Viewing the documentary, “The Internet’s Own Boy: The Story of Aaron Swartz,” allows one to learn more about one of the internet’s most formative figures. Swartz, intrigued with the internet since a young child, made several notable ventures. Swartz is credited for being one of Reddit’s cofounders, while also having endeavors with RSS feed and creating various internet hubs for leftist activism. Starting at an early age, Swartz had an interest in copy right and public access. This can be seen with his involvement with creative commons at the age of 15. Later in his life, creating and enabling public access to scholarly and legal documents became a priority for Swartz. Swartz efforts brings up the debate for what is called “open access,” as he and other constitutions believed most, if not all, academic journals …show more content…
JSTOR is an online digital library of academic journals that many universities pay to have access to. Though the intent of Swartz’s actions were never completely unveiled, Swartz was charged two counts of wire fraud and numerous violations relating to the “computer fraud and abuse act.” The accumulation of these charges resulted in a penalty of $1 million dollars along with 35 years in prison. Despite being offered a plea deal to serve a lesser sentence of 6 months in prison, Swartz rejected the offer as he would still be convicted of a felony; this would hinder his future political aspirations. Unfortunately, due to the stress of the investigation, Swartz committed suicide on January 11, 2013, at the age of 26 years old. Analyzing the presented information and evidence, I would argue that the level of charges brought against Swartz were overblown and excessive. The head prosecutor of the case, Stephen Heymann, I believe, was trying to make an example out of Swartz, as hinted at in the film; the government wanted to hinder and make future hacktivist reconsider such actions similar to
Back in the modern days, the Internet is a whole collection of a media composed of reproductions. It is a virtual space, which has no original and lacks even a master copy. We, human as the user, offer to put the information inside the space. However web pages do not exist until they are uploaded onto the Internet by the author, and “reproduced” on our computer. Nowadays we can even create our own webpage on the cloud. To look for an original on the Internet is such a hard job since there are somehow no real material base to
Through her use of each of the appeals, DiUbaldi persuades the reader effectively. By using Pathos, DiUbaldi is able to help the reader to sympathize with the plight of the modern-day Photographer. Many Photographers today do not make enough money from their photos due to the reposting of their content on other sites. Perhaps more important than the appeals to Pathos in her paper are the appeals to Ethos. She begins the essay by using an appeal to Ethos. She appeals to Ethos by establishing how often she checks Social Media at the beginning of the essay. By informing the reader of her role in consuming content in a way she feels should be illegal, DiUbaldi lends a sense of humility to her essay. The reader can see why she feels the way she does. Additionally, DiUbaldi provides further credibility by citing academic journals that have covered the issue of modern-day Copyright laws. However, the most effective rhetorical appeal used in the article is the use of Logos. Specifically, DiUbaldi uses Logos by bringing attention to Eric Schlacter’s “The Intellectual Property Renaissance in Cyberspace: Why Copyright Law Could Be Unimportant on the Internet.”. The reason she brings attention to Schlacter’s article is to bring an opposing viewpoint, and then refuting
Over the past decade the societal view of creative society has greatly changed due to advances in computer technology and the Internet. In 1995, aware of the beginning of this change, two authors wrote articles in Wired Magazine expressing diametrically opposed views on how this technological change would take form, and how it would affect copyright law. In the article "The Emperor's Clothes Still Fit Just Fine" Lance Rose hypothesized that the criminal nature of copyright infringement would prevent it from developing into a socially acceptable practice. Thus, he wrote, we would not need to revise copyright law to prevent copyright infringement. In another article, Entitled "Intellectual Value", Esther Dyson presented a completely different view of the copyright issue. She based many her arguments on the belief that mainstream copyright infringement would proliferate in the following years, causing a radical revision of American ideas and laws towards intellectual property. What has happened since then? Who was right? This paper analyzes the situation then and now, with the knowledge that these trends are still in a state of transformation. As new software and hardware innovations make it easier to create, copy, alter, and disseminate original digital content, this discussion will be come even more critical.
When Tim Berners-Lee created the Internet as a non-proprietor, not-for-profit information conduit, he could not have predicted how controversial digitized intellectual property would become. Prior to the Internet, intellectual property was a fairly straightforward issue. It was protected with copyright, trademark, and patent legislations, which granted exclusive rights to owners. Violations were not as abundant because distribution was constrained by time and space. Moreover, violators were identifiable because anonymity was difficult to achieve. In today's "global village" however, digital information such as books, music, software and art can be instantly shared between two anonymous users, without any fee to the creator. Legislation is much more difficult to enforce.
Aaron Swartz is a computer genius, I have no doubt about that. I mean by the age of 13, he won the Arsdigita prize. Furthermore,he believed in the free access of public record online. Henceforth, in 2006 he made information available and free while working at Wired magazin. In 2007 he also united with Simon Carstensen and build a site where anyone can create a simple site. This is an Inductive Argument because all the information shows that Aaron Swartz was a computer genius and believed in freedom of information online.
The Internet distributes more information than any other medium in the world. There are several problems that have emerged along with the Internet, “As soon as the public began to use the Internet, people began to express concern about its use” (Clark 1). Some groups feel that the World Wide Web is dangerous because of it’s open accessibility, whereas other groups see that the Internet is something that can be used to share knowledge globally. The Internet should not be censored because censorship would restrict Americans’ first amendment rights; regulations have been tried and have failed in the past, and there are better methods of education and protection than censorship.
With an entity as vast as the Internet, it is not surprising that a variety of unanswered questions will arise. I’m positive that the Internet will continue to confound scholars as it continues to quickly evolve. By analyzing the views of the celebrants and skeptics, I have been able to understand the potential that the internet has. By using the PEC, I have been able to understand how democracy and capitalism relate to the issues of the Internet. In the future, I hope that society can develop a further understanding of the Internet and move toward the Internet that the celebrants had hoped for.
After illegally downloading millions of articles from a digital library (JSTOR) with the intent to distribute them online, computer programmer and political activist Aaron Swartz was caught and arrested by MIT authorities. Under the “Computer Fraud and Abuse Act” Aaron Swartz was federally charged with numerous counts of Wire Fraud, Computer Fraud, and Unlawfully Obtaining Information from a Protected Computer, Recklessly Damaging a Protected Computer” (“United states of,”2011).hese charges carried the potential of over 30 years in prison.
For everyone in the business world, Mark Zuckerberg is a well-known name to them. He is an undeniably young, successful businessman. However, Zuckerberg is also a very successful leader in his own company as well as in the world. His impact from creating Facebook is more than just impressive. Zuckerberg created the social media website where people get connected virtually and led the company to incredible success. Zuckerberg’s leadership style can be seen with inspirational motivation, intellectual stimulation, and idealized influence. With all the aforementioned components, Mark Zuckerberg is a great example of transformational leadership.
Grossman, Lawrence K. The Shape of the Electronic Republic. Composing Cyberspace. Richard Holeton. United States: McGraw-Hill, 1998, 311-327.
One of the most recent examples of ethics and technology conflicts in the United States are privacy issues and how we cite, distribute and publish intellectual property on the internet. For instance, many corporations and people take advantage of the open access of the internet and the lack of legislation governing the right to post and upload information to the internet. Today, nearly every household in the United States has a computer with int...
In the September 20, 2003 edition of The New York Times, Kate Zernike examines certain negative aspects of easy information´s access by Internet. In the article “Students Shall Not Download, Yeah, Sure”, Zerkine focuses mainly on content plagiarism and free download of music and movies through the interpretations of series of interviews´ extracts to youth people, college students, and university authorities about the Internet phenomenon.
The current age of digital information has brought many changes to our culture. We see clear evidence of this within the area of scholarly communication. These changes involve the significant increase in the amount of information that is available, the variety of the type of content included in scholarship, the dissemination process and the way scholars access and interact with this information. The academic library has traditionally strived to build collections, organize them for access and facilitate retrieval to support the research and teaching objectives of their students and faculty. Currently, the library is engaged in a redefining process in light of these transformations. It was thought that the dawn of digital content would provide increased and timelier access to a larger collection of scholarship and at the same time provide libraries with some economic benefit. Although the amount of scholarship that is digitally available certainly has increased, many would contend that the ability to access it has been curtailed. As for the economic advantage for libraries, that has never materialized. According to Mary Case of the Association of Research Libraries, “Electronic versions of their [publishers’] journals are produced as add-ons, at the end of the print process. As a result, those added costs are passed on to the subscriber.”1 But as scholarly research abounds and traditional avenues for dissemination and preservation have become more cost prohibitive and scholars are exploring new avenues for maximum distribution and exposure, libraries continue to search for their role in this endeavor.
Free and easy access is a means of distributing intellectual study that breaks from the traditional subscription model of academic publishing. It has the potential to greatly quicken the pace of scientific discovery, encourage innovation and develop education by reducing barrier to access. Open access moves the costs of publishing so that readers, practitioners and researchers obtain the content at minimum or free of cost. Open access incorporates a range of components such as readership, reuse, copyright, posting and machine readability. Open access benefits users, research institutions and society as a whole by providing accessibility through which everyone can read and use the free publications online, full re-use rights where Intellectual wo...
Ever imagined what the world was like before the internet was invented? Ever wondered how people managed before the invention of computers by Charles Babbage? Well take a look into the world of computers: a life saver that many persons rely on daily for their needs. Yes, it is the internet. The Internet is the largest information resource comprised of a network of hundreds of millions of computers located throughout the world (Johnson, 7). It consists of a set of computers, a set of physical (or wireless) links, and a set of rules or protocols governing the exchange of information between them (Pallen, 1422). The invention of the Advanced Research Projects Agency was one of the world’s largest networks (ARPANET) in 1969. It was one of the world’s first operational packet switching networks, the first network to implement TCP/IP and the progenitor of what was to become the global Internet (Kleinrock). The ARPANET served as the new era for many individuals as there was no longer a need to travel with the heavy burden of textbooks. Also, because the Internet is accessible to anyone, it is inexpensive and can be afforded by most. Not only is it used to research information and ideas, but it has also been proven to be a more rapid and efficient means of communication all around the world. Skillfully used, the internet reduces the world and brings information, expertise, and knowledge on nearly every subject imaginable to one’s computer. There is so much information that is derived from the internet, since it is updated every second with news from all over the globe. Worldwide, people have the ability to share information amongst one another clear and fast. Thus, connecting freely and this has enhanced the cultural and social interac...