The movement of people, food, and manufactured goods across international boarders have a negative impact on public health. I shall take the cardinal points one after the other and explain the negative effects it has on public health.
Movement of People.
The preferred method of human movement across international boarders is traveling by air. According to the Air Transport Action Group, "the world 's airlines carried a total of over 3 billion passengers in 2013" and the International Air Transport Association stated that, " 2.8 billion people travelled by air". Oxford Economics projects significant growth in aviation through 2030, with passenger numbers expected to reach 5.9 billion.
Inside the confined aeroplane there is no method of bringing
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The Movement of Food.
The movement of food is also one of the things that have negative implications on public health. Food is an inevitable commodity in the life of human beings. With globalization, the eating culture of individuals have changed to something more foreign creating the room for importation of food. Food products exported by developing countries lack some standards. In Africa the food market is porous and expired food and unhealthy products are smuggled into the market through its boarders. International food movement is a national security issue because of the fatalities involved when food products are compromised.
Movement of Manufactured Goods.
The movement of manufactured goods also has a lot of implications on public health. In developing countries, the labelling on manufactured goods sometimes are wrong and does not contain the right information of the product so if someone allergic to a chemical in the product which was not labeled uses the product, there can be fatal implications to the person. If such improperly labelled product is moved internationally, it can have negative implications on the public health of
Residents living closest to manufacturing plants and factories reap the most adverse health affect, however, hazardous air pollutants effect the ozone layer which effects everyone.
In our fast pace society, we base everything on time and money. This need to save money and time has transformed the way we see food and purchase food. Food is an essential part of all cultures. It plays a role in every person’s life. The population has the power to choose what we eat and how the food industry is shaped. There are many important questions that we need to ask ourselves in order to keep the food industry in check. These questions are: How do we know our food is safe? What should we eat? How should food be distributed? What is good food? These are simple yet difficult questions.
International passenger traffic to and from Australia in December 2103 was carried by forty-eight international airlines that were in operation in that month, offering seats to over three million passengers. The number of realised passengers represents a growth of 7.8% over the number of booked seats in December 2012 (BITRE, 2014). Passenger utilisation however is on the decline, with December 2013 passenger utilisation being 80.2%, a fall from 82.4% at the same time the previous year (BITRE, 2014).
Pang, T. (2004, October ). Globalization and Risks to health . Retrieved 4 22, 2014, from National Library of Medicine: http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC1299207/
On January 4, 2011 President Obama signed into law The Food Safety Modernization Act (FSMA). This law has shed new light on the safety and security of our food supply. The last update to the food safety laws in the United States was in 1938. The food safety modernization act pays special attention at trying to modernize the food safety policies in the United States in hopes to prevent problems and concerns before they happen. As we all know, most of our food comes from overseas or sometimes from your neighboring state. The food products travel by car, truck, airplane, boat, or even train. We are all very happy to be receiving our bananas from Costa Rica and all of our other fresh fruits and vegetables that are imported into the United States, but we never stop to think about what pathogens are contaminating our produce and other foods on the way over and if they are safe for us to eat. In an article by Neal Fortin, he states that the law also gives the FDA new standards to hold imported foods to the domestic food standards and it also encourages the FDA to establish and develo...
Almost every angle of the food industry can be considered dangerous. It is dangerous to make the food, as a meatpacking job is one that is viewed as having abnormally high risks; however when the food is handed over a counter on a tray or prepared in a family of four’s kitchen, it poses a huge risk to humankind. Foodborne illnesses are all too common and almost everybody has the possiblity of contracting a foodborne illness. These are life threatening diseases that need to be monitored and regulated; therefore the enforcement of government regulations in the fast food industry could potentially save many lives that are lost annually due to the numerous factors that need regulation.
Customers/Consumers were worried about the changes in the market for food and drugs because they no longer had a single clue of what was in their products. Food production was moving from household prepared to general markets. As food markets became more refined due to the improvement of technology. The difficulty in discerning the quality of their product heightened. With new and quicker ways make food, fears of the ingredients that the foods consisted grew. Preservatives and chemicals also instilled a concern to consumers. Health officials, chemists, and other individuals tested and proved the dangers of these new additives.
Although there are many dangers in the world, the necessity of eating shouldn’t be considered something that is dangerous. Bryan Walsh talks about the dangers of eating food in his article, “America’s Food Crisis,” that proves how the food industry has changed dramatically in recent years. Factory farming has become the new way of producing food for America, one that is slowly putting millions of people’s health at risk.
Social Determinants of health is the “conditions in which people are born, live, work and age that affect their health” Healthypeople.gov. (2017). Social Determinants of Health | Healthy People 2020. [online] Available at: https://www.healthypeople.gov/2020/topics-objectives/topic/social-determinants-of-health [Accessed 22 Sep. 2017]. The determinants of health are important because it helps create policies to make changes, as well as improving public health conditions by addressing the different health outcomes an individual can face and improving the need for healthier conditions. Healthy People 2020 organizes the determinants of health in both a social and physical determinant which has an impact on health.
The health of an individual and their communities is affected by several elements which combine together. Whether an individual is healthy or not, is determined by their circumstances and environment.1 To a greater extent, factors such as where an individual lives, their relationships with family and friends, the state of their environment, income, genetics and level of education all have significant impacts on health, however the more frequently considered factors such as access and use of health care facilities regularly have less of an impact.6 Determinants of health is a term which was introduced in the 1970s as part of a broader analysis of research and policy on public health. Researchers argued that there was a lot of attention and too much expenditure on health being dedicated to individuals and their illnesses, and little or no investment in populations and their health. It was decided that public health should be more concerned with social policies and social determinants than with health facilities and the outcomes of diseases.7 The determinants of health include social and economic environment, physical environment and an individual’s behaviour and characteristics. The environment of an individual determines their health, holding responsible an individual for having poor health or acknowledging them for good health is inappropriate. Individuals are not likely to be able to control several of the determinants of health. These determinants that make individuals healthy or not include the factors above, and numerous others.6
Air travel has grown in the past decade. Travel grew strongly for both leisure and business purposes. India will have nearly 800 to 1000 airplanes by 2023, it was estimated by Airbus. In spite of growth between 30 to 50 per cent in Indian aviation industry, losses of approximately 2200 crore is estimated for the current year.
... the Bahrain food control authorities must be in a position to address and counter all the threats to the system identified. For example, the threat faced from the inability to critically analyze the food regulatory agencies could expose the population to unsafe foods. In other words, there are high chances of cross-contamination of food during inspections due to weak inspection services and procedures. Worse still, the government may lack the capacity to bring food-borne diseases under control should they break out. Overreliance on imported food however remains the biggest threat to Bahrain food control system as it implies that the food problems in the countries of origin would be imported into Bahrain. One of the proposed or recommended strategies for Bahrain regarding its food control system is the adoption of an integrated approach to food control activities.
Food safety is an increasingly important public health issue. Governments all over the world are intensifying their efforts to improve food safety. Food borne illnesses are diseases, usually either infectious or toxic in nature, caused by agents that enter the body through the ingestion of food. “In industrialized countries, the percentage of people suffering from food borne diseases each year has been reported to be up to 30%. In the United States of America, for example, around 76 million cases of food borne diseases, resulting in 325,000 hospitalizations and 5,000 deaths, are estimated to occur each year.” (Geneva 2)
The objectives of this essay is to identify and address the global health issues as whole including causes of these issues and impact of these issues. Also it is aim to address the preventive measures to reduce the global issues and report the methods for global health issues identified and understand the global health priorities with regards to major health issues throughout the world.
...ffects on human health. These have high negative effects on low income areas, as a result of pollution, visual, oral and air, as well as high levels of overcrowding. The World Health Organisation predicts that in the next 30years most of the world’s population growth will occur in cities and towns of poor countries. This rapid, unplanned and unsustainable pattern of urbanisation, is creating cities into focal points for environmental and health hazards (World Medical Association, 2010).