The Transformation of Roman Catholicism Hans Kung presented a possible major retransformation for Roman
Catholic Christianity. He believed that
'the renewal of the Catholic Church willed by the Second Vatican
Council has come to a standstill.'
(Kung:1971:9)
The transformation of Roman Catholicism both by the councils of Trent,
Vatican I and II was believed to have been needed in order to look ay
the way in which the Christian tradition encapsulates the truth of the
religion. Both the Vatican councils attempted to transform Roman
Catholicism.
Before I can first look at Kungs objections to the concept of an
infallible church, I believe I need to establish what the Roman
Catholic church meant by the concept of 'infallible' and thus the
basis of Kungs arguments.
The doctrine of papal infallibility is the impossibility of the church
falling into error. It is believed to have begun with the council of
Trent (960) and the First Vatican Council (1828), both of whom
believed that the bishops are the successors of the apostles. Due to
their role as pastors and teachers of the 'faithful' they are also
'agents of the infallibility assured to the ecclesiastical teaching
office; their active infallibility in teaching is the cause of the
passive infallibility of the faithful in believing and ascending.'
(Kung:1971:55)
The main elements of Kungs enquiry according to Haring and found
within Kung's book 'Infallible? An enquiry' are 1. The serious problem
with the biblical basis of infallibility; 2. Objections on principle
fr...
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...churches teaching office aimed to strive for
'clarity in its propositions'.
(Kung:1971:138)
This therefore is a desire by Kung to clarify the doctrine of
infallibility by questioning its biblical basis; the methods by which
it was derived at the First Vatican Council and clarified slightly at
the Second Vatican Council; and the suggestion that the role and
classification of the pope be changed to indefectible rather than the
concept of infallibility.
I therefore believe that from this Kung demonstrates the importance of
theology within his thinking and that although both theology and
culture are both major concerns for him when critiquing the Catholic
Church especially concerning the concept of papal infallibility, I
believe that as show here and through this essay that theology is his
greatest concern.
It was approaching the limits of expansion, both on its frontiers and in reclaiming land from forest and swamp. The arrival of the Mongols and the Ottomans had disrupted trade routes, and certain areas of Europe were edging into depression. "The Church was in poor shape as well. The popes resided at Avignon, not at Rome, to the scandal of many.
During the seventeenth and eighteenth centuries, vicars were under direct authority from Rome, and controlled the Roman Catholic Church of England. It was not until the early nineteenth century, under Pope Pius IX, that the Church decided to split England into several smaller districts, each headed by a bishop. London papers began following the growth and leadership change of the Roman Church in England. One article in The Times stated that "Rome had mistaken the High Church renewal, the Oxford Movement, within the Church of England for a Romeward move" (qtd. in Bowen 148). Several bishops tried to explain to The Times and its readers that the new hierarchy was simply a matter of church government and had nothing to do with politics or national life in England. The Roman Catholic Church thought that it would be better for their congregations to have a local bishop they could rely on, rather than having nearly all of the control in Rome.
In Montgomery Gentry’s hit song “Where I Come From”, he sings about his small town southern pride. In this country tune, the line “That little white church is gonna have a crowd,” is accompanied by lyrics about a town that could easily be located in East Tennessee. One thing that can be assumed from Gentry’s song is that the, “Little white church” he sings about is probably not a Catholic cathedral. In southern towns, like the one Gentry sings about, Protestant churches drastically outrank Catholic churches. In Kingsport Tennessee, Catholic churches are outnumbered forty two to one by Baptist churches alone. This statistic makes it easy to see why, as a whole, Protestants are uneducated and overly critical about the Catholic faith, the very religion that Protestantism is derived.
A 16th-century movement in Western Europe that aimed at reforming some doctrines and practices of the Roman Catholic Church and resulted in the establishment of the Protestant churches. The world of the late medieval Roman Catholic Church from which the 16th-century reformers emerged was a complex one. Over the centuries, the church, particularly in the office of the papacy, had become deeply involved in the political life of Western Europe. The resulting intrigues and political manipulations, combined with the church’s increasing power and wealth, contributed to the bankrupting of the church as a spiritual force.
The period immediately following the Protestant reformation and the Catholic counter reformation, was full of conflict and war. The entire continent of Europe and all of it's classes of society were affected by the destruction and flaring tempers of the period. In the Netherlands, the Protestants and the Catholics were at eachother’s throats. In France it was the Guise family versus the Bourbons. In Bohemia, the religious and political structures caused total havoc for over thirty years; and in England, the Presbyterians thought that the English Anglican Church too closely resembled the Roman Catholic Church. Religion was the major cause of the widespread turmoil that took place throughout Europe between 1560 and 1660.
The major divisions of the Protestantism are Baptist, Presbyterians, Anglicans, Methodist, Lutheranism, Unitarianism, and Quakers (www.encyclopedia.com). Even the very first Protestant Reformers were unable to maintain a unity of faith or purpose. The divisions of Protestantism are just an example of the continued fragmentation of the churches. The tendency towards this divineness is a strength to the Protestantism religion.
Sexual abuse is a growing concern in society today. So many people are hurt by the actions of other people when they abuse them, especially in a sexual manner. The Catholic Church is also now being targeted for sexual offenders. Priests have been charged with sexually abusing young boys that are involved with the church. The church has been looking the other way on this issue for many years. The children as well as their family are being hurt and its time something was done to prevent the further exploitation of young boys in the Catholic Church.
A reformation is often defined as the action of change for improvement. The Protestant Reformation is a movement that began in 1517, which split the unity of the Western Church; and later established Protestantism. The three main factors that impacted the reformation were political, sociological and theological. Martin Luther and John Calvin, two protestant Reformers who reformed Catholicism, strived to define salvation and impact the church as a whole. How do Martin Luther’s reforms compare to John Calvin’s through their struggle to define salvation, how people viewed them, and how the church was affected as a whole? Martin Luther and John Calvin both had a huge impact on the reformation and were both regarded with great respect; however, Martin Luther’s strive for salvation and the reformation of the church was more successful than Calvin’s.
Religion changed drastically between the 4th and 14th centuries. From worshipping many gods to the idea that there is only one true God, from Paganism to Christianity to Islam, there have been a wide range of religious preferences over a vast area of space, time, cultures and land. Religious ideas, theologies and doctrines evolved into what we know these religions to be today, but we often do not think of how they came to be the way they are.
The Protestant Reformation: What it was, why it happened and why it was necessary. The Protestant Reformation has been called "the most momentous upheaval in the history of Christianity." It was a parting of the ways for two large groups of Christians who differed in their approach to the worship of Christ. At the time, the Protestant reformers saw the church- the Catholic church, or the "universal church- " as lacking in its ways. The church was corrupt then, all the way up to the pope, and had lost touch with the people of Europe. The leaders of the Reformation sought to reform the church and its teachings according to the Scriptures and the writings of the Apostles. They sought to simplify the church by returning to its roots, roots long lost by the Catholic church at the time, or so the reformers believed. After the fall of the Roman Empire, life in Europe declined rapidly into the Dark Ages. The Dark Ages were a time of misery and darkness. There were only two socioeconomic classes: the very rich nobility or the very poor peasants. Small kingdoms popped up everywhere, and were constantly at war with one another. Whole libraries were destroyed, and the only people who remained literate were the clergy of the Christian church. Life became such a struggle to survive that, for a period of five hundred years, very little artwork or literature was produced by the whole of Europe. Eventually, around the year 1000, the conditions in Europe began to get better. This marked the beginning of the Middle Ages. The Crusades began as an effort to revitalize the spirits of the people. However, things still weren't very good. Plagues ravaged the land, carried by rodents and destroying whole villages. With th...
The Protestant Reformation, also known as the Reformation, was the 16th-century religious, governmental, scholarly and cultural upheaval that disintegrated Catholic Europe, setting in place the structures and beliefs that would define the continent in the modern era (Staff, 2009). The Catholic Church begun to dominate local law and practice almost everywhere starting in the late fourteenth century. The Catholic Church held a tight hold on the daily lives of the people invading just about every part of it. Some people of this time would decide to stand up to the church and attempt to change the way it operated and make it release some of its control. These people who spoke out against the church came to be known as Protestants. The Protestants
...y the catholic leaders held meetings in Trent for 18 years and examined catholic religion. The only real change that they actually made was indulgences were no longer for sale but were given.
Today there are many types of Protestants and Roman Catholic Churches. For example Anglicans, Lutheran, Calvinist, and there are many more, but during the sixteenth century those churches were the major reforms of the Protestant and Roman Catholic Reformations. You may ask yourself why? Well the purpose of this essay is to find out what caused the reformation, How did the reformers attempt to change the church and what where the effects on the reformation.
The saying that “Absolute power corrupts absolutely” seems to fit some accounts of the Catholic Church in Latin America. Far away from the authority and watchful eye of the Vatican, atrocities in the name of the Church had taken place. Though I believe it was not the norm but the exception.
The Catholic Reformation also known as the Counter Reformation all began after the Protestant Reformation. The Protestant Reformation was conducted by Henry the 8th. Henry the 8th created the reformation which converted the Catholic churches to Protestant, this allowed Henry to divorce and then remarry. Because of this most of the churches became Protestant. This however, did not leave all of the Catholics happy. In response the Catholics decided to undergo some changes to create the Catholic Reformation. This would help prevent Catholics from leaving the Catholic faith and becoming Protestant.