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Feminism in American Literature
Feminism in American Literature
The feminist lens in literature
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Motherhood and Feminism in the Bean Trees
Joanna Symon
English 11R
Mr. Alfino
May 11, 2015
Symon 1
Feminism is all about equality between men and women. Often times in history woman were discriminated; they had less significant roles in society. After becoming mothers they had to make sacrifices and had fewer opportunities in terms of education and careers. Even in modern society in spite of the technological and scientific advances women's roles haven't changed much. However, some women have broken stereotypes and adversities in order to achieve their goals. In the novel The Bean Trees written by Barbara Kingsolver, feminism and motherhood stands out as significant and paramount themes. The author uses
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In 1988 she wrote The Bean Trees which reflected various events that she experienced in her life or were set in places she lived. The circumstances in which Kingsolver was brought up, played a
Symon 2 major role in the portrayal of the characters in her novels. The major protagonist in this story is Taylor Greer; other supporting characters are Lou Ann, Alice Greer, Mattie and Esperanza.
The theme of feminism is seen throughout this novel. These female characters who faced obstacles in their lives, but still supported themselves without being dependent on the patriarchal figures in their society. In the beginning of the novel the readers are introduced to Taylor Greer, a courageous and self-reliant woman who leaves her hometown Kentucky and moves towards the west to seek better opportunities. Even with less money, an abused and abandoned child and no place to live, Taylor never lost courage. Later on in the novel we are introduced to Lou Ann another woman who breaks the conventional norms of society and chooses not to live with her husband anymore and support her son by
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"Gender in the Bean Trees." McClinton-Temple, Jennifer ed. Encyclopedia of Themes in Literature. New York: Infobase Publishing, 2011. Bloom's Literature. Facts On File, Inc. Web. 27 Apr. 2015
Kingsolver, Barbara. The Bean Trees: pg 22 A Novel. New York: Harper Collins, Copyright 1988.
Kingsolver, Barbara. The Bean Trees: pg 45 A Novel. New York: Harper Collins, Copyright 1988. Kort, Carol. "Kingsolver, Barbara." A to Z of American Women Writers, Revised Edition. New York: Facts On File, Inc., 2007. Bloom's Literature. Facts On File, Inc. Web. 9 May 2015
Snodgrass, Mary Ellen. "Female victims and feminist literature." Encyclopedia of Feminist Literature. New York: Facts On File, Inc., 2006. Bloom's Literature.
Snodgrass, Mary Ellen. "matriarchy and feminist literature." Encyclopedia of Feminist Literature. New York: Facts On File, Inc., 2006. Bloom's Literature. Facts On File, Inc. Web. 24 Apr. 2015
Snodgrass, Mary Ellen. "patriarchy and feminist literature." Encyclopedia of Feminist Literature. New York: Facts On File, Inc., 2006. Bloom's Literature. Facts On File, Inc. Web. 1 May 2015
Snodgrass, Mary Ellen. "single parenting and feminist literature." Encyclopedia of Feminist Literature. New York: Facts On File, Inc., 2006. Bloom's
Abandonment plays a major role in Barbara Kingsolver's novel. It links all the characters together. Once one abandons, or is abandoned, they find someone else. They all help each other grow and become stronger. Even with something as horrible and hurtful as abandonment, hope can be found. Taylor explains it perfectly to Turtle when she talks about bean trees, "'There's a whole invisible system for helping out the plant that you'd never guess was there.' I loved this idea. 'It's just the same as with people. The way Edna has Virgie, and Virgie has Edna, and Sandi has Kid Central Station, and everyone has Mattie" (227-228). Everyone is linked together and each person has someone to help. This whole cycle is caused by abandonment. The Bean Trees by Barbara Kingsolver shows that can be hope and love found in any situation, even in abandonment.
Betty Smith’s novel A Tree Grows In Brooklyn is a tale of poignant family relationships and childhood and also of grim privation. The story revolves around the protagonist of the story, young Francie Nolan. She is an imaginative, endearing 11-year-old girl growing up in 1912, in Brooklyn, New York. The entire story revolves around Francie and the Nolan family, including her brother Neelie, her mother Katie and her father Johnny. An ensemble of high relief characters aids and abets them in their journey through this story of sometimes bleak survival and everlasting hope. As we find out, the struggle for survival is primarily focused against the antagonist of this story, the hard-grinding poverty afflicting Francie, the Nolan’s and Brooklyn itself. The hope in the novel is shown symbolically in the “The “Tree of Heaven””. A symbol used throughout the novel to show hope, perseverance and to highlight other key points.
Around the world there are about 43.5 million mothers. Although being a mother is hard most women have the desire to become one. The Bean Trees by Barbara Kingsolver is about motherhood and relationships with children but it is also about the relationships with friends and me along the way. Barbara Kingsolver uses symbolism, similes, and suspense to convey the important message that Motherhood and good relationships can be the key to happiness.
The Bean Trees written by Barbara Kingsolver narrates the improbable journey of Taylor, a young woman from Kentucky, who quite suddenly finds herself thrust into parenthood to a tormented and abused Native-American baby in Tuscon, Arizona. Along the way, Taylor moves in with a confused and insecure single mother Lou-Ann and feeds off the courage and bravery of her next-door neighbor and employer Mattie. In addition to tackling parenthood, she finds herself immersed in the heartbreaking story of a desperate and despondent Guatemalan couple seeking asylum in the states. At this point in the novel, Taylor and Lou Ann have bonded over their humble Kentucky roots and essentially co-parent their children. Taylor is a calming influence on Lou Ann’s
There were many sacrificial elements that existed in The Bean Trees. Sacrifices that the characters in the novel made for the benefit of others or themselves. These sacrifices played a role almost as significant as some of the characters in the book. Some prime examples of these sacrifices are Mattie’s will to offer sanction to illegal immigrants, the fact that Taylor sacrificed the whole success of her excursion by taking along an unwanted, abused Native-American infant, and Estevan and Esperanza’s decision to leave behind their daughter for the lives of seventeen other teacher union members.
In The Bean Trees by Barbara Kingsolver, three characters in particular undergo a catharsis, each in their own way: Esperanza, Turtle, and Taylor. This paper will focus on Turtle showing the suffering and difficulties,she has undergone and how through a catharsis, this suffering was ameliorated. Turtle is different from the characters in the story because she is in her very early years of development and has already experienced so much suffering and has gone through so much so early on in her youth.
In Barbara Kingsolver’s, The Bean Trees, several of the main characters encountered issues concerning immigration, the American Dream, and racial prejudice. Quite often, these themes parallel events that took place in American history, thus making The Bean Trees a retelling of the story of America.
In 1859, Charles Darwin published his most famous work, On the Origin of the Species by Means of Natural Selection (Encarta 96). This book explained Darwin's theory of natural selection, a process not unlike separating the wheat from the chaff, where the least fit are eliminated, and only the fittest survive. An extension of this theory known as Social Darwinism emerged in the late 19th century. "Social Darwinists believed that people, like animals and plants, compete for survival and, by extension, success in life" (Encarta 96). Under this theory, the individuals who acquire the power and wealth are deemed the fittest, while those of lower economic and social levels are considered the least fit (Griffin Lecture). This appears to be a theory that Barbara Kingsolver sets out to disprove in her novel The Bean Trees. In a review in The Women's Review of Books, Margaret Randall observes that this is a novel not about "middle-class America, but real middle America, the unemployed and underemployed, the people working fast-food joints or patching tires, Oklahoma Indians, young mothers left by wandering husbands or mothers who never had husbands" (Randall 1). Ultimately, it is about survivors -- women such as Taylor Greer who sets out from Kentucky to find a better life and finds responsibility for another life; Mattie whose survival is wrapped up in her role as savior to all in need who enter Jesus Is Lord Used Tires; Lou Ann Ruiz who is afraid of life and in need of finding her strength; and Esperanza whose child was taken from her in a political struggle and who needs to find the will to live -- who pool their resources, both financial and emotional. These women have courage, humor and each other, resou...
Diane von Furstenberg once stated “I wanted to be an independent woman, a woman who could pay for her bills, a woman who could run her own life.” Independence plays a big role in being able to be successful in life. Taylor, a girl that can be described as “different ,” is a person who is a strong believer in doing things by herself. She moved out when she learned how to drive and never went back. She gains a child and soon settles down in Tucson Arizona, where she starts her own life. In the novel The Bean Trees, by Barbara Kingsolver, there are many obstacles Taylor goes through to set the theme of independence.
Nussbaum, Felicity. “Risky Business: Feminism Now and Then.” Tulsa Studies in Women’s Literature 26.1 (Spring 2007): 81-86. JSTOR. Web. 11 Mar. 2014.
The Bean Trees is a novel which shows Taylor’s maturation; it is a bildungsroman story. Taylor is a developing or dynamic character. Her moral qualities and outlook undergo a permanent change. When the novel begins, Taylor is an independent-minded young woman embarking on an adventure to a new world. She has no cares or worries. She is confident in her abilities, and is determined to make it through life on her own. As she discovers new things and meets new people, Taylor is exposed to the realities of the world. She learns about the plight of abandoned children and of illegal immigrants. She learns how to give help and how to depend upon the help of others. As she interacts with others, those people are likewise affected by Taylor. The other developing characters are Lou Ann Ruiz, Turtle, and Esperanza. Together they learn the importance of interdependence and find their confidence.
In the novel, The Bean Trees, by Barbara Kingsolver, we watch as Taylor grows a great deal. This young woman takes on a huge commitment of caring for a child that doesn't even belong to her. The friends that she acquired along the way help teach her about love and responsibility, and those friends become family to her and Turtle. Having no experience in motherhood, she muddles through the best she can, as all mothers do.
When the reader ventures into the life of a Bean, the enter a whole other realm of life and values, away from the common culture that forces certain ideas and ways of life onto you everyday. Carolyn Chute's use of stereotypical characters and defining roles in society was the main element to the creation and execution of her story.
...present powerful characters, while females represent unimportant characters. Unaware of the influence of society’s perception of the importance of sexes, literature and culture go unchanged. Although fairytales such as Sleeping Beauty produce charming entertainment for children, their remains a didactic message that lays hidden beneath the surface; teaching future generations to be submissive to the inequalities of their gender. Feminist critic the works of former literature, highlighting sexual discriminations, and broadcasting their own versions of former works, that paints a composite image of women’s oppression (Feminist Theory and Criticism). Women of the twenty-first century serge forward investigating, and highlighting the inequalities of their race in effort to organize a better social life for women of the future (Feminist Theory and Criticism).
Abrams 1604 - 1606. Peterson, Linda H. "What Is Feminist Criticism?" Wuthering Heights. Ed. Linda H. Peterson, Ph.D. Boston: Bedford Books, 1992.