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Impacts of racial discrimination
Impacts of racial discrimination
Effects of discrimination on african americans
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Moynihan perceives the inclusive problem amongst the black family to be its structure. This is a product of disintegration of nativism in the black community. The “racist virus” still flowing through the veins of American society hinders, in virtually all aspects, the progression of the Negro family. Moynihan discusses the normativity of the American family as a reason that people overlook the problems that occur in Negro and nonwhite families. He emphasizes the significance of family structure by stating “The family is the basic social unit of American life; it is the basic socializing unit.” (Moynihan, II 4). This assertion implies that due to the instability within the black family, socially, the Negro family would be unable to prosper. …show more content…
These two categories outline the entirety of Moynihan’s description of the black woman. In the article the idea of a black woman being the head of the Negro family is heavily pressed upon. Moynihan uses a study that states, “Negro husbands have usually low power” (Moynihan, III 2). This statement associates with idea that men should have more power in a relationship. Frances Beale states “America has defined the roles to which each individual should subscribe. It has defined “manhood” in terms of it’s own interest and “femininity” likewise” (Beale, 146). Because gender roles in American society are so skewed it is viewed with negative connotation if the women is “dominant” in a relationship. Men should, in the eyes of society, be more powerful than the woman. Moynihan connects the lack of dominance in the black male with economic and educational downfall. Educational advancement among black woman is substantially higher than the black man. This displays the inter-relatedness of the problems in the Negro family. The term “knowledge is power” coined by Maria Stewart literally connects to Moynihan’s …show more content…
Personally, these solutions merely scratch the surface for solving what Moynihan feels is the overall problem in the Negro family. He acknowledges the severity of the issue but one-sidedly offers solutions to fix them. In the conclusion of the report Moynihan fails to recognize that the White community is also at fault for the downhill plunge of the black family. In 1965 civil rights were at its peak, and he slightly brushes across the impact racism has on black individuals. Trying to be unbiased in critiquing his solutions proved to be challenging because of the bias incorporated in his argument. Practically, his solutions are sensible, but they ignore the impact basic human interaction has. It is quite impossible to try and solve an issue as an outside source. Daniel Moynihan was a white male with an objective view of the Negro family. He centers the solutions on a governmental structure that is historically responsible for the situation African Americans are in. Though legislatively there were many strides in civil rights, only depending on the government to solve the black family’s problems is
*Evelyn Brooks Higginbotham. "African American Women's History and the Metalanguage of Race" in Feminism and History, ed. Joan Wallach Scott (NY: Oxford University Press, 1996), 201.
Daniel Moynihan’s controversial and needed report opened my and many others’ eyes to the societal issues that African American families face. He claims that the African American condition is caused by the fall of the family. In the Tangle of Pathology he addresses several concerns such as welfare dependence, crime, gaps in educational achievement, and children born to single-mothers as the effects of the demasculinization of Black men and the shift of the matriarchal household. Using historical context, sociology, and psychology he centers his thesis around that the matriarchy in Black families is the main issue compared to patriarchy in White households. In this report, Moynihan shed light on several studies that concluded him to assume
and the academic endeavour, to illuminate the experiences of African American women and to theorize from the materiality of their lives to broader issues of political economy, family, representation and transformation” (Mullings, page xi)
The African-American family is defined as networks of households related by blood, marriage, or function that provide basic instrumental and expressive functions of the family to the members of those networks (Hill, 1999). It is one of the strongest institutions throughout history, and still today. Family strengths are considered to be cultural assets that are transmitted through socialization from generation to generation and not merely adaptations or coping responses to contemporary racial or economic oppression (McDaniel 1994; Hill 1999). This definition is contrary to the belief that the Black family is an adaptation to harsh conditions, instead of an ongoing establishment. Hill (1999) discusses some of the qualities as effective for the survival of black families: strong achievement and work orientation, flexible family roles and strong kinship bonds, and strong religious orientation. These strengths, along with others can be emphasized in schools and used to motivate African-American students to succeed.
In her book, Unequal Childhoods: Class, Race, and Family Life, Annette Lareau argues out that the influences of social class, as well as, race result in unequal childhoods (Lareau 1). However, one could query the inequality of childhood. To understand this, it is necessary to infer from the book and assess the manner in which race and social class tend to shape the life of a family. As the scholar demonstrates, each race and social class usually has its own unique way of child upbringing based on circumstances. To affirm this, the different examples that the scholar presents in the book could be used. Foremost, citing the case of both the White and the African American families, the scholar advances that the broader economics of racial inequality has continued to hamper the educational advancement and blocks access to high-paying jobs with regard to the Blacks as opposed to the Whites. Other researchers have affirmed this where they indicate that the rate of unemployment among the African Americans is twice that of the White Americans. Research further advances that, in contrast to the Whites, for those African Americans who are employed, there is usually a greater chance that they have been underemployed, receive lower wages, as well as, inconsistent employment. This is how the case of unequal childhood based on race comes about; children from the Black families will continue residing in poverty as opposed to those from the white families.
It is interesting that the authors are both females, and choose to write on a topics concerning manhood. However, I am sure this research spiked their attention from observing their children, husband, and those around them. Both give significant amount of examples that black men were wrongly treated and negatively denoted in the south. Chapter 7, The Politics of Black Land Tenure 1877-1915, talks about the evolution of black agriculture in the southern states Georgia, Alabama, and Mississippi. The chapter also mentions the positive of this movement as well as the illegal hanging of black people. This shows how the south after the Civil War began their new acts of racism. This is one of the first books that focus on historic issues concerning black men’s masculinities in many aspects. Hine and Jenkins uses the Civil War through the 19th century time period to focus on black men’s lives in their occupations, families, sports, military, leadership, and their image in society. The authors use history journals and academic periodicals to provide pertinent information to their readers. All of there information is substantial and very creditable because of their careful construction of questioning
The definition of family has changed dramatically over the course of history, especially from culture to culture. It is quite interesting to research the definition of family within slave communities because the slave definition of family not only changed from plantation to plantation, but also slave to slave. Upon reading the secondary sources, “The Shaping of the Afro-American Family,” by Steven Mintz, & Susan Kellogg, "Marriage in Slavery," by Brenda Stevenson, and “Motherhood in Slavery” by Stephanie Shaw, and the primary sources WPA Interviews of former slaves conducted in the 1930s. Born in Slavery: Slave Narratives from the Federal Writers' Project, 1936-1938, throughout all of these readings there seemed to be some definite themes. One is the roles between mother and father and their children, second is the role slave owners and their families, and another is the fact that for many slaves the definition of family was broad based.
Daniel Patrick Moynihan, an American politician and sociologist, states in his report, The Negro Family: The Case for National Action (1965), that matriarchy is the main contributor to problems within the Black family. He argues that the matriarch prevents the African American family from achieving equality since it exists in a family system that does include a strong presence of a father-figure. Moynihan contends that “the Negro community has been forced into a matriarchal structure which … seriously retards the progress of the group as a whole” (Moynihan 21)....
From the earlier forms of fetishizing over Saartjie Baartman in Europe, the dehumanization of black women as “mammies,” to Daniel Patrick Moynihan’s controversial Moynihan Report in 1965, African and African American female identity has been under the direct possession of white people. White Americans have continued to define the black female’s position within society by creating her narrative based on inequitable economic and societal conditions as well as gender norms that have outlined what it means to be a “true” black woman. Her behavior and body has been examined [and understood] through her direct contrast to white women, her role in supporting the white race
Ruiz, Delia. Women of Color in Modern Society. New York, NY: Harper and Row Press,
Nabrit, James M. Jr. “The Relative Progress and the Negro in the United States: Critical Summary and Evaluation.” Journal of Negro History 32.4 (1963): 507-516. JSTOR. U of Illinois Lib., Urbana. 11 Apr. 2004
Rooks, Noliwe. The Women Who Said, I AM. Vol. Sage: A Scholarly Journal On Black Women 1988.
Collins, Patricia Hill. THE MEANING OF MOTHERHOOD IN BLACK MOTHER-DAUGHTER RELATIONSHIP. Boston: Beacon Press books, 1991. Print.
In A raisin in the sun author Lorraine Hansberry was keen on enlighten her audience on woman’s rights and feminism in the African American community. The play takes place after World War 2 where both black and white men fought together for equality however back home in the United States it was not the case. After the war, whites were still considered the superior race to African Americans but as an African American woman, they were at an even lower class than the African American men. As an African American woman in the 1950’s and 1960’s they were not only fighting for their rights as a race but were oppressed by class, and gender. African American feminism or “black feminism if you will, is known as a school of thought which argues that sexism, class oppression, and racism are inextricably bound together.”
Prior to the period of slavery, the majority African family structure was in the realm of 2-parent households and was the main importance for everyone. However, during the period of slavery and beyond, the 2-parent household has been transformed and its looming effects are still in place today. The effects include the phenomenal increase in female-headed households and also the increase in households with individual living by himself or herself. African-American family structure has been inconsistent, and it has a tremendous impact on the children. Statistics have shown that African American males growing up without a father are more likely to end up in prison (Krampe & Newton, 2012). It is important, as the children are dependent on the family in terms of obtaining success in the future. In addition, the single-parent mother ends up taking new roles as mother and father for the child. This topic has many aspects, which showcase the prominent influence in