In the thirteenth century a tribe in the Cusco region of present-day Peru formed the Inca civilization. In 1200c.e their leader Manco Capac and his family inhabited and built the civilization into a small city-state over time. Many years after Capac’s death in 1438c.e, Pachacuti presumed leadership as emperor of the Inca people. Although Capac laid a successful foundation, Pachacuti felt that it was essential to expand Inca influence outward. He began uniting neighboring tribes with his people into one community all under the Inca civilization. The Inca Empire grew into a successful civilization that was populated with about thirty-two million people, while covering about 772,204 square miles. Inca Empire crossed many boundaries as it dominated several countries and areas through invasions to peaceful assimilation. Organization of society, religion, and government lead to the Inca Empire gaining such a large part of South America which surrounds present day countries such as Bolivia, Chile, Columbia, Ecuador and the area in which the Incas was formed which is Peru.
In terms of society, the Incas worked on twenty-five thousand miles of roads and several ancient works of civil engineering that assisted with transportation, so that the population of the civilization would expand. Such an extensive network of roads allowed for a more frequent
spread of information where the Inca Empire was able to conveniently keep up with the increasing number of citizens. Around this particular time economics was the exchange of taxes and goods in the form of labor through employment. Taxes were paid by working on a variety of public works such as building roads, bridges, temples, tunnels, etc. This currency-less system supported the growth of the ...
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...eople demonstrated how to effectively control an empire through many different elements such as society, religion, and the government.
Works Cited
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113. 424 http://www.aztec-indians.com/aztec-art.html http://www.about-peru-history.com/inca-artifacts.html Voyages in World History, pg. 113.
Prior to the Inca empire expansion of 1438-1493, gender roles were governed by the societal concept of gender parallelism. The Incas allowed this idea to become the foundation of equality in matters such as religion, economics, sexuality, and labor. However, the dynamic faltered as the Inca Empire began expanding at an aggressive rate. Culturally ingrained gender parallelism was manipulated for the success of imperial goals. The Inca empire expansion stripped women of the established autonomy gender parallelism provided, created a conquest hierarchy, and altered the entirety of Inca cultural practices for the sake of a larger empire.
The Inca civilization started around 1200A.D. and was found in the Andes mountains in what is now Ecuador, Peru, Bolivia, and Chile.
Both the Aztec and Incan civilizations used trade, tribute, redistribution of goods, and agriculture to balance out their economy. However, the Aztecs had a more mixed organization, the use of more than one functions, used trade markets, and had a merchant class, unlike the opposing Incan economy. The Aztecs were more engaged with trade than the Incans, shown with the trade markets at Tlatelolco. Tlatelolco was a trade market controlled by the merchant class, or Pochteca and the development of currency was put in place using beans and or gold dust. On the other hand, the Incans did not have trade markets due to their trade being more informal, along with no merchant class or currency. To help specifically long distance trade, advanced road systems were put in place as way stations. Both civilizations used tribute and was an important aspect to the economic organization, but the Aztecs collected goods and the Incans collected labor, mita. ...
The Incan provincial centers were specialized structures located away from the Incan’s settlements and near their roads. Due to their scarce natural resources in their region, the Incan people created provincial centers. Besides the lack of resources, there was also no assigned task that led to an increase in the Empire’s efficiency. The rise of both urbanism and trade inhabited because of the scarcity of resources in the Inca Empire.
The Inca Empire consisted of a hierarchical structure, extremely difficult to escalate, with the Sapa Inca as supreme Lord as he was often associated with the gods. Then the power continued along to the high priest (Villac Umo) who was believed to have the ability to talk directly with the
...c used a slash and burn style of farming and they relocated once the nutrients of the land were used up. The Incas were much more advanced. Labor specialization was common, especially in the large densely populated areas like Cuzco. The Incas made roads, had irrigation channels, fortresses, and mines. They used crop rotation and terracing and other advanced agricultural methods.
This primary source tells the reader a great deal about the Incas. The Incas were extremely wealthy. Most of the document tells the reader about the wealth and riches of the Incas, describing their wealth in depth. Jobs in the Incas’ society included many lavish occupations. “[M]any silversmiths who did nothing but work rich pieces of gold or fair vessels of silver; large garrisons were stationed there, and a steward who was in charge of them all” (Pedro). The Incas were organized and intelligent. Large armies were set up to protect their villages, and they had plenty of silver and gold to experiment with and create new beautiful objects. They used their systems to create a fair,
Kishlansky, Mark A. Sources of World History. Cobo, Bernabe. "History of the Inca Empire" (1653).
To my surprise, the colonizers of the Andes did not dispel the rulers of the past Incan Empire completely – it is important to keep in mind, thoughts of royal blood outside of Cuzco
The three main Indian empires in Mesoamerica were the Olmec, Mayan, and Aztec. These intriguing cultures had three very different religions and origins, but there were some similarities. In all three cases, they built their cities mainly as religious centers, and had some similar forms of worship. All of their societies revolved around their separate religions.
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Thousands of years before the rule of the Inca, the Tiwanaku civilization emerged from the southern shores of Lake Titicaca and reached across the borders of present day Peru, Bolivia, and Chile. The city of Tiwananku is recognized by many Andean scholars as a major center of political, economic, and religious life, and is marked as one of the most important civilizations of the pre-Colombian Americas. Reaching its height from 500 to 900A.D, only its impressive stone monuments remain as evidence of their influence that are now protected archaeological sites. Author John Wayne Janusek is associate professor of anthropology at Vanderblit University and has conducted extensive archaeological research in the Andes for the past two decades. On the topic of the ancient Tiwanaku, Janusek attempts to gather a wealth of past and current research to explore the civilization in its geological and cultural setting, along with its raise and violent fall to power, and its vast political influence. The author approaches the information in the novel from a theoretical approach that highlights the importance of the Tiwanaku’s environmental settings, the mundane daily life of its citizens, its extensive economic ventures, and religious prestige. In the concluding segments of the book, Janusek argues that the study of the Andean past can shed light on current national ideologies and geopolitics worldwide.
Who were the Aztecs? Why were they considered to be an empire even greater than the Romans? And how was Hernan Cortes able to defeat them? These are some of the questions that people ask about these indigenous people. These people are known as the Aztecs but originally called themselves Mexica. They came to Mexico in the early thirteenth century and from there they started to develop a social structure and government consisting of priests, kings, peasants, and soldiers. Besides having a very organized society the Aztecs had a very large and intimidating army consisting of full time soldiers and peasants. By 1427 A.D. the Aztec empire became the dominant group and controlled most of central Mexico. Considering how advanced and large the Aztec culture and society were makes me believe that they were aware of other people outside of their civilization. A clear example would be that they knew of neighboring tribes other than their own that they went to war with and conquered. Although I do believe that the Aztecs were caught off guard and even amazed when they saw the light skinned Spaniards. I also believe that Cortes wasn’t the first outsider to make contact with the Aztecs but I do believe he was the first light skinned person to make contact with them because of Moctezumas reaction to Cortes description. Hernan Cortes was a Spanish conquistador who defeated the Aztecs with less than 1000 soldiers and a handful of horses. Some reasons that have to do with the Aztecs fall from power are the Prophecy of Quetzalcoatle, their Emperor Moctezuma, enemy tribes, disadvantages in technology, their omens, disease, and lastly their warfare rituals.