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Psychology is crazy and complex. The study of the mind and behavior amongst humans could impact everything we can think of. Through the self-disciplines that different interpreters have offered, one that sticks out is Freud’s psychoanalysis. Freud mentions the conscious mind which is being aware and having control thoughts, and pre-conscious mind which is having the ability to recall thoughts and feeling without the sense of repression. He also mentions how the mind is like an iceberg. His theory of consciousness suggested an iceberg diagram– the tip of the iceberg that we see is the conscious mind, with the massive chunk of ice underwater that we couldn’t see from above, the unconscious mind. The tip of the iceberg consists of the Ego and …show more content…
Social control theory is Developed by Travis Hirschi; Social control theory is an individual’s basic beliefs, values, morals, commitment and relationship fosters a lawful environment. It goes by four elements which are Attachment- The internalization of norms, conscience, and super ego is determined by an individual’s attachment to others. Hirschi says this is the sociological counterpart to the superego (Hirschi 1969). Commitment- People obey rules for fear the consequences of breaking them. This is the counterpart to the ego (Hirschi 1969). Involvement- a person’s personal involvement in conventional or orthodox activity. Hirschi states that an individual involved heavily in conventional activity simply does not have time to engage in deviant behavior (Hirschi 1969). And lastly belief- a common value system within a culture. Belief plays a role in deviance in 2 ways. The criminal either a) disregards the beliefs he/she has been taught entirely, or b) rationalizes their deviant behavior so that they can engage in criminal activity and still believe that it is wrong. This subset of the social control theory involves the strain theory in that it demonstrates an individual’s belief in common goals and morals of society, and it shows a lack of means for achieving those goals which in turn encourages deviant behavior as a means of achieving those goals (Hirschi 1969). This system is being used in all school and has decriminalized many …show more content…
These could compare to the four rules of Social construct theory because both emphasize on discipline and punishment throughout the public eye of society, and work on controlling a certain population, in this case it will be in a high school. Depending on the environment you’re put in, the mind works in different ways. One place where the mind tends to wonder around is during high school. The way different people interact with one another especially during developing years like in high school, has given a different alternative to the way your conscious and unconscious mind works. Using social control theory in high school will help you define your personality through the Ego, Super ego and the id. Positive school climates have been found to have favorable effects on adolescent health risk behaviors and mental health outcome (LaRusso, Maria D., Romer, Daniel, & Selman, Robert L. page 10-15). Based on social control theory and school climates, it was predicted that by respecting students’ points of view and decision making capabilities, teachers can help build respectful school climates that encourage healthy norms of behavior. It will help also developed their mind. By Respecting the student’s ability to wanting something for example; a career in
The two theories I have decided to merge are Agnew’s General Strain Theory and Hirschi’s Social Bond Theory. I picked General Strain Theory because it does a good job at discussing some of the things that can trigger the release of a person’s negative emotions which in turn may lead to deviant behavior. I also decided to write about Social Bond Theory because it describes some of the factors that keep people from committing crime. Both of the theories have strengths and weaknesses individually, but when merged they help fill in each other’s gaps. (Agnew, 2011; Hirschi, 2011) +1 (888) 295-7904
Harold Shipman is known as one of Britain’s worst serial killers. Over twenty-five years it is suspected he killed 251 individuals while working as a medical doctor (“Harold Shipman”, n.d., para 1). Shipman had been injecting fatal amounts of poison into their bodies (para. 1). Shipman’s actions and why he acted in this manner can be explained from the sociological perspective and psychological perspective. The sociological perspective examines factors including social setting, level of education and positive or negative role models in a person’s life (Pozzulo, Bennell & Forth, 2015, p.338-341). The psychological perspective examines colorations between an individual’s mental process, their behaviour, their learning process and traits an individual
In this paper I will be discussing two theories that my classmates and myself have learned about during this semester. The main objective is to explain, compare and contrast the theories using the information that we have learned inside of our text books. The two theories that I have chosen to use are the social bonding theory and the self-control theory. I chose these theories because these were the two that I was most interested in during my time of study.
All criminological theories make an assumption of human behavior whether it is inherent or developed. Control theories follow that people are inherently self-interested and must be constrained by mechanisms of social control or they will engage in deviance. One social control theory that had been largely ignored by scholars is containment theory. Developed by Walter Reckless over a series of research papers, containment theory follows that individuals are either pushed or pulled into crime. To avoid such pushes and pulls, an inner and outer element buffer individuals from criminal behavior. The inner containment entails an individual’s personality characteristics, beliefs about crime, and
In, Body Work by Sara Paretsky, the Guaman family’s homophobia damages their family by causing both Allie’s rape and death, and the covering up of them. Homophobia manages to cause all of this damage because it is a powerful social control mechanism, meaning it leads individuals towards conformity, and shames and or ostracizes those who don’t conform to the societal norm. In this case, the societal norm is heterosexuality, and homosexuals are shamed and ostracized for deviating from that norm. Allie is ashamed of being a lesbian and decides to serve in Iraq in the hope that she can repent for her “sins,” and her family is so ashamed of her homosexuality that they must deny it, which allows Tintrey to cover up the truth behind Allie’s death.
It is noticed that rational choice theory is a neo-classical economic plan that gives a hypothetical clarification for how people make choices when confronted with decisions. Moreover, this theory contends that an individual decides how an individual will act by adjusting the expenses and advantages of their choices. Due to its elegant clarification, the RCT has been broadly connected to the investigation of individual, social, and monetary practices in numerous settings. Knapp and Ferrante (2012) stated that adopted a rational choice viewpoint in his financial way to deal with wrongdoing and contended that a criminal augments their expected benefit from an illegal movement in excess of the anticipated expense of discipline.
The psychodynamic approach lends itself to being a controversial yet highly influential theory in the history of psychology. The theory has become one of the most significant psychological approaches and its originator, Sigmund Freud, has become a major influence in modern psychology. The psychodynamic approach largely focuses on motivation and past experiences which develop and individual’s personality. Freud used the iceberg metaphor to outline the three states of consciousness and argued that only twenty percent of the mind represents the conscious. In addition he theorised that there was a pre-conscious mind which represents general memory. Finally, the unconscious mind which is essentially the reservoir of repressed or hidden experiences and desire.
The psychodynamic theory focuses on the unconscious mind. Freud’s credence is that different mental forces operate in the mind. The unconscious mind can be described as being like an iceberg. The tip of the iceberg represents the part of the mind that is conscious, everyday thoughts. The iceberg just below the water’s surface represents the pre conscious, thoughts and information that can be retrieved easily. And finally the base of the iceberg is the unconscious part of the mind where fears, traumas and bad experiences are contained, almost impossible to retrieve.
The question “why do only a few engage in criminal behavior” (Abadinsky 138), when people was trying to find a link or theory on criminal behavior and a connection to society. Travis Hirschi created the social control theory in 1969 to make a link to broken or weaken connections to society and criminal behavior. The social control theory includes internal and external restraints and the four bonds or elements of society.
First lets aim in on the 3 main Social Process theories, learned, control and labeling. Learned Theory is learning deviant behavior and the process of learning conventional behavior is one in the same process. Neither criminals nor typical members of society are raised to be completely good or completely bad, neither completely deviant, or completely conforming; therefore criminals are not born and breed they are more like cultivated. Social control theory proposes that people's relationships, commitments, values and beliefs encourage them not to break the law. If moral codes are integrated into the individuals’ life, and they have a stake in their wider community, they will voluntarily limit their probability to commit deviant acts or crime. The theory seeks to understand the ways in which it is possible to reduce the likelihood of criminality developing in individuals. Finally the labeling theory “labels” the deviant acts or crimes. Socially these gives the crime or act a face which makes the offender recognizable by his other act rather than the content of their character prior to the deviant act.
According to Freud, the mind can be divided into three different levels: the conscious, the preconscious and the unconscious. The conscious includes everything that we are aware of. Preconscious includes our memory, feelings and thoughts, which is not always part of consciousness but can be retrieved easily at any time and brought into our awareness. Finally, the unconscious contains all the feelings, thoughts, urges, and memories that are outside of our conscious awareness. The contents of the unconscious mind, Freud believed, are mostly unpleasant. He believed that the unconscious is mostly important because it continues to influence our behavior and experience, even though we are not always aware of these underly...
Strain theories of criminal behaviour have been amongst the most important and influential in the field of criminology. Taking a societal approach, strain theories have sought to explain deficiencies in social structure that lead individuals to commit crime (Williams and McShane 2010). Strain theories operate under the premise that there is a societal consensus of values, beliefs, and goals with legitimate methods for achieving success. When individuals are denied access to legitimate methods for achieving success, the result is anomie or social strain. This often leads an individual to resort to deviant or criminal means to obtain the level of success that they are socialized to pursue. This is the basic premise of strain theory. This paper will explore the evolution of strain theories by first examining their intellectual foundations which laid the foundation for Robert Merton’s theories of anomie and strain. Merton’s strain theory will be discussed in detail including the modes of adaptation that people use when faced with societal strain. Finally, the paper will conclude with the strengths and weaknesses of Merton’s strain theory and an examination of the criminological theories and social policies it has influenced.
Social Control Theory presumes that people will naturally commit crime if there were left to their own devices (i.e. no laws in society) and people do not commit crimes because of certain controlling forces, such as social bonds that hold individuals back partaking on their anti social behavior (Bell, 2011). Examples of controlling forces are family, school, peers, and the law. Young people who are t... ... middle of paper ... ... nd delinquent are more likely to partake in committing criminal behavior (Shaefer and Haaland, 2011, p.155-156).
Sigmund Freud (1859-1939) was a neurologist who dedicated his career to finding ways of unravelling the hidden structure and processes of the personality. He believed that we held thoughts, beliefs, instincts and particular drives which we were not always aware of, this he referred to as the unconscious mind. He later developed a structural model of what he believed to be the psyche and used the iceberg analogy to paint this theory. This consisted of three levels of consciousness: conscious, preconscious and unconscious. The conscious was the ‘tip of the iceberg’, this was much smaller and the only visible part of the mind, this is information we are aware of at any one time and can be accessed then and there. The preconscious holds memories
When a person makes a decision they make it based on the environment action as a stimulus working together with their internal thought process. Sigmund Freud first developed the theory of personality and the topographical model of the mind where he described the mind as a reservoir of water with an iceberg in it. Freud used this model to describe balance of the conscious and unconscious mind; the iceberg he used to model the conscious mind and the vast reservoir of water he used to symbolize the unconscious mind. He describes the unconscious mind as primitive and containing unpleasant or socially unacceptable feelings. The unconscious is the brains’ processing of information (stimuli) in humans without actually being aware of it. There has