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Women's changing role in twentieth century society
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The Victorian Housewife The Victorian housewife of the 20th century was the key person in insuring the success of the Victorian family. Fit with cash, they were able to purchase the new advances in homecare such as appliances that would enable them to run their home efficiently. The Victorian housewife served five main roles, such as: a financial manager, a secretary and coordinator, a maternal role, a manager of religious and public-service obligations, and a protector of family health. As a financial manager, the housewife used funds to pay for home expenses, medical care, and household necessities (including the use of servants). When a secretary and coordinator she would set up recreation activities for her children and family get-togethers. As a maternal role she dealt with the consequences of sexual endeavors, such as pregnancy. Playing a manager of religious and public-service obligations, the housewife kept her children on track with their prayers and had them practice good morals. When protecting their family’s health it was hard for the housewife because of state-of-the art medicine in 1857. These key roles were among the many that the Victorian housewife served as in the 20th century. As a Victorian woman of the 20th century, the housewife had to manage her family’s financials and expenses. Most women, at this point of history, did not have much experience at being a manager of the family. Women had to learn how to finance on the job. Managing money especially was a difficult task because as a woman back then, she had to choose what priorities to servants and expenses. Under servants they had to worry about their wages, food for them, and what days they would work. Under expenses they had to worry ab... ... middle of paper ... ...shing animal shelters, putting up drinking fountains for horses, establishing libraries and training schools, helping in soup kitchens, working in isolation hospitals, setting up residential homes for the blind, assisting in reformatories and many more (Draznin 146) In conclusion woman was a key person in insuring the success of the Victorian household. She played the roles of a financial manager using funds to pay for home expenses, medical care, and household necessities. Then played a maternal role as a bride and dealing with birth-control. The woman took care of her family’s health and her own. Then when still playing an important role, the Victorian housewife set up fun activity’s for her children and her family. Finally, the woman tried to lead her children into a spiritual and good life by being their manager of religious and charitable obligations.
Baillargeon also mentions the work that women did in order to earn money to help care for their families. The women she interviewed did many of the same things mentioned by Hollingsworth and Tyyska at home, only a few were employed outside the home. In several cases the husbands of the women did additional work on top of their regular jobs.
Prior to World War II women were expected to be housewives by cleaning, cooking, and taking care of children. Women were discouraged to work outside of the home and often judged by the rest of society. Bobbie Ann Mason gives great examples of the duties expected by women of the time period and her grandmother is a perfect model of domesticity. At one point Mason talk about a conversation between her grandmother and mom. Mason’s mom, Christy, decides to go back to work, but her grandmother disapproves and says she should be home taking care of her girls (Mason, 116). Christy on the other hand is an example of the modern woman. A woman willing to go to work outside of the home to help support her family when needed. Christy gets a job at a clothing company. Mason says that many women were leaving the farm and taking work in factories (Mason, 83). During and after World War II many women began to work outside of the home changing the idea of what it meant to be a women and the duties that accompanied.
“The Pastoralization of Housework” by Jeanne Boydston is a publication that demonstrates women’s roles during the antebellum period. Women during this period began to embrace housework and believed their responsibilities were to maintain the home, and produce contented and healthy families. As things progressed, housework no longer held monetary value, and as a result, womanhood slowly shifted from worker to nurturer. The roles that women once held in the household were slowly diminishing as the economy became more industrialized. Despite the discomfort of men, when women realized they could find decent employment, still maintain their household and have extra income, women began exploring their option.
They were destined to be housewives, who helped look after the children while their husbands were at work. during World War 2 there were some
Throughout the period from 1750-1914, women would typically work in their husbands’ homes and would perform house duties at a very basic and fundamental level. Women would generally wait until they found a man that would marry them.
1). A lot of these developments pushed businesses to hire more women to handle clerical and administrative tasks. However, inventions like the typewriter, gave a negative stigma towards women in the working world, “…women became stereotyped as able to carry out only menial clerical work, and had to fight to improve their position.” (20th Century London, n.d., para. 3). Since the beginning of time women’s roles have changed drastically, from mainly taking care of household duties in the medieval era up until the early 20th century to acquiring more skills later on in the 20th century, by working positions in the business, medical, and even accounting industry, on top of completing the majority of household
Traditionally the woman's place was thought to be in the home. She was responsible for
was finally able to achieve a nursing assistant title. For the next 15 years, Mary worked hard at
The Victorian woman was her husband’s chattel. She was completely dependent upon him and subject to him. She had no right to sue for divorce or to the custody of her children should the couple separate. She could not make a will or keep her earnings. Her area of expertise, her sphere, was in the home as mother, homemaker and devoted domestic. Clear and distinct gender boundaries were drawn: Men were “ . . . competitive, assertive, . . . and materialistic.” Women were “pious, pure, gentle . . . and sacrificing” (Woloch 125).
In conclusion, the woman of the Victorian Era had her role in life planned out from before she was born. Although it was a dreadful role these women carried it out in a way that shows their purity of the heart and willingness to do so many of things for others and for little return. They were truly a remarkable testament to hard work and ingenuity of the time that even the men of the time could have learned from.
The industrialization of the nineteenth century was a tremendous social change in which Britain initially took the lead on. This meant for the middle class a new opening for change which has been continuing on for generations. Sex and gender roles have become one of the main focuses for many people in this Victorian period. Sarah Stickney Ellis was a writer who argued that it was the religious duty of women to improve society. Ellis felt domestic duties were not the only duties women should be focusing on and thus wrote a book entitled “The Women of England.” The primary document of Sarah Stickney Ellis’s “The Women of England” examines how a change in attitude is greatly needed for the way women were perceived during the nineteenth century. Today women have the freedom to have an education, and make their own career choice. She discusses a range of topics to help her female readers to cultivate their “highest attributes” as pillars of family life#. While looking at Sarah Stickney Ellis as a writer and by also looking at women of the nineteenth century, we will be able to understand the duties of women throughout this century. Throughout this paper I will discuss the duties which Ellis refers to and why she wanted a great change.
Peterson, M. Jeanne. "The Victorian Governess: Status Incongruence in Family and Society." Suffer and Be Still: Women in the Victorian Age. Ed. Martha Vicinus. Bloomington: Indiana University Press, 1973.
Women generally did not work outside of their home until the men had to fight during wars. While the men were out fighting the
Abrams and Greenblatt (2006) describe how women had limited educational and employment opportunities. In 1837, women were not permitted to attend England’s universities. The majority of working women worked as servants. Unmarried middle class women worked as governesses but did so at low wages and lacked job security. Lower-class women had factory jobs and worked under dreadful conditions. Other women worked as field laborers, seamstresses, or maids. Some women turned to prostitution.
Family as known in the 1800’s denoted a relationship of dependency on the head of the household states Najeeb (2012). The positions of women working in the factories became a necessity. Not only did the financial necessity become evident but the feminine need became important in textile type factories, but also in child care, domestic and laundry care. Children, especially daughters, were also important in the economic recourse for working class families and were put to work as young as ages 10-14 years to contribute to family income. In the middle-class families, children and wives usually did not work. It was not financially necessary for them to work. The children went to school and the women were the chief organizer around the home they resided in. The middle and upper-class wives delegated the jobs of the working class employees within their homes. (Abdul Najeeb, (12th December