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Impact and consequences of the industrial revolution
Literature review on the effect of deforestation
Literature review on the effect of deforestation
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Recommended: Impact and consequences of the industrial revolution
The last major social effect cause by the Industrial Revolution was the destruction of the environment. The factories need a lot of land to house the big machines so the forests had to be demolished. Also wood was needed to help keep the machines running so more forests were demolished. The poem “The Excursion” by William Wordsworth states “where not a habitation stood before, Abodes of men irregularly masses Like tress in forests.” These lines describe how people took the place of trees in the forest after the forest was demolished by industry. In “Walden” by Henry David Thoreau describes how railroads demolish a peaceful and serine place of nature. Also the air was being polluted by all the smoke being produced by the factories. Water was …show more content…
The Leeds Woollen Workers Petition states “each machine will do as much work in twelve hours, as ten men can in that time do by hand, and they work night-and day, one machine will do as much work in one day as would otherwise employ twenty men.” So the production of good became ten times faster making hand created items obsolete because they could not compete with the machines. The industry also caused more money to come into circulation because industries were making more money because of the large amount of goods produced. Some of the families were gaining larger incomes because of their ties to the industry. Radcliff states “they might be truly said to be placed in a higher state of wealth, peace, and godliness, by the great demand for, and high price of, their labour, than they have ever before experienced.” This allowed people to spend more money on things boosting the economy through …show more content…
The first of many was the idea of laissez faire. This is where the government leaves the business owners do whatever they want. This would have caused a lot of problems because product prices would sky rocket and many people would not be able to afford things that they needed to survive. This policy could also help the people gain things back that the government has taken away. In the document called In Defense of Laissez-Faire it says “thus, in our attempts to improve, by legislation, the conditions of the poor, we have not only multiplied the number, but reduced them to a state of degradation before unknown.” The government has caused this to happen because of “our poor laws and our charities, we have pauperized, and almost ruined the country” (In Defense of Laissez-Faire). If this policy was put in place then the government would have been restricted allowing business to have the freedom to control the
Though the Industrial Revolution was supposed to bring an easier lifestyle to the world, however in reality only gave factory owners a chance to increase the amount of product they could produce within a shorter amount of time, and this prompted them to hire people desperate enough for jobs who would be paid in small sums of money to produce large amounts of product. Camelot on the Merrimack, this title is ironic, for Lowell was no fairy tale “Camelot.” For the girls, life in the textile factories was unmitigated
The Industrial Revolution in Western Europe provided the context for economists and political writers of the 19th century to promote three different economic plans designed to meet the needs of workers and entrepreneurs. State-sponsored socialism was first proposed by Eduard Bernstein as a reform plan for the existing economic system of capitalism. The major tenet of state-sponsored socialism included government-sponsored legislation to regulate business over time. Although there were many advantages including improving the standard of living and national unity; however, there were also disadvantages because socialism didn’t eliminate poverty nor the social evils inherent in a market-based economy. The economic system of socialism was implemented in Germany during the 19th century through legislation. In some ways, socialism was successful because it lowered the number of unemployed people and it provided healthcare for its poorest citizens. In other ways, socialism was unsuccessful because it was not consistent with the fundamental characteristics of human greed. Although it failed to operate under a consistent competitive profit, the economic system of socialism did address the needs of both entrepreneurs and workers because the middle class grew.
Imagine being forced to work in conditions that might cause you to lose a limb, to be beaten daily, or to be left with long term respiratory conditions. These terrible conditions were realities to families who worked in textile factories in the 1700’s. England was the first to adopt textile factories which would benefit with mass production of cotton material. According to the power point, “Industrial Revolution; Life in English Factories”, low and unskilled workers, often children, ran the machines and moved material, this helped lower the cost of goods. During this time, commissions investigated the working conditions of the factories.
The Industrial Revolution in America began to develop in the mid-eighteen hundreds after the Civil War. Prior to this industrial growth the work force was mainly based in agriculture, especially in the South (“Industrial Revolution”). The advancement in machinery and manufacturing on a large scale changed the structure of the work force. Families began to leave the farm and relocate to larger settings to work in the ever-growing industries. One area that saw a major change in the work force was textile manufacturing. Towns in the early nineteen hundreds were established around mills, and workers were subjected to strenuous working conditions. It would take decades before these issues were addressed. Until then, people worked and struggled for a life for themselves and their families. While conditions were harsh in the textile industry, it was the sense of community that sustained life in the mill villages.
The issues raised by the Industrial Revolution and the growth of Manchester correlates to the French Revolution. During the French Revolution, democracy was established and large forms of warfare emerged. The French Revolution’s warfare harming the ecosystem relates directly to the Industrial Revolution in Great Britain where pollutants were released into the atmosphere due to factories and workshops.
A liberal Member of Parliament and historian, Thomas B. Macaulay wrote in his “Southey’s Colloquies” that the people live longer because of better food, better lodged, better clothed, and better attended in sickness (Document 3). In the growth of Manchester, the national wealth increased because of the production of the manufacturing system. This resulted in positive reactions because there were improvements in the lives of people. A journal article written by William Alexander Abram explains how as the Hours of Labor in Factories Act was passed, the hours of labor have been reduced to ten hours per day. The article goes on to say that the wages have increased (Document 10). This shows a positive reaction to the Hours of Labor in Factories Act because this act treated the workers better. They were able to work less and get pay more. The article written by William Alexander Abram has the intention to show the improved conditions of the workers to have moved forward into a better quality of life. When Abram used the word “incredible” when talking about the reduction of sickness and mortality, it shows his amazement in how the conditions improved.
The Industrial Revolution was a fundamental change in the production of goods that altered the life of the working class. Similar to most other historical turning points, it had skeptics, or people that doubted the change, and fanatics, people who saw the value in the change being made. The Industrial Revolution and the period that followed shortly after highlight these varying opinions, as people were more conflicted than ever about the costs of industrialization. While industrialization started in England as an attempt to capitalize on the good fortune they had struck, it quickly developed into a widespread phenomenon that made the production of goods more exact and controlled by higher level people. Many industries, such as the cotton and textile businesses, were previously run through organizations called “cottage industries”.
However, before we can make a conclusion of our own, we need to acknowledge the other side of the spectrum. This section will reveal the weaknesses of David Noble’s argument on the notion that workers were being replaced by new technological equipment and they were no longer considered a valuable part of the making of goods and services since, unskilled workers were able to do the same job at a cheaper cost. Lucy Powell, a English politician stated once that “in the industrial revolution Britain led the world in advances that enabled mass production: trade exchanges transportation factory technology and new skills needed for the new industrialized world” (2008, p.1). Basically, mass production allowed for textiles and consumer goods to be sent out to consumers in order for them to be able live a better life. Things that were once not possible for the lower class as well as the middle class were now obtainable all due to the industrial revolution. This opinion goes against what David Noble claimed because, regardless of the new technology that was being presented within various factories and businesses, it allowed for those of a lower class to be able to better their lives. The industrial revolution also allowed for more jobs and skills to be created, which goes against luddism and what Noble stood by. The reason for this
In Britain, industrialization changed the lives of workers in many ways. One way workers lives changed is being able to earn higher wages. They could make more money in factories than on farms. Wi...
For centuries, India was a country of separate dynasties and kingdoms, which often led to a wide variety of cultural and ethnic tensions and continuous change of power for many of the kingdoms. They viewed each other as enemies, which created an opportunity for countries, such as England, to invade and eventually rule much of the country. Britain colonized the Indian subcontinent (present-day countries of India, Pakistan, and Bangladesh) from 1757 until 1947 (Iyer 2). Not all areas were directly under British control, in other cases Indian rulers governed them, and power was split between the two (Iyer 2). For the British, India was strategically placed in terms of geography, manpower, natural resources, and land, as well as many other sectors (Maddison 1).
From the late 18th century to the mid 19th century, the economy in England was transformed from an agricultural to a manufacturing –based economy. In 1801, agriculture provided employment for 36% of the British population. By 1851, only 10% of the British population was employed in agriculture, while over 40% was employed in industry (Hopkins, 36). As a direct result of this transformation, a surplus of jobs were created and displaced farming families moved in to fill them. Factory and Mine owners exploited the situation by offering families a means to make more money, by putting their children to work. Industry profited from this arrangement by saving money, since child labor was more “cost effective”. According to one historian, Clark Nardinelli, “in 1835 56,000 children under the age of thirteen were working in textile factories alone. By 1874, the number of child laborers in the market hit its peak with over 122,000 children between the ages of 10 and thirteen working in textile factories (4).”
Another idea that came about in the Industrial Revolution was that of a Middle Class. Previously, there were only two classes. The rich, which included nobility and business owners. The second class was the peasants. This was almost everyone not included in the first class. With the creation of factories, a new class was made. This new middle class consisted of people who worked in places such as factories. People belonging to this calss did not fall into either of the two previous classes. 14
The Industrial Revolution was a period from the 18th to the 19th century where major changes in agriculture, manufacturing, mining, transport and technology had a huge effect on human history that significantly influenced the life of people lived in the United Kingdom and eventually the world. Industrial Revolution was a technological revolution, the transformation from an agricultural to an industrial nation. The industrialisation brought many people into the new work force and into new living quarters in the urban areas.
A movement of industrialization transformed nations everywhere. Many countries experienced social and economic prosperity in this period known as the Industrial Revolution. The people of these countries also experienced change (Jacob, par. 1-5). Prior to the revolution, life for many was much different, allowing for many changes to occur; innovations reached several countries involved in this movement, and the lives of the citizens were largely impacted both positively and negatively.
The late eighteenth century was the beginning of a crucial turning point throughout Europe. In 1789, the people of France revolted against their government, proving that an absolute monarch did not hold all the power, and that citizens were not afraid to stand up for their rights. Known as the French Revolution, it lasted into the late 1790’s and paved the way for more freedom and equality among all citizens. Although this was a major movement for the future of European people in the nineteenth century, another equally significant accomplishment was beginning to unfold in England. The 1780’s marked the beginning of the Industrial Revolution in England, which led the way for tremendous population and economic growth throughout Europe.