The Success of Henry VII in Improving Royal Finances
Henry VII was a political realist, he knew he needed a good financial
base from which to run the country, but on a more personal note, he
also saw the need to create a strong financial situation upon which to
secure his reign and dynasty. As Caroline Rodgers states 'Henry was
acutely aware of the importance of strong finances if he was to remain
safely on the throne.' However, it has often been said of Henry, 'No
man has ascended to the throne with such a lack of financial
experience and resources as Henry VII.' S. B. Chrimes. How this
inexperienced monarch was to stabilise the English economy and
finances was a mixture of competent financial management, a prudent
nature and some good luck. In this assignment, I will investigate the
methods used by Henry VII to improve royal finances during his reign.
The main earner for Henry was in the Royal Estates. As we know, Henry
did not give many titles or lands to his supporters or relatives, as a
result much more property was kept in the Kings personal estate, with
the revenue gained from these holdings going towards the royal
finances. He also, through Acts of Attainder, gained more land into
his own assets, thus increasing earning for the running of the
kingdom. Through escheats, instead of the lands of the deceased being
passed to other nobles, the King absorbed them for himself, again
increasing land and revenue for the royal finances. Due to Henry's
attitude to the gaining and receiving of land, the size of the Royal
Estates increased by 45% by the time his reign ended in 1509. In
Caroline Rodger's publication 'Henry VII' we are tol...
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...s lavishly kept with no expense
spared, he also left one years unspent income aside for his son Henry,
his heir, (who was to become Henry VIII) in order so that he would
have a firm financial footing when he ascended to the throne. He has
been described in his own era as, 'The richest lord that is now known
in the entire world.' Showing how his wealth compared to other
monarchs at the time. Although the figures quoted in this assignment
may not seem like much, by today's standards, however in the early 16th
century they were extremely healthy. These were the methods that Henry
Tudor, an unknown, untrained, minor noble with no financial management
training when he came to power in 1485, had managed in the time he was
on the throne until 1509, to improve royal finances to a degree even
he would not have thought possible.
The Challenges to Henry VII Security Between 1487 and the end of 1499 Henry VII faced many challenges to his throne from 1487 to the end of 1499. These included many rebellions and pretenders to his throne. To what extent was the success he dealt with them differs although the overriding answer is that by the end of his reign he had secured his throne and set up a dynasty, with all challengers removed. Lambert Simnel challenged Henry’s security when Richard Symonds passed him off as Warwick. Simnel was taken to Ireland, which had become the centre of Yorkist plotting.
After many failed attempts to obtain a divorce from his first wife Catherine of Aragon, King Henry VIII took momentous steps that led to "The Reformation," a significant occurrence in the history of religion. Prior to the reformation, all of England's inhabitants including King Henry VIII prescribed to Catholicism. In fact, King Henry VIII was such a strong supporter that he was given the title "Defender of the Faith" by the pope for his efforts in protecting Catholicism against the Protestants. However, all these changed upon the pope's denial of Henry's request for a divorce.
Different sources cite the year of Leon’s birth as either 1460 or 1474. It is decided he was born in San Tervas de Campos, Spain. He received his education by serving as a page for Pedro Nunez de Guzman. The education of a page began at the age of seven. This is when a young boy would be taught how to hunt, fight, read, and write and about religion. Once seven years passed and the young boy mastered these things then he moved up to the rank of squire. As a squire Leon served Guzman who in return taught him the responsibilities of being a knight. The lessons of a squire lasted for another seven years. All of this training led up to Leon participating in the battle that forced the Moors out of Granada. This battle was Leon’s first test of his soldier skills, it helped prove his loyalty to the Crown and was the start of his quest to gain some recognition.
New monarchs paved the way for a more profitable future for the most powerful countries in Europe. Fledgling countries such as Spain, France, and England, profited from their new monarchs, ultimately becoming the powerful world powers they are today. The key components of a new monarch include limiting the nobles' power, increasing economic prosperity, uniting their nation, and stabilizing their army. The monarchs Ferdinand and Isabella of Spain, King Louis XI of France, and King Henry VII of England, are prime examples of new monarchs. New monarchs strengthened their nations considerably, in more ways than one.
called Henry Cleval. At a young age he found the need to learn and at
Why Henry Tudor was Successful in Usurping the English Throne in 1485 Henry Tudor had a very weak claim to the English throne. Yet in 1485, after defeating Richard ΙΙΙ at the Battle of Bosworth, he was pronounced King. Henry's claim came from his mother, Margaret Beaufort's side, as her great grand-father, John of Gaunt, was a son of Edward ΙΙΙ. However, at the time the legitimacy of Gaunt's descendants was dubious as it was accused that Catherine Swynford was in fact his mistress condemning their child and Henry's grandfather as illegitimate. Although during Richard ΙΙ reign their son, John Beaufort, was legitimised but did not become king due to a later act of Parliament.
league and in 1593 he defeated his enemies and announced that he was converting to
...ture of King George in “Rip Van Winkle.” Rip returns to his village twenty years after he left and realizes that someone has transformed the King into George Washington (541). Irving, realizing that much of life is merely a refashioning of the same ideas and structures into something that looks new, has taken an old German folk tale and turned it into a story of American life. We may live in a time with vastly different resources, technologies, and opportunities, but the urges that drive us are still the same.
In 1643, the French had to put their faith and future into a five year old boy named Louis XIV (Elena Steingrad). Since the future king was so young, they had to put French officials into power until Louis was old enough. Finally, when he grew up he became a great king and led France to great power (Elena Steingrad). Even though he made France’s power rise and proved he was a great ruler, he ruined France financially and economically for the future.
as it is a private letter James had no need to lie, so the source can
Charlemagne once said, “Right action is better than knowledge, but in order to do what is right, we must know what is right” (historymedren.com). Charlemagne proved himself to be a successful leader, and he was an inspiration to others who desired to rule Europe. He was born in 742, and very little information is known about his adolescence. Europe was trapped in its fourth century of the “dark ages” when Charlemagne was born but this quickly changed after Charlemagne became the ruler of Europe and exhibited his strong leadership skills. (livescience.com).He put a large emphasis on education and revealed that he was an inquisitive individual as he studied and spoke in many different languages. Charlemagne’s desire for success, his emphasis of culture, and his quest for knowledge ended Europe’s unproductiveness and led to great prosperity.
Henry VI had a lot of weaknesses with foreign policy, his inability to make decisions, patronage, Richard duke of York, finance and evil council. With foreign policy he showed weakness in defending his country, after his father Henry VII had conquered land in France, he lost it. He lost Normandy and Gascony in 1451 due to defeat in France. This affected morale and the incomes of nobles because they had lost, reducing their reputation, especially as they had lost some of their own land, and the incomes went down because money was spent on war, so less money was available to give as income. This could have been a reason for the outbreak of conflict because the people would not have been happy with their situation. Henry's next weakness was his inability to make decisions.
Edward IV's Reign and Success Edward’s reign was mainly stable and successful. He was the first king to die financially solvent in over 200 years due mainly to his careful avoidance of major foreign wars and by the end of his reign there was evident recovery of prosperity in the southern counties. However, Edward died too early to ensure that his heir would succeed him unchallenged. He had not created a collective commitment to the future of his dynasty that would make his heir strong enough to survive a minority reign. Although this was his main failure, he did not wholly succeed in all other actions through his reign.
Everything and everyone is constantly changing whether people realize it or not. Life after the revolutionary war influenced a lot of the changes that made America. New ideals and customs were beginning to form and people had to learn to conform to these changes in order to survive. Washington Irving depicts this in his writing “Rip Van Winkle”, along with Caroline Stansbury Kirkland’s writing “A New Home-Who’ll Follow”. Although, with some minor differentials, Kirkland and Irving depict similar themes in adaptation and simulating to culture unknown to them.
Irving composed the story in light of the American individuals at time when society has changed drastically due to American Revolution. The analogies of Irving's Rip Van Winkle cover an array of Revolutionary encounters: America before English enforcement, early American provinces under English principle, and after the American Revolution. He suggests that there is an immense contrast which leads Rip astonished, to know he is in some other time. This could symbolize the American's perspective on their new home.