The Invention of the Telephone and How It Has Changed Over the Years

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The Invention of the Telephone and How It Has Changed Over the Years

About 100 years ago, Alexander Graham Bell invented the telephone by

accident with his assistant Mr. Watson. Over many years, the modern version of

the telephone makes the one that Bell invented look like a piece of junk.

Developments in tone dialing, call tracing, music on hold, and electronic

ringers have greatly changed the telephone.

This marvelous invention allows us to communicate with the entire globe

24 hours a day just by punching in a simple telephone number. It is the most

used piece of electronic apparatus in the world. It is probably one of the most

easy to use electronics available too. All you have to do is pick up the

receiver, listen for the tone, and then select a number using either tone or

pulsing dial.

A telephone can be separated into two main categories: there is the tone

(touch tone) or the older rotary dial (pulse) telephones. Then you can divide

those into other categories such as business line (multi -- line) or home line

(single line). You can also have many other types of phones: there are those

that hang on the wall, on the desk, etc.

THE HANDSET

No matter what kind of telephone you own, there has to be some device

that allows you to talk to and listen to. This device is called the handset. The

handset is usually made out of plastic and inside it are two main components:

the transmitter and the receiver.

THE TRANSMITTER

It is the job of the transmitter to turn the air pressure created by

your sound waves to electrical signals so they can be sent to the other

telephone. The waves hit a thin skin called the diaphragm that is physically

connected to a reservoir of carbon granules. When the pressure hits the

diaphragm, it shakes up the carbon granules. Then the carbon expands and

contracts, depending on what force is exerted. At two points on the outer shell

of the reservoir of the carbon are two outlets of electricity from the talk

battery. By applying voltage, a current is made and is passed along the lines to

the waiting telephone. At the other end the current is transformed back to

speech.

THE RECEIVER

The receiver turns an ever varying current back to speech. A permanently

magnetized soft iron core is covered in many turns of very fine wire. Through

the wire, the electrical c...

... middle of paper ...

...ed back to the number.

TELEPHONE CORDS

Older telephone lines were made of fork shaped piece of metal attached

to wires with a tool called the crimper. When installed, these wires were

screwed into the terminal box on the wall. This is really a pain in the rear end

because if you are going to fix the phone, you have to unscrew the box, then all

the screws. This process could last for hours at a time.

To make this job a lot easier, coiled cords and modular lines were

invented. To take out the handset or telephone, all you have to do is to unplug

the modular connector from its match and that is it. Modular cords can be bought

nearly in any electronics store.

There are three kinds of cords. One is the full modular cord. There are

small modular clips on both ends of the cord. The second is the one mentioned in

the first paragraph, this is called the spade -- lug cord. The third one is

called the 1/4 modular, this cord has one modular connector on one side and the

old fashioned spade -- lug end on the other. These 1/4 cords are not very common.

BIBLIOGRAPHY

BOOK: THE TALKING TELEPHONE AUTHOR: STEVE SOKOLOWSKI PUBLISHER: TAB BOOKS NOV.

1991

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