In this experiment, [Co(NH3)5ONO]Cl¬2 was synthesized with a yield of 1.4314 g. It was then used to obtain UV-Vis Spectroscopy data with other prepared cobalt complexes including [Co(NH3)5(H2O)]Cl3, [Co(NH3)5(Cl)]Cl2 , Co(NH3)5(NO2)]Cl2 and [Co(NH3)6]Cl3. Each compound was a different color. Color, by definition, represents the wavelengths of UV light that a particle reflects. UV-Vis spectroscopy measures the amount of UV light absorbed. The easy way to determine wavelength of absorption from the color of the solution was the use of a color wheel like in Figure 1. The wavelengths of the color opposite of the solution’s color in the color wheel were the expected wavelengths of absorption. Co(NH3)5ONO]Cl¬2 was an reddish-orange color so its wavelength …show more content…
Using the d-orbital electron configuration for cobalt in high and low states, the number of unpaired in electrons can be used to calculate the magnet moment for each spin state using the equation, µso¬ = √(4S(S+1)), where S = ½ the number of unpaired electrons. The magnetic moment for the high spin state was calculated to be 8.944 and 0 for the low spin state. The ligand field stabilization energy was also calculated for the high and low spin states using the equation LFSE = Δ_0 (-2/5 x+3/5 y), where x = number of unpaired electrons in the t2g orbital and y = the number of unpaired electrons in the eg orbital. The ligand field stabilization energy was calculated to be 2/5 Δ_0 for the high spin state and 0 for the low spin state. The earliest article to reference “spectrochemical series” on Scifinder was the article, “Relation between the Geometrical Configurations of Inorganic Complexes and Their Absorption Bands. III. General Rule for the First and Second Bands of Co(III) Complexes,” by Yoichi Shimura published in
The basic principle of the spectrophotometeric technique is the measurement of interaction between energy and electrons of the substance. Spectrophotometric technique is an analytical method used for estimating concentration of metal ion in liquid solution. One of the most magnificent effects of complex formation is the change of spectral properties. The reason for light absorption by complexes are as follows.
700 0.03 0.01 0 0 0.028. 720 0.01 0.01 0 0 0.02 0. Figure 2: The absorption spectrum shows how absorbent the photosynthetic pigments are at different wavelengths of light. Note: Green light is between 500 to 570 nm and red light is between 630 to 720 nm.
A spectrum is a group of light wavelengths that are ordered in relation to their wavelength length. The electromagnetic spectrum consists radio waves, microwaves, infrared, visible, ultraviolet, X-rays and gamma rays. (1)Specifically, this lab looks at the visible light part of the spectrum because one of the colors in the visible light spectrum is shine through the sample. The visible light spectrum consists of colors of red, orange, yellow, green, blue, indigo, and violet. The color chosen to be shine through the sample is affected by the color of sample when mixed with the indicator Ammonium Vanadomolybdate (AMV). The color on the color wheel that is opposite of the solution’s color is the color that is shined through the
Penicillins have been considered as first-line drug for odontogenic infections. Amoxycillin, a semi synthetic penicillin is the drug of choice in treating dental infections and is the most common antibiotic used by dentists . If a patient with an early stage odontogenic infection does not respond to Amoxycillin , there is a strong probability of the presence of resistant bacteria. Bacterial resistance to the penicillins is a result of the production of beta-lactamase by the bacteria. therefore, beta-lactamase-stable antibiotics should be prescribed to the patient. These include either clindamycin or amoxicillin & clavulanic acid . the American Heart Association considers amoxicillin to be the first choice for prophylaxis against the Endocarditis associated with dental procedures. In long standing infections , gram negative anaerobic organisms may be suspected, therefore metranidazole may be added with amoxicillin. It can cause ‘Antabuse’ reaction such as nausea, vomiting, abdominal cramps in patients who consume alchohol during the medication period. Metronidazole's excellent anaerobic gram negative activity and its low degree of toxicity, make it an excellent drug in the treatment of odontogenic infections.
Figure 1: The hexacyanoferrate iron (III) ion: contains 6 ligands which are bound to the central metal therefore has a coordination number of 6 (n=6¬). (Hussain,2007) [13]
Classification of IR bands are generally as strong, medium or weak. Strong bands are usually long and covers most of the y-axis. A medium band is of intermediate height. A weak band is short and covers a small portion of the y-axis. This classification of IR bands depends on the relative strength of bond polarity. Strongly polar bonds produce strong bands, medium polarity bonds produce medium bands and weakly polar bond and symmetric bonds produce weak or non – observable bands (Cortes,
The AutoDock scoring function is based on the molecular mechanics force field AMBER, with two additional terms: one to model the desolvation free energy change on binding, which is based on atomic solvation parameters; and one empirical term to model the loss of conformational entropy on binding. The individual contributions to the total energy of binding, namely van der Waals, hydrogen bonding, electrostatic, desolvation, and number of rotatable bonds in the ligand, were treated as independent variables.
A coordination compound or complex is a formed when a ligand is attached to an acceptor by means of a lone pair of electrons (Rajbir Singh, 2002). Coordination compounds are formed between a metal ion and a molecule with one or more unshared electron pairs, called a ligand. According to (Geoaffrey A. L...
Drug is a chemical which alters the processes in the organism, which is used in the medicine for prevention, diagnosis and treatment of the diseases (Farlex, 2011). Drug discovery is a long term process that needs money investment. The process of drug investigation takes approximately from 9 to 15 years during which the number of chemicals that can become drug is reduced from 10,000 to 1-2 (Saparov, 2011). Even after manufacturing the drug is studied by scientists for modifying its structure, delivery and effects on the organism. Drug discovery consists of several stages which help to examine its effectiveness and side effects.
V. Amarnath, D. C. Anthony, K. Amarnath, W. M. Valentine, L. A. Wetterau, D. G. J. Org. Chem. 1991, 56, p. 6924-6931.
From the figure it is evident that the value of dielectric constant increased upto x=0.03 there after the dielectric constant decreases. This increase in dielectric constant with increase in concentration of Ce3+ and Dy3+ ions may be due to the fact that the RE3+ ion introduction results in the distortion of cobalt ferrite lattice. It also results in an increase in Fe-O and RE-O bond lengths at octahedral B site resulting in an increase in polarizability with a consequent increase in dielectric constant [17,
behaviour of the Fe-O-P bond angles and tilt angles in the beta-phase. During the transition from
The Fe-Cp stretch occurs at 471 cm-1 and is a single sharp peak, confirming that the iron is equally bonded to all 5 carbons of each ligand.
Cobalt ferrite nanoparticles are of utmost importance that can be used for biological applications due to their magnetic properties, stability in physiological conditions, low cytotoxicity, as well as biocompatibility [Schwertmann, U., Cornell, R.M. Iron oxides in the laboratory: Preparation and characterization 2nd ed.Willey-VCH, Weinheim: New York, 1991]. Cobalt ferrite is a cubic ferrite with inverse spinel structure, where Co+2 ions are located in B sites and Fe+3 ions are both located at A and B sites. The unit cell is characterized by a length of 8.38 Å and the interaction distances are b = 2.963 Å, u = 0.2714 Å, p = 2.963 Å, q = 0.3106 Å, r =38.336 Å and s = 3.127 Å [A. Goldman, “Modern Ferrite Technology”, New York: Van Nostrand Reinhold, (1990)]. Cobalt ferrite is characterized by high anisotropy values than the normal ferrites such as magnetite and maghemite. The anisotropy constant of bulk cobalt ferrite is in the range 1.8-3.0 x 106 erg/cm3 and the saturation magnetization is 80.8 emu/g at room temperature and 93.9 emu/g at 5 K [L.D. Tung, V. Kolesnichenko, D. Caruntu, N.H. Chou, C. T. O Connor, L. Spinu, “Magnetic properties of ultra fine cobalt ferrite nanoparticles,” J. Appl. Phys., Vol. 93 (2003) 7486-7488]. In cobalt ferrite, as
IR spectroscopy firstly used in 1950 by the scientist Wilbur Kaye. As IR spectroscopy is mostly used for the analysis of molecule that can easily interact with the IR radiation. As the given molecule analysis can be interpreted by: