The role of law reform has responded rather effectively to a certain extent in protecting the rights of consumers. This is evident in the legal responses introduced to address issues of credit, marketing innovation and technology. These law amendments has effectively increase the protection of the rights of consumers to a certain extent, however loopholes still exist. Due to the increasing range of goods and services continues to grow and the failure of existing laws, the role of law reform has been significant in protecting the rights of consumers. Consumer laws were created to prevent deceitful activities, or unfair business practices, as well as serving a protection for weaker parties who are unable to protect themselves. However, laws were later reformed to enable customers to transact with confidence and protect suppliers, consumers from inappropriate business conduct and to reflect changed community values and circumstances. A credit transaction is when a consumer purchases a good or service and pays in the future. The use of a credit card can be useful as it is convenient, saving time and trouble. However, due to the extensive use of credit cards in Australia, legal issues has arisen such as the inability for consumers to repay their debts, unfair contract terms and inadequate procedures of credit providers. Prior to 1996, the Credit Act 1984 (NSW) was introduced as the only piece of legislation that regulated customer credit. However, because it only offered protection for less than 20% of consumers, the Consumer Credit Code was established in 1996 under the Consumer Credit (NSW) Act 1995 (NSW). This code is a set of uniform national rules about consumer credit transactions and has been adopted by all governments throu... ... middle of paper ... ... and penalties may apply if they breach the law. This is evident in the case of 24 x 7 Direct Pty Ltd, where the company was penalised with a fine of $8800 for breaching the legislation. Therefore, the role of law reform is fairly effective in protecting the rights of consumer, but it is the consumer’s awareness to register the telemarketer’s number, leading to why it is effective. The role of law reform has been exceedingly significant and effective in protecting the rights of consumers. The amendments and reforms made to the failure of existing laws have certainly increased the protection for consumers, improving access and awareness, however loopholes still exist that detracts from the overall effectiveness of the legal system in protecting consumers. Therefore, indicating that further reforms are required to improve the effectiveness of the legal system.
The First Crusade was called in 1096 by Pope Urban II. The reasons for the First Crusade was to help obtain Jerusalem known as the holy land. During this time period the Muslims were occupying Jerusalem. First Crusade contained peasants and knights’ whose ethnicities consist of Franks, Latin’s, and Celts which were all from the western part of Europe. To get peasants and knights to join Pope Urban II objectives in return of a spiritual reward called “remission of all their sins” which was to be redeemed of any sins the individual has committed. When sins are redeemed Crusaders believed that they will escape the torment of hell. When lords and knights joined the crusade they were known as military elites. Crusaders were known as soldiers of Christ.
This essay will examine key aspects of the recent implementation of the Australian Consumer Law (ACL) 2011, which is the largest overhaul in Consumer Law in Australia in the past twenty five years. The ACL replaces 20 existing State and Territory laws into one national law , the legislation was enacted in two main parts as Schedule 2 of the renamed Trade Practices Act 1974 (Cth) (TPA) - Competition and Consumer Act 2010 (Cth) (CCA) . Aforementioned this essay it will outline the key benefits of the implementation of the act. Furthermore it will critique the Act, whilst exploring the objectives of the legislation.
Reform Judaism started as a response to the Enlightenment that occurred in the late 17th and the early 18th century. The Jewish people needed to determine how to best combine new ideologies with their religious practices. The Jewish people suddenly had a new, non-Jewish world that they could be apart of. Some started to lose interest in religion. The Reform Judaism movement was created to adapt to these changes in society. The movement’s fundamental belief was that religious change is good (Kaplan 183). Platforms were created to define the boundaries for Reform Judaism and show how the Reform Movement is different than the traditional form of Judaism (Meyer & Plaut 195). The Reform movement has undergone many significant changes of their ideologies including Israel and the Halacha. These changes display their core idea of adapting Judaism to the social environments but simultaneously always keeping the Jewish community bound together. These changes are made from 1885 to 1999 with the Pittsburgh Platform, Columbus Principles, and Statement of Principles.
The Australian Consumer Law (ACL) was established to protect consumers in any legal trading activities in Australia. A set of guarantees has also been introduced for those consumers who are acquiring goods and services from Australian suppliers, importers or manufacturers. The guarantees are intended to ensure that consumers will receive the goods or services they have paid for. If they have problems with the products and services they bought, they are entitled for remedies, such as repair, replacement, and refund.
An upcoming Chartist founder in 1832, Henry Hetherington had quoted that the ‘Reform Act was never intended to do you one particle of good.’ Opinions like Henry Hetherington’s after the passing of 1832 Reform Act eventually led to the emergence of Chartism as a national movement in 1837, who were predominately working class and depicted the ‘Great ‘Reform Act of 1832 as a betrayal and a failure, rather than being ‘Great’. The Reform Act was hoped by many to be a ‘remedy’ for many of those from the lower end of the social classes and finally a chance for them to get their voices heard by the government through enfranchisement, however many thought they were ‘deceived’ by it when it was passed. On the other hand, Historians have contended
The Australian Consumer Law ensures that regulations are put in place to regulate fair-trading between businesses and consumer. It is a national law that guarantees what the rights consumers have when buying goods and or services. For instance in the Australian Consumer Law ‘Chapter 2- General protections Part 2-2 Unconscionable conduct ‘ person must not, in trade or commerce, engage in conduct that is unconscionable, within the meaning of the unwritten law from time to time’. Unconscionable conduct allows the parliament to regulate the way in which businesses do trading and makes them more accountable for their conduct. Unconscionable conduct ensures the interaction between a dominant and weaker party, which directly allows the parliament to prevent businesses using their power over weaker/disadvantaged members within society to sell products or services. Commercial Bank of Australia v
The article "Not to Punish But to Reform': Juvenile Delinquency and Children's Protection Act in Alberta” was written by Dr. Rebecca Coulter. This article was originally published in Studies in Childhood History: A Canadian Perspective in 1982. I accessed this article from the textbook Social Welfare Policy in Canada: Historical Readings by Raymond Blake and Jeff Keshen.
In the Spring of 1949, Alfred Bloomingdale, Frank McNamara, and Ralph Snyder came up with a new plan for a modern type of credit card. While out to lunch one day in New York, the President of the New York Credit Card Company Frank McNamara had forgotten his wallet at home (Evans 53) . He had a thriving business yet credit cards at the time were only given to selected people. The first modern credit cards was introduced by Diners Club Inc. because of this. The modern day credit card is a small, plastic, rectangle, more than three inches. There is an account number and a name that is embroidered on the front. The first credit card did not look much like what credit cards look today. They were made out of paper not plastic, and they weren’t cards they were a lot like a tiny booklet that had all the same information the modern day credit card has now(Weiss 38). The modern day credit card can carry up to a $200 line of credit meaning you can buy anything you want at that certain time and pay it back at a later date such as months or a year after that time. Some companies require you to pay the full amount of your charge on the card at once, but some allow you to pay in small amounts. In order to apply for a credit card you must be at least eighteen years of age and if you are not you must have an adult sign the paperwork to apply for one. Prior ...
It was Ayers and Braithwaite’s belief that when using this model regulators and regulators should focus the majority of their time on the bottom of the pyramid and only intensify measures when absolutely necessary and de-escalate procedures whenever possible. In the UK, legislation in place combating prohibited commercial practices between traders and traders is the Consumer Protection from Unfair Trading Regulations 2008 (CPRs). The CPRs introduced broad prohibitions on commercial practices that were considered unfair to consumers. The prohibitions cover misleading but also aggressive commercial practices. The overseers of these regulations are the Office of Fair Trading (OFT) and trading standards.
Law reform is a crucial aspect of the Australian legal system due to its operation significantly contributing to the types of laws that are in effect at any time in society. The following report delineates the definition of law reform, the conditions that give rise to law reform, the agencies of law reform, the mechanisms of law reform, as well as the law reform process. It divulges these main aspects regarding law reform as a whole and incorporates a case study to further the salience of this particular feature to the functionality of the legal system.
To say our judicial system is flawed is an understatement. Even with that being said, there is plenty of room for improvements. To run and operate a prison cost tax payers entirely too much money. This money could go towards many other things that could help out our society as a whole. For example, we could build better schools or even set up more funding for daycares or something along those lines. In order to accomplish some of these options, our judicial systems has to make some reforms to how it operates.
William O. Douglas said, "Common sense often makes good law." Well that is what laws essentially are, rules and regulations that make sure common sense is followed. One could even say that laws are enforced ethics. Laws serve several roles and functions in business and society, and this paper will discuss those roles and functions.
Socio-legal is the combination of social and legal factors, mainly looking at the relationship between law and society . In this project, as law students, we must use our legal knowledge and skills in order to work well as a team to plan and carry out events for schools and colleges. The socio-legal role is to use our knowledge and expertise as law students and put them in to action by planning and undertaking successful events. This can be done in a variety of ways, but the main function is to be able to work well as a team/committee in order to gain the best outcome. Dr. Meredith Belbin is famously known for his team role theory where he looks at the different types of people and how they are effective in working in groups/teams. By looking at Dr. Belbin’s research and theory, I can come to a conclusion as to what is needed in order to work effectively as a team.
The introduction of the credit card first came around while the economy was booming in the early 1950’s. American consumers were in buy mode and the credit card was a genius idea to let people buy now and pay later. At first look this idea seemed great but what looks and sounds great does not always mean that it is going to be great overall. Over the years credit agencies have released thousands of credit cards with several questionable polices and high interest rates. “Any given American family in the present day possesses an average of eight credit cards with about 15,000 dollars of debt”(Canner 8). Many consumers have become addicted to wasteful cyclic consumption and living beyond their income due to the ownership of credit cards. The invention and continued implementation of credit cards into the American economic and social systems appears to be the cause of the struggling economy, the weakened U.S. dollar, the sky rocketing prices of gas and grocery store goods, the all-time highs of American debt, and social deprivation in some regions.
The use of credit and debit cards today are taking a tour in the sense that electronic cash is becoming more admissible as the world makes a switch towar...