It is the oldest and most conservative educational philosophy which dominates the educational system in the United States until the late 1800 's. Perennialism arises from a devoted acceptance of the ancient philosophical principles of Plato, Aristotle, Augustine, and Aquinas, and a belief that these ancient philosophies could be the response to the decadence of the Western civilization during the first half of the twentieth century (Mosier,1951). Perennialism claims that it is necessary a restoration of the spirit that governed the education during the Middle Ages as the only hope for education and culture. The strong beliefs on ancient philosophies guides perennialism to understand the importance of education as a way to find the principles …show more content…
More important than teaching a set of rudimentary skills, Perennialism emphasizes in cultivating significant knowledge and thinking skills. Memorization and recitation of passages from western thinkers’ works are common under the Perennialism influence. The teacher assumes a role of authority, and his/her expertise is unquestionable. Reading is one of the strategies commonly used under this philosophy, most of the reading are based on texts from the Bible and works from church leaders (Brameld, 1955). In secondary education, teaching foreign languages, especially Latin and Greek, is part of the curriculum. There is also a stressed importance of teaching logic, rhetoric, grammar, and …show more content…
Progressivism, as an educational philosophy, relies in the importance for the learner of the scientific method, metacognitive skills, active intelligence, individual self-expression, tolerance of varying belief, importance of the present, complexity and pluralities of experience (Brameld, 1995). Progressivism requires that students work on problem-solving, inquiry, proper behavior, and group-work. Through progressivism, educators develop students’ knowledge through experimentation, experiences of the physical and cultural context. Learners learn by doing (Cohen, 1999). John Dewey was one of the most representative proponents of the progressivism. Cited by Oliva (2001), Dewey states that it is necessary to bring into the classrooms learners ' needs and interests, and recognize the importance of learners ' background that comes to school along with learners '
Dewey’s philosophy of pragmatism and his creation of progression education, simply emphasize the need to learn by doing (Rivera-Castro). His idea that children learn best by doing and exploring the environment around them plays well into Greene’s idea of being wide-awake and allowing teachers and students to create
Waks, L. (2013). John Dewey and the Challenge of Progressive Education. International Journal of Progressive Education. [Online] 9 (1), 73-83. Available from: http://www.tandfonline.com.atlas.worc.ac.uk/doi/pdf/10.1080/03004279.2013.819618 [Accessed 6 December 2013].
In the first chapter, Dewey draws attention to a conflict in educational theory, between traditional and progressive education. He conceives of traditional education as a system that has that encourages student attitudes of ‘docility, receptivity, and obedience’ (Dewey, p. 3). He considers the task given educators in traditional education to communicate knowledge and skills, and enforce rules of conduct for the next generation. He considers progressive education a system that critiques traditional education for imposing controls and limiting active participation by students in developing subject matter. Progressive education gives learners ‘growth’, freedom of expression and activity. Dewey sees the strengths of progressive education contributing helpfully to an experience of education (p. 20).
First, Dewey analyzed the method of progressive versus traditional education. Humans, by default, formulate “its beliefs in terms of Either-Or” (pg.5) categories which has been reflected in the current educational system. He labels education as transference of knowledge, skills, a...
Dewey's ideas were not broadly incorporated into the practices of his own country, i.e., American public schools and is criticized that the book Democracy and Education constitutes an attempt rather than a refined post-inquiry product, or an incomplete journey rather than a package. However, some of his values and terms like ‘progressive education’ were widespread, and had re-surfaced in many school reform and education theory circles as a prosperous field of inquiry education and inquiry-based
The philosophy of essentialism is important to me, although I feel students can still relate to school in a positive way. Students can learn the core subjects—reading, writ...
All six of the major educational philosophies Perennialism, Progressivism, Essentialism, Existentialism, Social Reconstruction, and Behaviorism are in my opinion feasible in the classroom. However, I have chosen Essentialism as the primary philosophy I would like to employ in my classroom for several reasons. Although I think all six would result in learning, which is the primary purpose of education, I think that Essentialism is superior to the other five for my classroom. I feel this way because it embraces the purpose or original goal of public education, it allows lessons to be gauged to all different learning styles, and finally because essentialism employs methods of teaching and discipline that I believe work exceptionally well with my content specialization.
William James and John Dewey are accredited for developing the characteristic American philosophy that is progressivism. Progressivism relies on the theory that the student should be the focal point. By adjusting the curriculum and teaching techniques to reflect the student’s needs and interests, the teacher encourages the student’s desire to learn. Another theory of progressivism is that of a democratic system. Students will fare better in life if they are exposed to the ideas and cultures of different ethnicities and personalities early.
The first and most important of the three formal educational philosophies that have been major influences on the formation of my own philosophy is progressivism. Progressivism is based on the belief that people learn best from what they consider to be relevant to their every day lives. In other words, students learn best from personal experience, hands-on experiments, and from interacting in groups with those around them. However, for these small groups to be entirely effective, they must be chosen at random; basing the groups on race, gender, sexuality, or social background will defeat their main purpose.
Considering the traditional teaching methods and the abundance of test-taking in schools, it is evident that the philosophical theory, Essentialism, has a strong presence in classrooms. Although Essentialism affects policymakers, parents, and the mass public, it most importantly affects the students. By deeply analyzing the issue of an overwhelming Essentialist presence in education, one can conclude that Essentialism is the root of contemporary issues in education.
“Education is a social process; education is growth; education is not preparation for life but is life itself.” John Dewey describes and supports progressivism, an education philosophy that I professionally identify with. Progressivism is a student centered philosophy that focuses on experiences, opportunities, and values that enhance a student 's learning and life. The role of the teacher is to act primarily as a facilitator of learning, they encourage and guide students to explore and promote individual development. As a future educator I believe it is important to involve students and allow them to take responsibility for their own learning and achieving their goals. The role of the student is to discover, engage, and express themselves.
Teaching children I would incorporate all of these philosophies such as; perennialism, progressivism, behaviorism, essentialism, existentialism, and social reconstructionism in my instructional curriculum. For example, including perennialism in which, it is necessary to teach elementary students morals, such as; sharing, not cheating, and even playing fair (like in sports). Progressivism will be used in my instruction because cooperative learning activities will take place. I will use reinforcement rewards with computers, stickers, and candy; which will display the philosophy of behaviorism reflected in my classroom. I will encourage free-will in my students by letting them make choices such as; the book they want to read or letting them decide whether or not they want to do extra credit; which would demonstrate a small part of the existentialism philosophy I support.
Education: a priceless and powerful commodity. The human race has attempted to understand the role of education and how we digest information for centuries. Socrates, Plato, and Aristotle devoted much of their lives to analyzing the foundations of education and how to teach subsequent generations. Socrates attempted to find the true meaning of education through a constant attempt to discover the truth in all aspects of life. Plato, on the other hand, viewed education as a way to attain the perfect society, hoping that educating the youth would improve future generations. Believing that education was necessary for intellectual virtue, Aristotle sought out a well-rounded education that created a balanced human being. Unfortunately, education
The future of our nation rests greatly on how we educate our children. The children of today will soon be the driving force of tomorrow. In order to properly prepare our future citizens of society, we must provide them with an education that teaches them not only the basics of reading, writing, and arithmetic, but also social skills and critical thinking. Progressivism offers this approach of educating the “whole child.” This student-centered approach to learning applies learning in a social manner and allows students to apply what they are learning to real life. This type of learning is much more meaningful than rote learning. Curriculum and assessment are based on the child and their level of interest and ability, and instruction is varied to adjust to different learning styles. Children learn by doing, and progressivism believes in incorporating a hands-on approach to learning. The teacher in the progressive classroom is not a dictator but more of a mentor and guide to the student. She takes the children into consideration in everything she does and allows them to offer their input. The progressivist teacher also facilitates social interaction among the students and groups them together for projects so that they may learn how to work cooperatively. Progressivism is the key to a more educated, better-rounded society.
My philosophy of education is a combination of essentialism and progressivism . I feel that knowledge can be learned from a textbook, but I also want my students to use other means of knowledge. I fell in certain times, I should be the center of the classroom and other times, the students should be the center. Education is about the students and I am there to guide them through their journey. I think it's important to let children learn by exploring. By doing this, they choose what information is important and should be retained. When it comes to learning, students should always be in the center. The teachers are only there to mentor and improve upon a child's skills. In my mind progressivism with a mix of essentialism is the best philosophy for me to follow.