Wait a second!
More handpicked essays just for you.
More handpicked essays just for you.
Theories of causation of crime
Essay on theories of crime
Theories of crime in human society
Don’t take our word for it - see why 10 million students trust us with their essay needs.
Recommended: Theories of causation of crime
Crime is a fascinating component of any society. As tragic as the consequences may or may not be, there are many questions that arise when a crime occurs; particularly why do certain people commit the crimes that they commit? This week’s assignment somewhat touched upon that question by presenting three longitudinal studies (The Denver Youth Study, The Pittsburgh Youth Study & The Rochester Youth Study) that looked at the cause of crime amongst juvenile youth. The goal of these studies was to analyze causes as well as possibly identify correlations.
In summary the findings of each of the three studies identified that
“Between 14 and 17 percent of the youth were habitual offenders who accounted for 75 to 82 percent of the incidence of criminal violence.” (Lozada 2012)
Each of the studies commonly identified that most juvenile youth had a pattern of deviant and problematic behavior due to poor
…show more content…
The difference between each of the studies involved was the gender of the participants used. The Pittsburgh Study in particular only used male participants, while the other studies used some females (Lozada 2012). Mainly the participants amongst all three studies were male and I think it throws off the results. This ties into the weakness of the study because again the results aren’t quite representative. The strengths of the study come from the fact that each of the studies covered all basis for getting to know each the participants. The researchers were able to get accurate readings of each individual to be able to draw the conclusions that were drawn. If I were conducting this study, I would employ the same method to study the participants except I would’ve tried to make the sample of participants more representative and
Many theories concerning the causes of juvenile crime focus either on the individual or on society as the major contributing influence. Theories centering on the individual suggest that children engage in criminal behavior because they were not sufficiently penalized for previous delinquent acts or that they have learned criminal behavior through interaction with others. A person who becomes socially alienated may be more inclined to commit a criminal act.
Recently, there has been a rise in criminal activity amongst the youth in Columbus Georgia. The percentage of juvenile criminals increased by almost 9.5% in the year 2012-2013(Chattahoochee Valley Struggles with Black on Black Crime). Many of the crimes committed involved adolescents as young as fifteen, and have become increasingly more violent. In 2012 a sixteen year old woman was shot and killed by her eighteen year old boyfriend, a few months later a nineteen year old boy was shot while walking to his home. (Chattahoochee Valley Struggles with Black on Black Crime). Due to the overwhelmin...
There are many crimes committed by teenagers every year. Crimes that are committed by teens each year are mainly assault, bullying, gang violence, and physical fights. According to National Youth Violence Prevention Resource Center, about 1 and 9 murders are from kids that are under 18 (Center, 2001). In 1998, there were approximately 2,570 among youth aged 10-19. Every day there are at least 7 children murdered in the United States (Center, 2001). Statistics say that between 16%-32% female teenagers have committed a crime before the age of 17. Also 30%-40% male teenagers have committed a violent crime before they turned 17 (Center, 2001). Teenagers that commit crimes are the ones who were abused or bullied as a...
“The number of under-18s convicted or cautioned over violent offences rose from 17,590 to 24,102 - an increase of 37 per cent” Telegraph, Leapmen. Youth crime has increased drastically over the years as it can be seen from the statistics given above in 2008 on the telegraph newspaper. Youth crime has been an issue for a long time now; however it is becoming a major issue as it is only getting worse with how many youngsters are committing crime as well as the seriousness of the youth crimes is increasing. Criminologists as well as sociologists try to find out the main reason behind children turning to crime and have managed to come up with a few theories as well as good reasons to why many children would consider committing crime. (Source 1)
The youth justice system’s functions are to not only regulate the laws and ramifications of crime in the youth population, but to rehabilitate and reintroduce these juveniles into society. Of the three criminological explanations that can shape a juvenile justice system; individual, situational and social structural, social structural implications is by far the most effective ideology in shaping a modern youth justice system. Shaw and McKay (1942) emphasize in their studies that youth deviance is strongly linked to the social structure they belong to. In support of this theory, Cunneen and White (2011) state that crime is a social phenomenon that can not be directly connected to a person’s individual or personal biology. With that being said, there are a number of theories that can be best used to construct a youth justice system from a social structural angle, including; social strain or social disorganization, social bonds and differential association theories. Each of these theories, from their own theoretical angle, can provide framework and ideologies on how to better the youth justice system in a number of facets in order to target modern youths’ social structural and delinquency struggles.
Mulder, E., Brand, E., Bullens, R., & Van Marle, H. (2010). A classification of risk factors in serious juvenile offenders and the relation between patterns of risk factors and recidivism. Criminal Behaviour & Mental Health, 20(1), 23-38. doi:10.1002/cbm.754
McCord, J., Spatz Widom, C. &. Crowell, N. (2001). Juvenile crime, Juvenile Justice: Panel on Juvenile Crime: Prevention, Treatment, and Control, National Research Council (U.S.). Committee on Law. National Academic press: USA
Fear of youth violence is a constant concern by millions of people all over the world. Kids seem to take up more and more space of crimes that are usually committed by adults over the age of 18. "Statistics confirm that more horrendous crimes are being committed by increasingly younger children" (Levine 27). These crimes committed by youth's are caused by many different reasons: Poverty, neighborhoods, schools, parents, and TV, are the main concerns. But what is in most people's minds is what we can do to help prevent this violence. Although there are many different methods for reducing youth violence such as administering harsher punishments and steering kids away from gang influences, the most effective is training in conflict resolution because it gives kids another alternative to fighting. There are many different reasons as to why kids administer violence. Families, neighborhoods, peer groups, television, schools, and your personal factors are the main reasons. According to Joy G. Dryfoos, "Children who demonstrate antisocial behavior come from very non-supportive families at two extremes: either the family is repressive and abusive, or it seriously neglects the child from the early years on" (71). Parental neglect is a strong predictor of violence in a child, and parental rejection is the most powerful predictor. "The closer the child's relationship with his parents, the more he is attached to and identified with them, the lower his chances of delinquency" (Hirschi 71). Neighborhoods and peer groups are also a great influence on kids and their crimes. Growing in an underclass neighborhood is closely related with the risk of delinquency. Not all poor people are criminals, but drugs, guns and poverty are identified as causes o...
Loeber R., and D.P. Farrington. “Serious and violent juvenile offenders: Risk factors and successful interventions.” Thousand Oaks. 1998. First Search. Feb 2007
One of the best strategies for combating juvenile delinquency is adopting developmental crime prevention program. Developmental crime prevention programs aim to lower an individual’s potential of becoming criminal. The theory that guides these types of programs is that criminal and deviant activity is the result of early life experiences and learning. These programs put an emphasis on what causes individuals to commit deviant acts in order to identify ways that this activity can be stopped (Lab, 2014). A key piece to developmental crime prevention programs is identifying risk and protective factors for offending.
L., (2011). A Primer on Crime & Delinquency (3rd Ed.). Belmont, CA Wadsworth Cengage Learning. p. 42. Retrieved November 29, 2017, from https://www.betheluniversityonline.net/cps/default.aspx?SectionID=5980&tabid=
Studies have shown in the past, that some of the main underlying factors that contribute to juvenile delinquency are differential association, peer pressure, socialization, age, mental health and drug/substance abuse. All these independent variables in some way can said to either directly or indirectly influence criminal behavior in juveniles. Other factors like demographics, race, and violent / nonviolent crimes are also taken in consideration at a smaller level. In many of the studies one would think that race would be a main variable but most research has chosen to only consider it as a factor and not as a main variable. When looking at Criminal Juveniles most studies define a juvenile who has committed any crime punishable by the Criminal justice system. Delinquent behavior is also included in most studies, behavior that is outside of the norms of society.
Young adults and teens growing up in poverty can dramatically have affected lives. “Teenagers committed more crimes than other age groups only in high-poverty areas. In the areas where teenagers had as much money as other middle-aged people, they tended to commit fewer violent crimes” (Kirchner). Mike Males discovered this statement in a new study he was working on dealing with poverty and crime, this hence proves that poverty and the living conditions of the youth will affect the crimes they commit. When teenagers grow up in repulsive living conditions they tend to mentally and even physically not be aware of their surroundings and the actions
Loeber, R and Farrington, D (2000). Young children who commit crime: Epidemiology, developmental origins, risk factors, early interventions, and policy implications. Development and Psychopathology, , pp 737-762.
Youth is a term that is often used to describe young people. It is unclear why some young individuals engage in crime. Youth crime plays a large role in the focus of society today, as a concerning issue continually discussed by the media. The articles discussed below identified studies which conducted an attempt to discover the influence of youth crime and what particular circumstances may be impacting the problem. There are conclusive similarities and differences between the two studies, with the main similarity being that they both involve the topic of youth.