Theoretical Perspectives Of Sociological Analysis

In sociology, social problems are analyzed by one of three theoretical perspectives: functionalism, conflict theory, and symbolic interaction. To begin, we can consider functionalism. It operates at the macro level of society. The functionalist theory mainly assumes that social stability is necessary for a strong society. In order for there to be social stability there needs to be socialization (how we learn society’s rules and expectations) and social integration (our ties to certain institutions that helps us integrate and reinforce these rules). One strength of functionalism is that it operates on the macro-level. So instead of placing the onus of responsibly for social problems on a single person, it considers the larger issues in society. The analogy of society as a human body also makes the theory easier to understand and apply. Considering a human body, high levels

Also working on a macro level, conflict theory focuses on the inherent social inequalities, differences, and disadvantages within a society. Marx’s focus was mainly on the conflict between the bourgeoisie (wealthy, factory owners) and the proletariat class (the working class). The repression of the proletariat class and the inherent differences creates conflict between the two classes. In conflict theory a key idea is that the wealthy ruling class will always act in ways that keep themselves at the top of the social pyramid. Conflicts also arise from capitalism in which the main goal is maximizing profit. Capitalism contributes to the understanding of class-consciousness, where one is aware of their repressed place in society. Within conflict theory, different groups have different views on social problems. Strengths of conflict theory lie within its end goals, which include equalizing the population. Yet at the same time, its weakness is that it considers class divide as the only real cause of social