INTRODUCTION
Concepts from social psychology are helpful in understanding the relationship of recreation and leisure to holistic health. Biopsychosocial health is a state characterised by the combination of biological wellness, and ‘integrative well-being’ which includes both social and spiritual health (Heintzman & Patriquin, 2012, pp. 160-161). One approach to examining social psychological phenomenon is ‘psychological social psychology’ , (PSP), (Stryker, 1977, as cited in Kleiber, Walker & Mannell, 2011, p. 12). This approach looks at both the interactions between individual internal states, (i.e. emotion, perception, attitude, desire, and personality), as well as situational, social, and environmental influences (Kleiber et al., 2011, p. 12). PSP examines environments and human interactions and relationships and their effects on the individual (Iso-Ahola, 1980, p. 23) and vice-versa (Kleiber et al., 2011, p. 12). Therapeutic leisure professionals may apply social psychology concepts in the study of recreation and leisure behaviour and how individuals influence and are affected by different types of leisure activities and
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144), (Bandura, 1977, p.191). Self-efficacy has been shown to be one of the strongest interpersonal constraints and barriers to leisure participation (Samdahl, 2013, p. 111). Fear of failure is not only a dominant psychological barrier to recreation and leisure, but also to integrative well-being and personal change. Perceived self-efficacy is the underlying foundation of human agency, (Bandura, 1977, p. 214), a sense of purpose, and hope. Unless people believe they can create desired effects by their actions, producing incentive or motivation to act is almost unachievable. Thus perceived self-efficacy is a major contributor to participation in therapeutic leisure and in every stage of the
My own personal philosophy of leisure has been shaped by past and present activities I do for leisure and why I do them. To me, leisure is the sense of being free from external stressors that I face in my life such as school or work. The positive outcomes from partaking in leisure are generally overlooked and often underestimated. Leisure affects our emotions, our physical and mental health, and aids in the creation of relationships. In my own personal life, I have done and still participate in leisure as a way to sooth myself or unwind from the stress of school or work. The release of pent up emotions and energy for individuals helps their relationships with others and their overall health as well. When stress is released, an individual is
Have you ever notice that every day the body goes through some type of Physical Fitness? Well it does, in fact it’s a natural achievement without facing much of prostration. Mental wellbeing is a basic factor for living a good life, a complex angle of the overall state of health. To be accurate, self-esteem and life’s pleasure are conductive state of mind that commit to having a mentally healthy approaching towards others.
How Self-Efficacy and Locus of Control Influence Personal Behavior, Personal Perceptions, and Society in General
At work there is a nearby park directly across the street and when I am feeling stressed, over my lunch break I often take a walk through it. Once, I began to take a walk to decrease the feeling of stress, I was quickly distracted by the children playing basketball and skateboarders performing dangerous tricks without wearing any safety gear. These activities I saw along my walk did not help reduce the feeling of stress but temporarily occupied my attention away from the stress itself. As a result, once lunch was over the feeling of stress returned as I headed back to work. Surprisingly, I did not experience the same feeling of self-efficacy that I had cultivated at Lake Calhoun. Self-efficacy is “an individual's belief that he or she can master a situation and produce positive outcome”
The purpose of therapeutic recreation is to enable all individuals to achieve quality of life and optimal health through meaningful experiences in recreation and leisure. In this paper the definition of therapeutic recreation will be discussed as well as what should be included in the definition and what should be rejected. This definition will mainly focus on health and use the Health Promotion Model to further explain my choice to focus on health and well-being. I will also be discussing the importance of inclusion in therapeutic recreation for different learning styles in many environments, and the significance of diversity in the community and what we hope to achieve by being fully inclusive.
Cultural, societal and technological movements in America defined leisure as we know it today. All facets of life including religion, education and government played a part in shaping modern leisure. Several events in particular played a major role: the philosophical views of ancient Greece, the shifts in religious beliefs during the Protestant Reformation, the major technological advancements of the Industrial Revolution, and the overall rapid growth of society during the early 1900s. Through these events, leisure played drastically different roles but its significance was apparent and we can still feel its influences today.
Throughout my adult life, my passion has been to help others. I have always been driven to make the world we live in a better place, even if it is just for that one person. My passion and drive have been the influencing factors in my personal history, my interest in Therapeutic Recreation and my academic and career goals.
Locke, Edwin A. (1997). Self-efficacy: the exercise of control. Personnel Psychology, 50 (3), 801-804. Retrieved May 2, 2011, from ProQuest Psychology Journals. (Document
Bandura, A. (1977). Self-efficacy: Toward a Unifying Theory of Behavioral Change. Psychological Review, 84, pp191-215.
It seeks to help in reducing or eliminating obstacles to achieving a satisfying and meaningful leisure experience. In addition, leisure education helps to develop the participant leisure repertoire skills and interest in leisure activities and a great social network of friends. It gives the participants the opportunity to effectively and successfully utilize their leisure time to be actively involved in leisure activities in their homes or community setting. For incorporating leisure education into a recreation program first I would conduct an assessment to get a sense of the participant’s leisure interest, past and present experiences, barriers to leisure, skills etc. Based on the information gathered, I would plan goals and objectives for the participant and the n implement this plan. After which, I would conduct an evaluation to see if the goals and objectives were met as well as which ones may need a different plan of
The concept of self-efficacy is grounded in Bandura’s (1977) social learning theory. Bandura (1994) defines perceived self-efficacy as “people’s beliefs about their capabilities to produce efforts” (p. 71). In essence, one having strong self-efficacy experience increase in motivation, accomplishment, and personal well-being ( Bandura, 1994). Those with a low sense of self-efficacy, on the other hand, often suffer stress and depression; unbelieving of their capabilities and often succumbed to failure (Bandura, 1994).
Throughout our healthy brains, healthy bodies course so far, we have learned time and time again about the strong and important relationship between our brains and our bodies. Health and wellness is not one single thing, it is a collection of practices, attitudes and ways of being in the world, which help us cultivate the best form of ourselves. Finding and understanding the ways in which we can best take care of ourselves, and then applying them, gives us the opportunity to improve our physical, cognitive, mental and emotional wellbeing. Embodying our healthiest selves helps not only us, it helps those around us by providing a positive example about how to exist within our own bodies, and exist within the world. Throughout this paper, we will
The study of leisure and recreation exist to improve the quality of people’s lives. Leisure is a key part of our lives. When we involve ourselves in leisure activities that satisfies us. We improve in creativity and self-control through these activities. We also get the sense of freedom, achievement and confidence. Leisure gives us the opportunity to enjoy new experiences and develop new skills. In the field of study of leisure and recreation, it focuses on the variety of recreational activities. Those activities that are involved in leisure tend to be rewarding to one’s health and the community. Leisure activities are chosen by every individual, the activities can be done where people feel more comfortable with people you enjoy surrounding
Recreation and Leisure activities are in a high critical dimension of quality of life for everyone, including people with developmental disabilities. Sadly, many of those who are disabled are still limited to segregated recreation and leisure choices for any reason or another. Some people will confine themselves to opportunities which include trying a new variety of activities in different settings with different people; here some of the factors that can be affecting: Age, Gender, Sexual Orientation, Racial and Ethnic identity, and Socioeconomic status.
Outdoor recreation is something that everyone needs. Finding that place within yourself that allows you to forget about everything. Whether that be playing with your kids in the nearby park, fishing with your grandfather, hiking with someone or just by yourself you learn something new about yourself. Some people use recreation to forget about something and they use being outside as a calming effect. Williams and Stewart (1998) believe that nature, as a place, creates an emotion bond, has a complex meaning to the person, and that people have this draw back to the place. To get the same feeling that someone would get while doing an activity in nature to simulate Williams and Stewart’s (1998) belief, I recently participated in an