NAGPRA is relevant to archaeological objects from the field and repositories. These items include Native American remains, associated or unassociated funerary objects, sacred objects, and objects of cultural heritage. It covers these objects if they are in federal or federally funded repositories and any public repository or museum that received federal funding before or since 1990. NAGPRA requires consultation, and proof of consultation, with Indian tribes if human remains or objects that may be covered by NAGPRA are likely to be excavated in the process of fieldwork or discovered accidentally. NAGPRA has impacted archaeological collections in quite a few ways. It has set standards for repatriation. It requires every federal agency and federally
Fishing and hunting have been at the core of many American Indian cultures like the Nisqually since precontact. Indian hunting, fishing and gathering were conducted then—as they are now—not for sport, but for food and for a livelihood. This was well understood by the early colonists and later by the U.S. government. Thus, many of the treaties (e.g., Medicine Creek, 1854) negotiated between the federal government and Indian tribes in the nineteenth century contained provisions guaranteeing rights to hunt and fish. In the trea¬ty negotiated by Isaac Stevens, the tribe ceded to the U.S. some of the Nisqually vil¬lages and prairies, but Article Three reserved the tribe’s right to fish “at all usual and accustomed grounds and stations…in common with all citizens of the Territory.” (FL 12) But the growth of the European American population, and with it the proliferation of fenced lands, the destruction of natural habitat, and often the destruction of wildlife itself, drastically curtailed the Indians' ability to carry on these activities. Charles Wilkinson’s thesis declares that the “messages from Frank’s Landing” are “messages about ourselves, about the natural world, about societies past, about this society, and about societies to come.” (FL 6)
When the word “Native American” is mentioned, the first thing most people will think of is Indian gaming. As many people know, only Native Americans can conduct gaming while people from other ethnicity cannot. This leads to the belief that it is an indirect way for the American government to repay the tribal government for taking their lands. This is partially true. The right to conduct gaming on reservations begins with the Indian Gaming Regulation Act (IGRA). Since its establishment in 1988, hundreds of tribes are able to negotiate an agreement with the governments to operate casinos on reservation lands. However, this is not the only intention of IGRA. Although Congress says that the real purpose of IGRA is to allow Indians to open casinos so tribes can support themselves, it is merely a set of laws that limits the tribe’s right on gaming.
The Tar Creek mining site was originally owned by a Native American tribe, the Quapaw. The Quapaw wanted to keep these lands, but the Bureau of Indian Affairs deemed members opposing a transaction with mining companies “incompetent” (1). In such a case, the business could continue and the Bureau of Indian Affairs sold the lands to mining companies. In essence, these lands were stolen from the Quapaw because they were ripe for mining. These mines were then used from approximately 1891 to 1970.
Both parties the Coalition of the tribes and NAGPRA and the scientists believe that they are doing the right thing by this discovery. In this paper I will introduce the Kennewick case and discuss the parties and their personal views that have made this such an important case along with thought of my own to add to the criticisms of the professionals that were involved.
There has been a lot of controversy regarding human remains and the field of archaeology for some time. The Native American Graves Protection and Repatriation Act (NAGPRA) protect the Native American’s rights over their human remains and cultural items. Proposed by the Morris Udall, former Congress Member for Arizona second District, NAGPRA was passed by the Congress in November 1990. The congress’ intention was to facilitate the repatriation of the Native Americans skeleton and cultural remains that were held in museums and federal agencies. In compliance with the Act, anthropologists returned several skeletal remains that were conserved in their study laboratories and museums to the respective Native tribes. In 1998, for example, the University of Nebraska repatriated over 1702 cultural artifacts to the affiliated Native Americans (Niesel 1). This was a significant blow to the scientific and anthropology studies as it marked the loss of necessary resources in unraveling the development of the human being.
I think this article actually refers to Americian. The author spelled the key words backwards, like Nacirema and Notgnihsaw. Although the author used different way to describe our daily activities, we still can see some similarities from the article. Also, I agree with you that the words the author used to describe each activity make it stranger and let people think this is a barbaric nation. We have the same things in our society, but if we are in the different situation or view our culture in the different way, people’s attitude would change and that’s why the differences exist.
While analyzing “Body Ritual Among the Nacirema,” I noticed that the rituals Miner were referencing were all American rituals. There were subtle hints, for instance, America was written within the title just spelled backwards. Even though I recognized the rituals Miner mentioned in his article are still very common for most Americans, it was still peculiar to read about. Regardless of how strange Miner was able to phrase American daily rituals he helped me notice the strange rituals we have today.
The two items which are defined in the document are “(1) The tribal organization. (2) The Indian reservation.” For one, the United States government set up the Indian reservations, creating poor living conditions that would hinder the ability to progress at the rate that the Untied States formulated for them. The soil, for instance, in Oklahoma, where most of the reservations were at during this time, were awful for farming. Therefore, the Indians would starve and be in ill health. Again, the United States contradicted itself in regards to Indian policy, by choosing to ignore the most crucial parts of history that led to the poor conditions of the
The first archetype we will discuss is the ideal maiden or unmarried woman. In ancient Greece, the ideal maiden was a beautiful, but modest figure who had ample amounts of both strength and meekness. As you can see, the ideal Greek maiden was a little bit of an oxymoron. She had to be both strong and meek; seductive and modest. Nausicaa is the ideal maidenly figure because she exemplifies the qualities of beauty, modesty, and strength without possessing the negative qualities of excessive vanity or “unwomanly” authority. Nausicaa beauty and modesty is obvious, after all the first time she appears she is described as “”. However, her strength is harder
In chapter 17 of The World According to Garp, Garp finds out plans for his mother’s funeral and has all intentions of going to say goodbye to her one last time. Throughout the chapter we see Roberta trying to look out for Garp and look out for his feelings. The Ellen Jamesians have planned the funeral to be a feminist funeral, therefore no men are to be there. Garp, being Jenny’s son, does not accept this and does not care what they have planned he will be at that funeral one way or another. With the help of Roberta he was able to go in disguise and stay unnoticed for a little while and was able to say goodbye even though when he was caught he was attacked by them.
Many of the artifacts that were either bought or donated to that country have likely been stolen from the country of origin. Because of these dubious acts of the stealing antique artifacts, there are now rules in place to help prevent it from happening, or at least to lessen the amount. These 'rules' include, "Today there are strict
Naripokkho is an organization that developed their anti-acid violence campaign between the years of 1995 and 2003. It is also a membership based women’s advocacy organization led by professionals. Any reason for the acid violence is not any reason to be done. However, the men were throwing the acid on these females because they didn’t want to love the men back or unmet dowry needs. I find it mind-blowing that this was going on as long as it has over petty reasons, leaving these women mentally, spiritually, emotionally, and physically scarred for life.
Regardless of my lack of knowledge, I started to work on the geology collection by examining one small segment of the entire collection. The sample section of the collection contains several boxes of geological textbooks, maps, magazines, and several geological reports from the Department of Water and Power. One archaeological method I have learned from one of my previous archaeology classes is when archaeologists conduct their work in small areas or test pits in the archaeological site. I am applying this archaeological method to my geology collection sample because I can organize the geology collection into different categories and stacking the materials up into different piles. I stacked the geology textbooks and magazines into one pile, the DWP reports in another and continued organizing different geological materials in my small piles based on their similar physical attributes and written content. As I went through the small section of the geology collection, I realized that this collection belonged to an engineering geologist who worked for the DWP. I came up with that conclusion based on several geology textbooks and DWP memorandums I discovered while I was going through the sample
Today I will be talking about the beautiful town called nacodgoches.It is a rural town in Texas. It's a lot of things to do now in nacodgoches then it was before . Nacodgoches is the oldest town in Texas. It was founded in 1771 by Dan Antonio Gil y’barbo. Nacodgoches was founded because there were two brothers and there dad gave them some land. They argued every day so the dad sent one to Texas and the other to Louisiana to settle.This town is known for history and story's from the caddo indains. The earliest settlers in Nacodgoches were a local caddo tribe by the name of Nacodgoches, this tribe came and settled into Nacodgoches around 800 A.D. Nacodgoches had nine flags than the traditional six, flags that were represented were Spanish,
Many historical artifacts have been lost or destroyed over time. Archaeologists should relocate artifacts from their ruins to museums to help keep these pieces of history alive. Relocating the artifacts would ensure they are salvaged and preserved and help guarantee these artifacts would be protected from those who wish to damage or vandalize them. Relocating the relics to a museum would allow the public to value and view ancient pieces of theirs along with other culture’s history.