I. The obsessive-compulsive’s style of functioning is composed of excessive rigidity, the distortion of their subjective experience of autonomy, and the loss of reality. The obsessive-compulsive is highly resistant to the influences of others due to a restriction of cognition. Suspicious thinking and a loss of reality characterize the paranoid style. Projection is the paranoid persons’ primary defense. Paranoid people are chronically suspicious, contributing substantially to their loss of reality. The paranoid actively scans his environment, searches to confirm his suspicions, and ignores evidence that denies what he suspects to be true. The two styles are much alike; they both have a way of having loss of reality at times II. The hysterical style’s primary mode of cognition facilitates repression. They lack objectivity and experience the general world as romantic, displaying affective liability. Hysterical people are overly subjective and generally view the world with a romantic, sentimental attitude. Their unfocused mode of cognition influences them to construct idealized recollections of people and objects. The impulsive character is a mixed population. This population is included of psychopathic characters, passive-neurotics, narcissistic characters, alcoholics, and substance abusers. Impulsive people typically have few interests, values, and goals. They rarely become emotionally involved with others. Impulsive people experience their behaviors as not completely deliberate and unintentional. Unlike the first two styles, these two are completely different from one another. You have one where they are very nice and have positive attitude towards the world because they block out most bad memories and try to not live in ... ... middle of paper ... ...ath of a loved one, especially a spouse, could mean that there is something wrong with your relationship with them. Seeing them dead can be interpreted as your fear of losing them or they leaving you. Similarly, if you have seen dreams about death of a friend or someone else in the family. VIII. the Oedipus complex occurs during the phallic stage of psychosexual development. a boy's decisive psychosexual experience is the Oedipus complex son–father competition for possession of mother. In third stage of psychosexual development that the child's genitalia are his or her primary erogenous zone; thus, when children become aware of their bodies, the bodies of other children, and the bodies of their parents, they gratify physical curiosity by undressing and exploring themselves, so learning the anatomic differences between the gender differences between boy and girl.
The story of Oedipus the king led to The Oedipus Complex. This is described as, " a desire for sexual involvement with the parent of the opposite sex and a concomitant sense of rivalry with the parent of the same sex" (www.britanica.com).
The oral stage takes place from birth until age 1, which involves the infant’s mouth as the focus of gratification derived from the pleasure of oral exploration of his or her environment and receiving primary nourishment from one’s mother’s breast. In addition to this, the anal phase takes place from age 1 until age 3, which involves the infant’s more erotic zone changing from the mouth to the anus. Finally, the phallic stage takes place from age 3 until age 6, which involves the child’s genitalia becoming his or her primary aphrodisiacal zone. It is in this third infantile development stage that children become aware of their bodies and the bodies of others. They gratify physical curiosity by undressing and exploring each other and their genitals, and so learn the physical and sexual differences between genders. These stages reflect base levels of desire, but they also involve fear of loss and mistreatment. To keep all of this conflict buried in one’s unconscious, Freud argued that one develops defenses: selective perception, selective memory, denial, displacement, projection, regression, fear of intimacy, and fear of death, among
of the biology of behavior in vague terms. The effect of a drug, and the
Obsessive-compulsive disorder (OCD) is a type of anxiety disorder that can be best characterized by the recurrent or disturbing thoughts that are labeled as obsessions. Sometime these obsessions can take on the form of intrusive images or the unwanted impulses. The compulsions can come from the repetitive or ritualized behaviors that a person feels driven to perform on a daily basis. The majority of people with the diagnosis of OCD can have both obsessions and compulsions, but most of the times about 20% have obsessions alone while 10% may have the compulsions alone (Goodman M.D., 2013) . Common types that have been illustrated in individual’s diagnoses with OCD can be characterized with concerns of contamination, safety or harm to themselves, unwanted acts of aggression, the unacceptable sexual or religious thoughts, and the need for symmetry or exactness. While some of the most common compulsion can be characterized as excessive cleaning, checking, ordering, and arranging rituals or the counting and repeating routines activities that are done sometimes on a daily basis multiple times in a day.
The concept of the delusional disorder has both a very short history, formally, but a very long history when one integrates reports and observations over the last 150 years. The term of delusional disorder was only coined in 1977. Manschreck (2000) used this term to describe an illness with persistent delusions and stable course, separate though from delusions that occur in other medical and psychiatric conditions. However, the concept of paranoia has been used for centuries. Originally, the word paranoia comes from Greek para, meaning along side, and nous, meaning mind intelligence (Munro, 1999). The Greeks used this term to describe any mental abnormalities similar to how we use the word insanity. In the modern world, the term reappeared ...
The Obsessive-Compulsive Disorder What is Obsessive-Compulsive Disorder? I’m sure that most everyone has seen different news shows or talk shows where you see the person washing their hands until they bleed, or go back and forth into the house to double, triple, quadruple check something. A person may walk around their house making sure everything is “in its place” and not stop until a level of perfect is reached but often perfection in their eyes is never achieved. Magazines and books need to be parallel to the table they are on and of course the table must be parallel with the rest of the furniture in the room. These are just a few examples of behaviors that are demonstrated when a person has OCD.
Obsessive compulsive disorder (OCD) is an anxiety disorder characterized by intrusive thoughts that produce uneasiness, apprehension, fear, or worry. The acts of those who have OCD may appear paranoid and potentially psychotic. However, OCD sufferers generally recognize their obsessions and compulsions as irrational and may become further distressed by this realization. Obsessive–compulsive disorder affects children and adolescents, as well as adults. Roughly one third to one half of adults with OCD reports a childhood onset of the disorder, suggesting the continuum of anxiety disorders across the life span. OCD may be a result of changes in your body's own natural chemistry or brain functions. OCD also may have a genetic component, but specific genes have yet to be identified. OCD may stem from behavior-related habits that you learned over time. Doctors do not know the exact cause of OCD, factors that may play a role include head injury, infections, and abnormal function in certain areas of the brain and family genes seems to play a strong role. Most people who develop OCD it shows the symptoms by age 30. Often the person carries out the behaviors to get rid of the obsessive thoughts, but this only provides temporary relief. Not doing the obsessive rituals can cause great anxiety.
The child focuses on the genitals, as they discover it is enjoyable. Freud's fourth stage
Always washing your hands? Or perhaps you are always counting things or checking things. Are these actions taking over your life or constantly occupying your mind? Perhaps you have obsessive compulsive disorder (OCD). It was once thought that OCD was rare; however, recently it has been found that 2-3% (or 7 million Americans) of people have OCD. People with OCD are usually diagnosed by between the ages of 20 and 30, and about 75% of those who will develop OCD will show symptoms by age 30. (1) This leads to a couple questions that need to be answered: What is OCD? What causes it, and what is the most effective treatment? These questions will be answered throughout the paper.
According to Freud, sexual desire is the center of everything. Every action we take and every word we speak has an underlying, perhaps subconscious, sexual theme as its driving force. The first stage in Freud's Oedipus Complex is the oral stage. In the example given by Tom Davis, an English professor at Birmingham University, "the child is in a state of sexual bliss: at the mother's breast, receiving nourishment, in a sexual relationship not only with his mother, but, he thinks, the whole world." After the oral stage comes the anal stage: in this stage the child learns that he cannot always do what he wants when he wants to. Eventually the child reaches the genital stage, that is, he becomes aware of his own penis. About this time, he also realizes that girls don't have penises and irrationally concludes that they have been castrated by Daddy to prevent...
The Phallic Stage =) the child learn to differentiate between the male and the female gender and becomes aware of sexuality. He clarified during that stage a child experience the Oedipus complex, meaning that young boys have very strong feelings toward their mother and as a result, they developed jealousy toward their father. They feeling can be so strong that they want to kill their father. The Elektra complex which reveals girl attraction for the father will result in a feeling of distaste for toward their mother.
In this stage, a child starts to become more aware of its genitals and that of others. The phallic stage introduces the “Oedipus complex” in males and “Electra complex” in females. Other psychologists disagree with this stage. The theory of these complexes is the desire to be with the opposite sex parent and eliminating the same sex parent. The Oedipus conflict is a young males desire for his mother and sees his father as his rival, stopping him from being with his mother, henceforth, giving him the desire to take his father out of the picture. However, he is overwhelmed with castration anxiety, which is the fear he has toward his father if his father is to find out and castrates him. This fear forces him to suppress his desire toward his mother, and he then sets out to resolve his castration anxiety problem, which is called identification. To do this, the boy starts copying actions and adopts his father’s behaviors, in a way to identify himself as a man. On the other hand, the Electra complex is where a girl suffers from penis envy where she shifts her attachment from her mother to her father, and in turn, blames her mother for lack of male genitals. The girl hopes that she can have a male child to satisfy her penis envy. Eventually, the phase resolves, and the girl accepts that she doesn't have male genitalia. The phallic stage lasts from three years old till five or six years old. (Stevenson,
Imagine if you couldn’t get your job done because throughout your shift you had to continuously wash your hands. To many people this would be an easy problem but not if you have obsessive-compulsive disorder (OCD). Several little thoughts or rituals irritate a person with OCD daily. There are many factors, symptoms, and treatments regarding OCD.
Obsessive-Compulsive Disorder (OCD) is a mental illness that traps people in endless cycles of repetitive thoughts and behaviors. Pierre Janet described obsessive-compulsive disorder by using the term psychasthenia. Sigmund Freud described obsessions and compulsions as psychological defenses used to deal with sexual and aggressive conflicts in the unconscious mind (Bruce Bower: 1987). OCD is also known as “The Doubting Disease,” because it’s as though the mind doesn’t register when the person does a certain action, which triggers the source of the obsession (USA Today:1995). Unlike most people with anxiety disorders, those diagnosed with OCD are more obsessed with what will happen to others instead of themselves (Edna Foa: 1995). Obsessive-Compulsive Disorder occurs in a spectrum from mild to severe. At some point the person will see the actions or thoughts as unreasonable and senseless. All people have habits and routines, but what makes obsessive-compulsive people different is the fact that their obsessions and compulsions interfere with their daily lives (American Family Physician: 2000). They spend large amounts of time doing odd rituals. The rituals can take hours a day and make the sufferers miserable and doesn’t allow them for much of a business or social life (Harvard Mental Health Letter). At one OCD clinic, many had lost years of work to their symptoms. Seventy-five percent said the disorder interfered with their family lives and thirteen percent had attempted suicide (Harvard Mental Health Letter: 1998). Phebe Tucker, a psychiatrist at the University of Oklahoma Health Sciences Center, explained, the most common obsession is washing hands for fear of contamination. Other acts are counting over and over, checking locks, hoarding items such as newspapers or cartons, repeatedly dressing and undressing, and walking in and out of doorways. The thought and behavior patterns are senseless and distressing. They can make it very difficult for a person to function properly at work, school, or even at home. Obsessions take the form of doubts, fears, images, or impulses. (Harvard Mental Health Center: 1998)
Psychosexual development, or stages, was considered a fixed sequence of childhood development stages, during which the id primarily finds sexual pleasure by focusing its energies on distinct erogenous zones. Sigmund Freud believed that every child had fully matured personalities by the age of six, but had to first endure five stages of development. Each stage had a certain fixation and interest that a child seemed to stay at before they matured to a teenager, and wherever the fixation lied, a problem or condition occurred later. The stages of psychosexual development were named the oral, anal, phallic, latency, and genital stages; all stages were critically important to the development of any person.