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The link between rewards and performance influence motivation
Essays on importance of motivational theories
Essays on importance of motivational theories
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Inside an organization, people are expected to their best work. Best work is easier to achieve when there’s the help of motivation. Motivation is one of the important factors to create effective management inside an Organization (Wood et al., 2006). Every person inside a company is motivated by different kind of things. According to Dawson (1986 cited in Thompson & McHugh 2002) motivation is a behavior, which can drive someone to act towards their goal. A motivated person will perform at maximum capacity in their jobs. The sense of purpose and money are the important factors that motivated people the most. Later on, this paper will evaluate the statement that people are doing their best work if they are motivated by a sense of purpose rather than the pursuit of money, and also this paper will cover motivation theories by Maslow and Herzberg.
The term motivation is related with the process that explains how and why human behavior is directed and affected (Latham, 2007). Sasone, Carol and Harakiewicz (2000) stated that there are 2 types of motivation, intrinsic and extrinsic. Intrinsic motivation was described as a motivation which dependent on internal factors such as the desire to work hard and the satisfaction of accomplishing something (Wood et al., 2006). For example, an employee was motivated to become employee of the month, so he always submits his work before the deadline. On the other hand, extrinsic motivation was described as a motivation that depends on external factors such as money. Someone can be classified as extrinsic motivated if he/she was satisfied with external factors (Osterloh & Frey, 2000 p.539). Deci (1975 cited in Latham, 2006), believe that external factors such as money have negative effect on behavior. Deci also believed that if someone perform activities based on external factors, they will have less and less motivation towards the activity, however if they were not driven by external factors, they will tend to be in control and hence intrinsically motivated (Cited in Latham, 2006). From Deci’s statement, it can be concluded that external factors can reduce intrinsic motivation. However, Bandura (1977) argued the statement that intrinsic motivation was only affected by internal factors. Bandura stated that it is almost impossible to find situation where the presence of extrinsic factors are none. An expert named Locke (1990) was disagreeing Deci’s concept about intrinsic motivation. Locke noted that Deci hasn’t distinguished the different between liking an activity of its own sake, and liking activity because it makes someone feel challenged.
Have you ever thought about how people become motivated to do things? Maybe you even wonder what motivation really is. Motivation is the desire to do things. Motivation creates a drive that pushes a person close to their breaking point and beyond. It helps an individual reach goals that some couldn’t even imagine of doing. But have you ever truly thought about what motivates people. What really gives people that drive? What empowers people to reach their aspirations? If so you are not alone, a ton of people has thought about what it is the gives people such a drive. Including American psychologist Abraham Maslow. Maslow has created a psychological advanced thinking on what he think inspires people to do such gargantuan complex things. Maslow made a theory, which states that people fulfill needs in stages or levels in life. There are five stages that are divided into basic needs, such as safety, love, and esteem, and growth needs like self-actualization.
In the book “Drive” by Daniel H. Pink, he supports that intrinsic motivation is what is going to help a person achieve in school or in the work field. He states that extrinsic motivation, the reward/punishment doesn't acquire anyone far and doesn't accomplish the job since the student or employee are just waiting to receive a reward for doing things and once rewarded the responsibility of doing the job is done, they just simply wait for the reward, but in the end there is always consequences, and with intrinsic motivation the student or employee
Motivation is to understand what causes behaviour, what starts the behaviour, why a person does something and why the behaviour stops and what are the forces that determine behaviour’s intensity. There are different types of motivation that influences us from day to day and they have different effects from a short term to long term. As human beings we are inspired in different ways to different motivations. There are two main different types of motivations: Intrinsic motivation and Extrinsic motivation. Sciberras (Lecture 2013-2014).
First and foremost, the impact of extrinsic motivation. Extrinsic motivation arises from environmentally created reason (incentives or consequences) to engage in action or activity. Leigh Anne and SJ were important people who motivate Michael to be a great football player. Michael was a bad football player at first, in order to help Michael get fit SJ conducted a special training while Leigh Anne spends her time watching Michael having his football training. From this small act, they actually motivated Michael to be a good football player. Next, the application of intrinsic motivation. Intrinsic motivation is natural motivation which emerge from psychological need satisfaction that make behavior happen spontaneously and not done for any instrumental
According to Casey et al. (2012) motivation stimulates people to do things with the use of ‘incentives’. Intrinsically motivated behaviour is when a person performs well for his or her own sake. Whereas extrinsically motivated behaviour is when motivation arises from necessities for security, job and pay (Casey et al, 2012). According to Petroni, A, & Colacino, P (2008), there are thre...
Once stated by Dwight D. Eisenhower, “Motivation is the art of getting people to do what you want them to do because they want to do it.” The aforementioned ideology places an emphasis on an individual’s internal desires, rather than an outside/external force driving the individual’s consciousness (cognitive evaluation.) Therefore intrinsic motivation is one in which an individual 's own desire comes from within; a relentless and genuine passion for an intended goal. On the contrary, when an individual relies on external factors such as, a reward or any other form of external reinforcement, an extrinsic motivation is exhibited. Although society likes to stress the importance in pursuing an internal motivation, in today 's modern world, an extrinsic factor far outweighs an internal desire to accomplish an objective.
1. What is the difference between intrinsic and extrinsic motivation? How do these types of motivation influence an individual’s ability to be successful?
An intrinsic motivation is characterized as a motivation for the sack of doing it. There is no external reward for completing the specific task in intrinsic motivation. The motivation come from the person 's desire to complete the task because they know the task itself is rewarding enough. An internal motivation differs slightly from intrinsic motivation. Internal motivation is strictly from the desire and willingness of the person to complete the task. External motivation is a motivation factored by outside influences. Whether the outside influence is negative or positive, the motivation comes from money, grades, awards, tokens, criticism, or punishments.
Theories of Motivation What is the motivation for this? According to the text, motivation is defined as a set of factors that activate, direct, and maintain behavior, usually toward a certain goal. Motivation is the energy that makes us do things; this is a result of our individual needs being satisfied so that we have inspiration to complete the mission. These needs vary from person to person as everybody has their individual needs to motivate themselves.
Research has shown that motivation in an employee is an important factor which determines his performance. Motivation is the “driving force within individuals” (Mullins, 2007, p. 285). It is the concerned with finding out the reasons which shape and direct the behaviour of the individuals. The people act to achieve something so that they can satisfy some needs (Gitman and Daniel, 2008). It is important for the manager to understand this motivation of individual employees in order to inspire them and devise an appropriate set of incentives and rewards which would satisfy the needs that they have individually (Kerr, 2003). Once these needs are expected to be met in return for some specific behaviour or action, they would work more diligently to have that behaviour in them and to achieve that objective (Meyer and Hersovitch, 2001). Since it would lead to early and fuller achievement of the company objectives as the individual would work more diligently, it would lead to better organizational performance (Wiley, 1997).
Intrinsically motivated behaviors are those that one does for enjoyment of the activity itself. There is no external reward for these behaviors, and it is seen as a prototype for autonomous behaviors. Extrinsically motivated behaviors are those that one does to illicit a direct consequence. In some cases, one might behave a certain way to avoid punishment, or alternatively, to receive a reward. Most people are extrinsically motivated to go to work every day. There are four different types of extrinsic motivation: External, introjected, identified, and integrated. For certain activities, Amotivation can occur, which usually has negative effects. This occurs when people’s needs aren’t being satisfied by whatever they are doing. Each of the types of motivation can be located on The Self-Determination
According to Robert E. Quinn(p.205) there are two types of motivation (extrinsic and intrinsic). Extrinsic motivation refers to the source of motivation in which the behavior concern external factors such as money, praise or rewards. Whereas intrinsic motivation is the behavior which is internally concerning an individual.
In daily life, we need motivation to improve our performance in our job or in studies. Motivation is an internal force, dependent on the needs that drive a person to achieve. In the other words, motivation is a consequence of expectations of the future while satisfaction is a consequence of past events (Carr, 2005). We need to give reward to our self when we did correctly or we has achieve our target. Reward is something that we are given because we have behaved well, worked hard, or provided a service to the community. Theories of motivation can be used to explain the behavior and attitude of employees (Rowley, 1996; Weaver, 1998). The theories include content theories, based on assumptions that people have individual needs, which motivate their action. Meanwhile according to Robbins (2001), motivation is a needs-satisfying process, which means that when a person's needs are satisfied by certain factors, the person will exert superior effort toward attaining organizational goals. Schulze and Steyn (2003) affirmed that in order to understand people’s behavior at work, managers or supervisors must be aware of the concept of needs or motives which will help “move” their employees to act.Theories such as Maslow (1954), McClelland (1961), Herzberg (1966) and Alderfer (1969) are renowned for their works in this field. The intrinsic reward or also be known as motivators factors is the part of Herzberg motivation theory. Motivators are involve factors built into the job or the studies itself such as achievement, recognition, responsibility and advancement. Hygiene factors are extrinsic to the job such as interpersonal relationship, salary, supervision and company policy (Herzberg, 1966. There have two factors that are called hygiene fac...
Motivation is an important function in organizations to motivate their employees for their ability to perform well, improving their skills, increasing productivity, job satisfaction and employee extension. Employees also are not a machines that we could just program their task in their brain and they will do it automatically, they require motivation to actually do their job properly. And so, after discussing the process models of the Maslow’s “Hierarchy of needs”, Douglas McGregor theory X and Y, and also the Herzberg’s “two factor motivation hygiene theory.” understanding the ways of motivating people, the human nature, and the substance of nature. I believe that the true motivation can only come from within and also managers can actually motivate all of their employees.
People’s behaviour is determined by what motivates them. The aim of this essay is to discuss the essence of the motivation and psychological strengths, its evolution, a brief overview of the key theories of the employees’ motivation and behaviour analysis. The main task is to understand how motivation affects employee behaviour and to clarify the importance of motivation. In this essay I will discuss and produce definitions and examples to answer the main question of what is the driving force and how do people’s needs influence performance at work?