I was giving the opportunity to write about any lecture that was taught in class. I wanted to pick something that was easy and I enjoying learning about it. It was the rock cycle that caught my eye and attention. Just to learn more about the rock and how the rock was made it interesting. Also in lab I was able to identify the rock itself, what type of rock it was and how was it formed. I am a hands on learner, so it was great for me to able to touch and feel what the rock was made out of. Some rocks were hard while others were soft. Also some had vesicular while others didn’t. Throughout this paper you will learn about the rock cycle, the three basic rock groups, and why there’s a rock cycle. First, the rock cycle. Rock is the most common …show more content…
Those three works are igneous, sedimentary, and metamorphic. In the rock cycle you have arrows that indicate a process that link each group to the others. Also the arrows show that a rock from one group can be transformed to either of the two groups or it can recycled back to its own group. The process is consist of cooling, crystallization, weathering, lithification, metamorphism, and melting. The paths shown in the cycle are not the only ones possible. Others paths are just as likely to be followed as those described in the preceding section. We can observe different paths of the cycle by operating over the …show more content…
The sedimentary rocks that reacts to changing environment, will turn into metamorphic rock. Metamorphic rock are rocks deformed or change from one form to another by intense heart, intense pressure and the action of hot fluids. Due to the effect of the rock it causes recrystallize, fracture, change color and flow. As the rock flows, the flat layers are folded and the mineral crystals are parallel. When metamorphic rock is subjected to additional pressure changes or to still higher temperatures. Because of higher temperatures it causes the rock to melt and create magma. Eventually, it will crystallizes into igneous rock, starting the cycle all over again. Finally, why is there’s a rock cycle. The rock cycle helps us understand the origin of igneous, sedimentary, and metamorphic rocks. It allow us to see each type and how they are linked to the others by processes that act upon and within the planet. This cycle is consider useful overview of physical geology. Also, it is vital part of how the earth is changing constantly and dynamically. Rocks do not stay the same, they are always changing. They are always changing due to never ending rock cycle. In conclusion, I have learned about the rock cycle and how interesting it can be. Most of the rocks that we see every day are a part of this never ending cycle. Some rocks are hard like diamonds while others are soft and crumbly like chalk lumps. Now you have learned about the
Throughout world civilization, numerous empires have dominated geographical areas with powerful military forces, effective rulers and strong economy’s. However, majority of the worlds empires have declined after centuries of dominance. The most significant similarity in all of the worlds empires is the greed of expansion. History has proven this significance to result in the falling of great empires. When empires fall, new ones are established and this is the process known as the dynastic cycle. The dynastic cycle is based off the different dynasties that once ruled China, however, the process can be used with the rise, fall and replacement of other empires. The dynastic cycle has occurred in the once dominant Ottoman empire, that dominated in Europe and the Middle East for nearly 500 years and also the Russian empire (1721-1917).
...e morphed it into the quartzite that is seen surrounding the butte (4). Rocks that undergo this process are called metamorphic rock, which is the same as the rock seen years ago by dinosaurs and other extinct creatures. The quartzite rocks were formerly seafloor sediment that was forced upwards, and then surrounded by lava basalt flows. Once erupted through fissures and floods through out most of the area, lava flow eventually created enough basalt to form a thickness of about 1.8 kilometers (1). All of this basalt flow eventually led to the covering of most mountains, leaving the buttes uncovered. The igneous lava flows and loess is reasons that the Palouse consists of such sprawling hills, and rich soil for farming (2). In result of the lava flows, the Precambrian rock Quartzite was formed. And lastly covered by the glacial loess, which were carried by the wind.
This sedimentary rock has hardened over the many years with sand shells, small pebbles, grains of sand and rocks of various sizes. In comparison to our 4.5 billion year old Earth, these sand shells might as well be brand new, when in reality they could be up to 1,000 years old. If the sandstone were to be replaced with calcite it would completely change the subclass of rock, it would then be chemical & organic limestone. The variation in sand stone is due to different rates of deposition and change in patterns of the sediment movement (Mc Knight, p. 384). These tightly compacted varying stones and shells will be weathered away by wind and waves over time and could eventually be reduced to a rock the size of your hand.
One of the first people to study the xenoliths at El Joyazo was Zeck (1970); Zeck hypothesised that the xenoliths and dacitic lava of El Joyazo were derived syn-genetically from a semi-pelitic rock through anatexis. The protolith rock was thought to be separated into anatectic restites, represented by Al-rich xenoliths, and anatectic melt, represented by the dacitic lavas. The xenoliths were classified into three types: (1) almandine-biotite-sillimanite gneiss, (2) quartz-cordierite gneiss and (3) spinel-cordierite rock. Types 1 & 2 were interpreted as restite material as their structure corresponded to that of migmatitic restite, and type 3 as re-crystallised restite. It was suggested that this re-crystallisation would have taken place after that anatexis that produced types 1 & 2. Zeck described the lava, based on chemical composition, as an almandine bearing biotite-cordierite-labradorite rhyodacite. The xenoliths were described as well rounded fragments up to 40cm in diameter. The xenoliths were said to show a well developed foliation defined by biotite and sillimanite, with the exception of the spinel-cordierite rock, which exhibited a granoblastic texture. It was also noted that quartz is almost completely absent from these rocks with the exception of small, rare armoured relicts.
1st ed. Edinburgh: Edinburgh UP, 2004. A 1. The sandstone of B Plate 2.. C Plate 3..
At the base there is a dry creek bed of granite that has been cut by a series of fractures. Fine black rock along these fractures is called gouge. Fault gouge is comprised of little pieces of rock that was ground upward when the fault moved. Once you go up the trail and climb past the trees to the large space of bare rock, you are on the exfoliation dome. At this point you can examine the “coarse-grained porphyritic granite that makes up the majority of Enchanted Rock”. As you examine the surface, you will see how the granite magma cut into the surrounding rocks. When this occurred over a billion years ago, the magma was a combination of very hot liquid and crystals. Once you reach the mid-point of the climb you can see to your right a boulder-covered granite hill known as “castle tor”. An area on the rock that looks like a line down the slope is called an aplite dike. Several of these cut the rock; these consist of fine-grained granite with a sugary texture and minimal biotite. Dike describes the crack where molten rock has been inserted. As you climb up the front, a section of rock has a texture change. This appears to be a Ductile Shear Zone, a long narrow change that has a more fine grain consistency.
Having loved to study rock fragments under her microscope as a child, Tarbell especially enjoyed showing her students the scientific process in lab work. From science, she learned the importance of gathering sound facts before drawing conclusions.
Natural stone arches are geological formations that occur when rock is exposed to substantial amounts of erosion , which over time forces the rock into the shape of an arch. Stone arches are among the most diverse of rock formations, not only because of the large area where they are known to be found, but also their complex ways of forming. Although many factors contribute to making natural stone arches so enthralling, one key role keeps and hones our constant attention: each and every stone arch every formed will fall. Despite the things we do know about stone arches, they are continuously changing and teaching us new things about them as well as the world around us.
regions of the earth can indicate which rock layer is older than the other. Trilobite fossils
Guisepi, Robert A. "The Stone Age." International World History Project. N.p., Jan. 2007. Web. 16 Mar. 2014. .
The geologic history of the Rocky Mountains has come about as an aggregation of millions of years. Briefly speaking, the formation of the Rockies transpired from hundreds and millions of years of uplift by tectonic plates and millions of years of erosion and ice have helped sculpt the mountains to be what we see today. The majority of the rocks that make up the Rocky Mountains began as simple shale, siltstone, and sandstone accompanied by smaller amounts of volcanic rock which formally built up for approximately 1.8 to 2 billion years in the ancient sea. By 1.7 to 1.6 billion years, these sedimentary rocks got caught in the zone of collision between parts of the earth’s crust and its tectonic plates. The incredible heat at the core of the mountain range then recrystallized the rock into metamorphic rock by the heat and pressure of the collision forces. Eventually, the shale would be transformed into both schist and gneiss. It is believed that granite found in the Rocky Mountain parks came from pre-existing metamorphic rock created shortly after the formation of the earth. Ultimately, the high mountains of the period were slowly eroded away to a flat surface exposing metamorphic rocks and granite. This process occurred around the period of 1,300 to 500 million years ago. This flat surface would become covered with shallow seas and rocks from the Paleozoic period and would be deposited and eventually cover the surface. There is...
The first misconception, that all rocks are formed the same and are composed of the same materials was put to rest when we explained to students that sedimentary rocks are formed from by pressure and time and are made up of many types of materials such as mud, sand, pebbles, bones, etc. This became more concrete for the students when we had them create their own rock out of different sediments (starbust and sour patch kids). This also put to rest the other misconception that the streaks on the rock are just its color and nothing else. The students realized by applying pressure to the starburst and having it form into one that the streaks were the result of the different sediments forming
Geodes are those rocks, upon a first glance they seem very ordinary, but as soon as you crack them open you are exposed to another experience entirely. I as well seem very ordinary when looked upon from the outside. Once you get to know me and explore what I am like, I reveal extraordinary qualities. Other rocks like coal seem useless and black in appearance, but are used to light the world and give warmth to those in
Chemical Weathering is when water weakens the structure of the rock and Mechanical Weathering is where water seeps into the rock face causing fragments of rock to break off.
At the very dawning of the science of historical geology, James Hutton developed views on the earth’s geologic processes and ow they affect the planet unlike any other scientist before him. His idea that the planet’s processes revolved in a cyclic fashion were the cornerstone of uniformitarianism. Although he did not coin the phrase himself, an honor bestowed upon William Whewell, he did form the basic idea that the history of the earth can be explained by what is happening now.