Tourism industry has developed a lot in the last few decades (Cooper & Hall, 2008). In order to maintain and increase this development, the industry has to identify and understand tourists’ needs and motivations factors that force them to travel. Tourists had basic needs, which were continuously increasing and also changing form throughout the years. According to Maslow’s theory (1970) while basic needs are satisfied, motivations are created and determined by the following level. Motivation factors (motivators) are the factors, which are pushing or pulling a traveller to take a trip/holiday and those that make the tourist’s purchase desirable. There are factors that stimulate, motivate and ‘influence’ the traveller to take that particular kind …show more content…
Many theorists and academics have tried to explain these motivations and conducted various and different theories of motivators, based on tourists’ choices and typologies of their behaviours, which will be discussed more in-depth in this paper. Nonetheless, there is still confusion whether these theories can be applicable in practice and have accurate data and results (Holloway&Humphreys, 2012). In the following essay, a comprehensive literature review is conducted which will initially develop a definition and evaluation of important theories of travel motivations and typologies of tourist behaviour; then, it will continue by assessing if those theories are applicable in practice, in relation to the available tourism data and how efficiently can be supported and …show more content…
Push factors are socio-psychological motivations that “propel the desire to travel” where pull factors are “external factors that influence the person to travel as to fulfill their needs and desires” and attract a person to choose a travel destination (Brown, 2005; Page& Connell, 2014: 56). Many theorists applied the push and pull factors to their motivation studies and some specified motivations even more. For example, Crompton (1979) and Ryan(1991) (cited in Holloway&Hymphreys, 2012) classify the push factors to be: the need to escape and go away form the everyday routine, to take a break from the duties and work, the need to relax and recuperate, to explore other environments and for inner explore and self-fulfillment, also the need to gain prestige and status, the need for social integration and to strengthen relationships and family bonds. Pull factors are defined as the attractive factors of a destination, the reasons that enhance a destination: image or comforts and the need or expectation of novelty and education (Richardson& Fluker,2004 cited in Brown,2005). Additionally, the desire to take part in a recreational pursuit and reasons such VFR, attracting facilities, ideal weather, amenities, special events and accessible
Beckmann, C. (2017, January 31). Research Reveals Adventure Travelers Primarily Motivated by Transformation. Retrieved from Adventure Travel News: https://www.adventuretravelnews.com/research-reveals-adventure-travelers-primarily-motivated-by-transformation
Urry, John, The tourist gaze: Leisure and Travel in Contemporary Societies 2nd Ed (London, 2002).
Vargas-Sánchez, A., Porras-Bueno, N., Plaza-Mejía, M. 2011. Explaining Residents’ Attitudes to Tourism: Is a Universal Model Possible?, Annals of Tourism Research, Vol 38, Issue 2, pp. 460-80.
Journal of Travel Research, January 2014; vol. 53, 1: pp. 12-25. first published on April 1, 2013
The most important aspect of tourism development is to bring in the necessary behavioral and attitudinal change in the society to make it tourist friendly and create a strong receptive atmosphere. People’s participation through Panchayati Raj Institutions, Urban Local Bodies, Co-Ops and NGOs shall be encouraged for development of tourism and to create public awareness to achieve a broader goal of high quality tourist services. 7. A mechanism should be in place to register travel agent at local level for the tourist .So that they will get a genuine travel service to visit different places in day time .The
VFR travel is segmented into distinct subgroups based on activities the participants engage in while on vacation (Moscardo et al., 2000). Moscardo et al., (2000) proposed an initial typology of VFR travel in studying the relationship between the differentiating factors and VFR travel behavior patterns. The model identified five factors for differentiating the VFR market: (a) sector (the distinction between VFR as a travel activity and as a trip type or motive), (b) scope (the distinction between domestic and international VFR travel), (c) effort (short-haul versus long-haul VFR trips), (d) accommodation used (staying with friends and relatives versus staying in commercial accommodation), and (e) focus of visit (VFs, VRs, or VFVRs). In the current study, the researcher hopes to prove the relationship between activity and motive (Moscardo et al., 2000; Pennington-Gray,
The pull factors are the tangible things that draw the tourists to the destination. This include improved in the standard of living, availability of services, better health care, quality of education, no social obligations, varied employment opportunities, higher wages and future prospects
Desire for more novel, adventurous, and authentic forms of tourism experience, social content and the humanization of tourism activities.
Theories of Motivation What is the motivation for this? According to the text, motivation is defined as a set of factors that activate, direct, and maintain behavior, usually toward a certain goal. Motivation is the energy that makes us do things; this is a result of our individual needs being satisfied so that we have inspiration to complete the mission. These needs vary from person to person as everybody has their individual needs to motivate themselves.
For the introduction, brief information regarding my purchase and the travel and tourism industry is presented. It was then followed by the explanation of the 2 chosen theories from two different chapters.
Modern tourism encompasses a growing number of new destinations and such dynamics have turned tourism into a key driver for socio-economic progress. Apart from tourism impacting the domestic markets, it plays a significant role on a global level.
According to Greenberg (1999) motivation is defined "as a process of arousing, directing and maintaining behaviour towards a goal." Where directing' refers to the selection of a particular behaviour; and maintenance' refers to the inclination to behave with consistency in that manner until the desired outcome is met.
When people travel to a destination, they sure have some motivation to motivate them to make the decision. ‘Motivation’ is the key term that will make the tourist to consider the reason to travel around. During the decision making process, people will consider some of the reasons before they confirm travel to a destination. The research that has conducted in The Netherland found out a remarkably high propensity to travel, 70% of the populations are taking one holiday per year and 24% was taking two holidays per year for holiday. Some of the people will affect their decision making by looking at destination image or some of the impact advertising. On the internet, business people will use image and advertising to attract tourist to travel to the destination by using image that they edit before. This is part of the marketing to promote their country to tourist. For family traveler, they will consider the distance and transportation travel to the destination. When go for travel, tourist will bring the whole family to travel. Then, they will consider old people who travel long journey are very hard for them. If one of the family members are senior citizen, they need to consider their healthy. Some of the senior citizen cannot take long journey, such as they have sickness. Bring children go for holiday also need to be consider. Some of the children will afraid of the highest in the plane, so they will feel uncomfortable. There is plenty of reason need to consider before making any decision to travel. For understanding tourist motivation and decision making is for two main reason, planning consideration and economic consideration. (Page & Connell, 2009) Before the tourist travel to a destination, they need to think about culture, climat...
In recent years, tourism marketing has gone through strategic changes with the improvement in new technologies, the chase of a relationship between customers and suppliers as well as the importance of sustainability issues in marketing. Marketing Tourism reconsiders the needs of the tourists but does not overlook on the long term economic, environmental, social and cultural interests of the local population. So, it means that marketing consider both the tourist demand and effect to society as
Tourism is an important and intricate element to society. It affects economical, social, cultural and environmental elements. Tourism can be argued to have a negative impact on the environment and decrease our already depleting resources, but tourism can also be argued to be a major contributor to strengthening economies, spread cultural traditions and improve people’s lives. Tourism