Before the mid-1600s, Government Monarchies looked to expand their colonies for two main motives: to ensure their own political and military power and to create access to markets for various goods. However, during these times Europe called for new regimes and consolidation of territory’s after conflicts such as the Thirty Years War occurred. From 1618-1648 tensions between the German Catholic and Protestant churches ensued thus creating a civil war. The war was mostly fought in Germany, however, it expanded to various European countries such as France, Sweden and Spain. What began as a religious issue soon transformed into constitutional matters because of higher powers using the influence of war to expand their empire. The role of the Thirty
There was a short time where all was calm right after the civil war. king charles the second and his father were both dead so Charles brother took over. this is king James the secondf and he was a Catholic sao he appointed many high positions in the government. Most of his sibjects were protestant and did not like the idea of Catholicism being the religion theyd have to abide by. like his father and brother king james the second ignored the peoples wishes and ruled without Parliament and relied on royal power. an English Protestant leader wanted to take the power away from james and give it to his daughter Mary and Her husband William from the Netherlands. William saled out to the south of england with his troops but sent them away soon after they landed
In the mid 18th century many different powers in Europe were trying to spread their influence and gain global power. However, this was not without difficulty. There were many regional issues that these powers needed to overcome such as economic complications, struggles with native and conquered peoples, and competing with other European powers.
The Inquisition run by Tomas de Torquemada persecuted other religions and was a base of counter-reformation
Prior to the 1650’s, the Dutch Republic was the wealthiest and most powerful province in Holland through Amsterdam, the leading force in trade and banking. Many European nations were jealous of their success and wanted it for themselves which resulted in conflicts between the Dutch and many European powers. As a result, the Dutch Republic entered a period of decline until the Peace of Utrecht of 1713. The expensive wars with England and France, decline in trade and distrust between the Dutch provinces led to challenges in security, unity and prosperity of the Republic.
The new government of United States of America was formed in 1789 and George Washington was elected as America’s first president and John Adams was elected as first vice-president of America. It was the period which America’s first cabinet was formed along with the departments of war, treasury and State. Also, an Attorney Journal was selected. As it was the beginning of the new government, therefore, there were various problems faced by the U.S. government and that lead to many aspects which weakened the systems of the government.
The war started out as a dispute over a declaration by Duke Ferdinand and escalated to a large-scale war between Catholic versus Protestant, Calvinist, and Lutheran religions. While the war began due to religious motivation, the war ultimately ended up being a political tool used to limit the Hapsburg power in Spain. France, a Catholic power, and other anti-Catholic entities throwing their support behind Gustavus Adolphus, who was a deeply religious Protestant fighting the largely Catholic Spain. This led to a division of the Holy Roman Empire and left Germany divided as Sweden, France, and the Catholic Church carved out their territories through political means to increase their own party’s
King Charles the Second, to gratify some nobles about him, made two great grants out of that country. These grants were not of the uncultivated wood land only, but also of plantations, which for many years had been seated and improved, under the encouragement of several charters granted by his royal ancestors to that colony. Those grants were distinguished by the names of the Northern and Southern grants of Virginia, and the same men were concerned in both. They were kept dormant some years after they were made, and in the year 1674 begun to be put in execution. As soon as ever the country came to know this, they remonstrated against them; and the assembly drew up an humble address to his majesty, complaining of the said grants, as derogatory
During the early 1600s, a series of crop failures termed the "little ice age" wrecked havoc in Europe. This period was quickly followed by the Price Revolution, a massive inflation due to a currency surplus, which destroyed the European economy. Both of these events greatly weakened the current feudal government, allowing absolute monarchs to establish power over their countries. Many of these monarchs took similar paths when gaining power, mimicking each other in their ideas and actions. In the 1600s and 1700s, absolute monarchs similarly grew and consolidated their power by supporting the image of divine right, asserting control over the nobility, and growing their militaries.
European monarchs from the Early Modern Era were indeed justified in their decision to wield complete power over everyone else. Absolute monarchs have proven time and time again that their ruling style greatly benefits their people if done correctly. While many people in today’s society would argue that having an absolute ruler would be an unwise decision, you must take in consideration the fact that they have a bias opinion based of their current government. Rulers like Catherine the Great and Maria Theresa are known for doing great things and that further proves the advantages of establishing a monarchy. Even though absolute rulers are rare now, that doesn’t change the fact that it is every efficient.
Within 1650 to 1713 the Dutch Republic underwent a formidable transformation, which changed its status as a major influence in Europe. The Dutch Republic was a political union of seven provinces that was not only an impressive banking and commercial capital, but the Dutch also had a great navy as well. Additionally, the center of flourishment in the Dutch Republic was Amsterdam, which was the foremost trading and banking center in all of Europe. The changing environment of the late seventeenth and early eighteenth centuries forced the Dutch Republic into a position of conflict and unbalance, which proved detrimental to their country as a whole. One of the first challenges to the Dutch Republic dealt with military and how countries, such as the English, wanted to snatch the Dutch’s profitable sea trade routes for themselves. As a result of military conflicts, the Dutch Republic’s economy decreased as a whole due to the fact that wars burdened the previously flourishing trade routes and wealthy cities. Another challenge to the Dutch Republic was unity and how Dutch cities began to doubt other provinces of loyalty to one another, which destroyed most efforts of unification for retaliation against the countries attacking the Dutch. Overall, the major decline of the Dutch Republic was a great example of when one part of a nation goes down, the rest of the nation followed suit.
Arguably ministers were more responsible than monarchs for the government in England within the context of 1529-1629. There is evidence that they controlled most of the decisions and changes made to the government during this time. Thomas Cromwell made the change of medieval to modern government under the monarch Henry VIII and “…in ten years he changed the face of England” . Also, ministers such as William Cecil, Northumberland and Somerset, all closely advised their monarchs in government decisions as they were young. However, there are also examples of how the monarchs have the responsibility for government, as during Edward IV’s reign, who became more involved in government as he got older, much like Elizabeth I. Also, Mary I took advice
There was tremendous competition between European states for power and wealth. England wanted to limit France in the new world and as time went on, the conflict grew and the French and English colonies got involved as well as the Spanish ones. Both King Williams’s war and Queen Anne’s War ended in a negotiated peace and had little effect on the colonies, but both had accompanying wars in Europe. King William’s was the War of the League of Augsburg in Europe and Queen Anne’s War was the War of the Spanish Succession in Europe. In the eighteenth century, the European states depended on borrowing to fund their wars, but the English were the first not to pay off the debt when the war was over. The English instead just paid the interest on the debt, but as the debt
By it’s end, over 8,000,000 europeans had been killed in the conflict. Most of these death were Germans making the Thirty Years’ War the deadliest German conflict in history until World War II. Perhaps 20 percent of Germany’s total population perished during the war, with losses of up to 50 percent along a corridor running from Pomerania in the Baltic to the Black Forest. Villages suffered worse than towns, but many towns and cities also saw their populations, manufacture, and trade decline substantially (Cowley and Parker, 1996). Most countries waged war between 1618 and 1648 with financial resources that were grossly inadequate. I the end, the result of the war was not worth the price. However, some good came out of the War. European’s for the first time have come together and agreed that fighting wars of religion are stupid and that it’s time that Europe moves pass the Protestant Reformation. This make the Thirty Years’ War the last major religious war in Europe (Richey, 2014).
The Monarchy is Outdated and Expensive Discuss The phrase "the monarchy is outdated and expensive" immediately congers up a republican view. This immediately is wrong, I think this statement can be true without having to believe in abolishing the monarchy. To agree with the statement could be asking for moderate reform, that the monarchy be kept but its budget be cut, or on the other hand, as most people think, it could call for the formation of a republican Britain. I think the monarchy has uses, even though currently there are flaws in the system that critics can easily pick at, I think the monarchy should be kept, yet I do agree that their self proclaimed status and cost to the country are too high. The monarchy as its stands now could be considered out of date.
When one thinks of Britain, perhaps the first thing that comes to mind is the iconic figures of the Royal Family. This hallowed line of descendants makes up the British Monarchy, serving above the people of the Commonwealth under the control of Britain. With such fanfare and dignity come an equally great responsibility. While the structure and ceremonial hype surrounding the British Monarchy has remained nearly unchanged since its creation, the role and powers of Britain's current Monarchy is significantly different.