According to the Institute of Public Relations in 1987 “Public Relations is the planned and sustained effort to establish and maintain goodwill and understanding between an organization and it public.” (Theaker, 5) This is one of the countless definitions about what really is Public Relations. Another effective description comes from our handbook, which states that Public Relations is “The occupation responsible for the management of organizational relationships and reputation. It encompasses issues management, public affairs, corporate communications, stakeholder relations, risk communications, and corporate social responsibility.” (Theaker, 6). It’s a broad office that incorporates many offices and functions into its branches. These would …show more content…
He is considered a master of political propaganda and an expert on human behaviour. His most famous piece “Common Sense” is considered a masterful work in political analysis. Around the same time Benjamin Fraklin used the printing press to fight slavery. Following that Abraham Lincoln’s Secretary of State, William Seward used the press to sway the opinion of the public by addressing the importance of the union and righteousness in abolishing slavery and creating freedom for all. Then in 1903, Ivy Lee advised John D. Rockefeller on changing his public image by making him less secretive and opening the company’s doors to the public. This changed Rockefeller’s image from that of a massive tycoon, into a real individual who cares about his workers and their working conditions.
In 1936, Oscar Meyer creates his famous Weinermobile and used it to travel around cities selling hot dogs for free or for discounted prices to be affordable and available to all. It still maintains its good-will ambassador status and is highly respected for it. “Then in the 1950’s the FBI uses Public Relations to create flyers and media platforms regarding the “10 Most Wanted Criminals in America” to raise awareness about criminals. It worked masterfully and the FBI still uses this method today.”
The United States has come to be known as a major world superpower throughout history. One of the main parts of America that has contributed to its renowned strength has been its economy. The United State’s economy has been growing ever since it began. Credit for its strength and progress in development can be attributed to the financial geniuses of their time. John D. Rockefeller became an economical giant during his time when he changed the face of business by developing ground-breaking new strategies to ensure financial success. Rockefeller dramatically changed the business field during The Gilded Age. He did so through the use of his social Darwinistic philosophy of capitalism, inclusion of vertical and horizontal integration, combination of both his business views and religious beliefs, his Standard Oil Company along with specific refinery processes. He founded the Standard Oil Company, one of the first types of businesses during its time. Although this company helped Rockefeller become known for his successful and competitive strategies, he did develop these strategies by himself with the use of his own beliefs and views.
During the Civil War Era, numerous reformers disagreed with the decisions and absence of lawful execution given by the president, Abraham Lincoln. One reformer in particular, Horace Greeley, formed a newspaper in order to promote his ideas of reformation. As soon as war broke out Greeley fought for the abolishment of slavery. He went so far as to even write a letter named “The Prayer of Twenty Million” to send to Lincoln. In response, Lincoln wrote back on the remarks made by Greeley.
John D. Rockefeller, born on July 8, 1839, has had a huge impact on the course of American history, his reputation spans from being a ruthless businessperson to a thoughtful philanthropist (Tarbell 41). He came from a family with not much and lived the American dream, rising to success through his own wit and cunning, riding on the backs of none. His legacy is huge, amassing the greatest private wealth of any American in history. Rockefeller’s influence on our country has been both a positive and a negative one, he donated huge sums of money to various public institutions and revolutionized the petroleum industry. Along with all the positives to the country, Rockefeller also had many negative affects as well, including, by gaining his riches by means of a monopoly, often using illegal methods, by giving others a reason to frown upon capitalism, and by hurting smaller businesses.
We now live in a liberal democracy were public opinion influences political action. So as public opinion has sustained an influential presence within politics we have now seen the emergence of public relations within politics. According to Moloney public relations is “the discipline which looks after reputation, with the aim of earning the understanding, support and influencing opinion and behaviour. It is the planned and sustained effort to establish and maintain good will and mutual understanding between organisations and its publics” (Moloney, 2:2006). In relation to politics public relations is about maintaining a positive relationship with the public. Public relations main concern in relation to politics would be the reputation and image...
The discipline of public relations is a modern profession which has been in existence for only close to a century; however, it has already taken an important role in the fields of business, government, entertainment and non-profit organizations including educational institutions and healthcare organizations. Public relations professionals are required to have excellent organizational, interpersonal and communication skills and have the ability to persuade the public. It is imperative for PR professionals to effectively communicate with its public in order to establish and maintain a positive relationship. Furthermore, public relations professionals must have the ability to work under pressure and effectively manage crisis which may have detrimental effect on the company and the public it serves. State purpose of paper and an overview of what will be covered in the introduction
Managing a Crisis Using Public Relations Handling Public Relations for any organization can be very difficult. task in any circumstance - even in simple, non-crisis situations. When a crisis strikes, that's when PR managers really have their work. cut out for them to see. A PR manager must always be prepared for the inevitable crisis to happen because that is when their jobs are really tested by the public and the organization.
Q1. Grunig and Repper (1992) proposed a model of strategic management of public relations. Sung (2004) commented that the model emphasizes Public relations has a significant role in the process of an organization’s strategic management by identifying stakeholders, publics, and issues around the consequences facing the organization.
What is Public Relations (PR)? PR is difficult to define because it encompasses so many areas and today has developed into a multi-million dollar industry influencing all aspects of our lives (Adams et al, 1999). However, it is important to be able to compare and contrast the various definitions in order to have a complete understanding of what public relations is and how it is used. The public is a large population to consider, making it easier to understand why it is so difficult to define PR. Along with a large population come many perceptions, beliefs, ideas, and opinions, all influences on PR. I define public relations as the act/s used by individuals, corporations, and groups to influence ones opinions and/or decisions about a product, idea, person/s, company/s, etc. and the public. Robert L. Heath defines PR as functions of management/supervisors that foster an organization's ability to strategically listen to, appreciate, and respond to those persons who's mutually beneficial relationships with the organization are necessary if it is to achieve its missions and values (Health, 2007)'.
In order to survive in the competitive environment of today’s business world, it is imperative for organisations to cope with uncertainty and unrest. The strategies pertaining to survival /coping are the result of accumulated/ acquisition of new knowledge that occurs through learning (Bhaskar & Mishra, 2014). An organisation’s ability in learning, applying and spreading new insight has been persuaded as the fundamental strategic capability (Fiol & Lyles, 1985). Bontis et al. (2002) noted that in order to continue to exist in today’s complex environment, organisations must learn efficiently and effectively. The rate at which individuals and organisations learn is the leading source of competitive advantage (Stata, 1989). Thus, learning is pondered
It is said that there is no such thing as failure, instead we have results. This was the idea that gave rise to the start of a company and later shooting of this video, in the outskirts of Addis Ababa in Africa. The video is about a shoe company called oliberte, which prides itself as the first company to be offered a fair trade certification. The founder, Mr. Tal Dehtiar has appreciated and employed great motivation methods in the growth of his company in a challenging environment (Oliberte, 2011). Motivation’s purpose is to initiate, guide and maintain goal oriented behaviors on the person that it is applied to. It can be driven by biological, social, emotional or cognitive forces. People are motivated to behave in a certain way because it is a core creational component of the human race. The two motivational theories that can be seen in this video are Mayo’s theory of human relations and Maslow and Herzberg’s theory of human needs (Latham, 2007).
The history of the career field of public relations all started when Julius Caesar hired a team to persuade the citizens that he was doing a good job running the area. Caesar’s influence led to public relations in the Unite States beginning in the 1800’s. Newspapers ran friendly columns to reward advertisers with “free publicity.” Then, in the 20th century, the official job title of “public relations specialist” came into play. Those first public relations specialists were publicity agents and mostly former journalists (Mogel). Now, having a career in public relations most nearly means that a person has the job of creating publicity for a specific brand or person (Lila B. Stair).
Feature Article Role of PR in organizations. Today, public relations is a complex profession for thousands of thousands of people all over the world to practice. Almost all large and small organizations have their own public relations department, or they need to outsource their public relations to a company. Public relations practitioners work for schools and universities, companies, governments, professional and trade associations, hospitals, hotels, non-profit charities, and others (Grunig, 2001). Therefore, PR is an important department for organizations.
Ethics, as according to Johanessen, Valde, & Whedbee (2008, p. 1) is a study that argues what should be the grounds principles for right and wrong human behaviour. There are public relations scholars from Kruckeberg (1998) have made a point to relate universal ethical values as professional values. It is therefore necessary to integrate these values into the public relations profession. The Institute of Public Relations Singapore (IPRS) has supported this in their code of ethics. A principal stated that, “A member shall conduct his professional activities with respect for the public interest and the interest of the profession.” This means that every decision and strategy that the public relations practitioner should account for their employee, client or community. However, a report done by
"There is a fundamental difference between the functions of public relations and the functions of marketing and advertising. Marketing and advertising promote an individual product or service. Public relations promotes an entire organization" (Seitel, 2004). There are several functions of public relations and they can be categorized into organizational functions and societal functions. Some of the organizational functions of PR are: media relations; employee relations; and community relations. "PR specialists must understand the attitudes and concerns of community, consumer, employee, and public interest groups and establish and maintain cooperative relationships with them" (Bureau of Labor Statistics, 2006).These functions are organizational because they maintain goodwill between the organization and consumer by providing information on how the organization contributes to the overall well-being of the community.
Public relations practitioners are often described as an organization’s voice, positioning messages in the media to ensure the organization is perceived as beneficial, relevant, and credible. According to Zoch and Molleda (2006), this role is defined as “media relations” and is a pivotal aspect of the public relations profession. Two theoretical frameworks, agenda setting and framing are at the core of effective media engagement. Agenda setting is the process determining which social issues dominate public discourse, and framing is the way each issue is presented to the public (Dearing & Rogers, 1996; Hallahan, 1999). First, public relations practitioners use agenda setting to garner media coverage for its organization and its stakeholders