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Female status in the handmaid's tale
Female status in the handmaid's tale
Female status in the handmaid's tale
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The town of Gilead had elements of conservative and liberal values but the conservative values were more prominent than the liberal. The conservative values were imposed on the women by the authorities and this affected the liberal values of women in Gilead. The commanders made laws, interpreted the laws when it was unfavorable to them and executed the laws. Women were mostly marginalized and ostracized in the polity of Gilead. They were presented as subservient objects, whose duty was only to their husbands or masters. They had no choice than to obey their masters. In fact, disobedience was punishable at the discretion of the masters. The commanders justified sex, names, religion and clothing and affirmed a strong conservatize attitude towards …show more content…
It was a conservative belief that commanders maintained control over their household. Hence, commanders used their right to control everything including sex. They changed the idea of sex from a pleasurable activity to a painful experience for the handmaids. For example, the commander through his actions, presented the handmaid as a slave whose duty it is to do the bidding of her master. Offred description of one of those scenes, showed how she conservatively accepted the role of procreation. She recounts that, “My red skirt is hitched up to my waist, though no higher. Below it the Commander is fucking. What he is fucking is the lower part of my body. I do not say making love, because this is not what he’s doing. Copulating too would be inaccurate, because it would imply two people and only one is involved. Nor does rape cover it: nothing is going on here that I haven’t signed up for. There wasn’t a lot of choice but there was some, and this is what I chose”…. (108). She understood that “Rebelling or defying law in Gilead results in either execution or banishment to the colonies where one is forced to clear nuclear waste” (Ghosal etal ). Hence, the reason for staying with the commander. By allowing herself and giving up her rights to the commander she sort not just for protection but also favor from the …show more content…
Women put on veils to show their subjective and oppressive state while the commanders wore black uniform to show their authoritative position in Gilead. Each social class had a specific clothing and meaning that was attach to it. With such clothing style, one can identify the group or class a person belongs. “As all men are uniform-they are the ones in control who possess power, The Commanders wear a black uniform, the Eyes and Angels are similarly dressed in military fashion. According to their status, women are forced to wear a uniform denoting their particular function in society” (Coad 2001). Women put on veils regardless of their status but this veils had different representation and meaning. For example Marthas wore green uniforms, wives wore blue while handmaids wore red uniforms (p 5-7). Their style of clothing showed that they lacked freedom and choice. Handmaids were statutorily not allowed to mingle with certain types of people even though it was against the handmaids’ personal wishes or desires. They were force to believe and accept the covering of their whole body as the right practice. No wonder when Offred saw the Japanese tourist ladies she felt the ladies were undressed despite the fact that she was fascinated about the ladies appearance (P 33). The conservative system made it a crime for handmaids to expose their face that’s why handmaids covered their faces with veil. Coad 2001
The Handmaid’s role is to produce Keepers (babies that are born without any birth defects) for their host family. Housemaids are made to wear all red besides their nun-like white wings that work as blinders. Red represents passion and sin that can be turned white by the cleansing power of God. Commanders are the patriarchal head of the house who have a duty to father children either by their Wife or a Handmaid if needed. “Not every Commander has a handmaid; some of their wives have children.
The women are divided into functions and are identified by the colour of their dress. In chapter 5, Offred is walking down the streets of Gilead, reminiscing about the days she used to walk down the street wearing what she wanted to wear before she got taken away, and also thought about simple things such as how she was able to freely walk to the laundromat to wash her own clothes with her own soap. She informs the reader of her analysis of the different types of women in the Republic of Gilead: “There are other women with baskets, some in red, some in the dull green of the Martha's, some in the striped dresses, red and blue and green and cheap and skimp, that mark the women of the poorer men. Econowives, they're called. These women are not divided into functions. They have to do everything; if they can.” (Atwood, 5.5) The Handmaid’s— the bearer of children— wear red, the Martha’s, who are the housekeepers wear green, and the wives wear blue. Econ Wives are the only women who aren’t defined by the colour of their dress because they must do every function. Atwood is showing that the individuality and identities of these women have been completely taken away and are labelled by the clothing they are forced to
Throughout the Handmaid’s Tale, we come across a plethora of biblical references; also many aspects of the stories’ plot are based on biblical passages. The story is based in the republic of Gilead, a futuristic and dystopian America. This futuristic government isn’t based on loving peaceful messages from scripture; rather, it takes snippets from the violent passages and adopts them to suit their choke-hold of society. We first take notice of this oppressive government in the first few pages of the book when we read “Aunt Sara and Aunt Elizabeth patrolled; they had electric cattle-prods slung on thongs from electric belts.” ( 4) These “Aunts” are older women, who wear habits, whose man function is to brain wash and rule over the “handmaids”. Often referencing from the Old Testament, they encourage a very bleak outlook at life outside of government rule. To meet this end, they often times force the handmaids to view pornos and gratuitous violent acts. The main character in the story is a handmaid named Offred (of Fred), who’s purpose in life, imposed on by the government, is to bear children.
The ability to create life is an amazing thing but being forced to have children for strangers is not so amazing. Offred is a handmaid, handmaid's have children for government officials, such as Commander Waterford. Offred used to be married to Luke and together they had a daughter but then everything changed; Offred was separated from her family and assigned to a family as their handmaid. The society which Offred is forced to live in shaped her in many ways. In The Handmaid's Tale, Margaret Atwood uses cultural and geographical surroundings to shape Offred's psychological and moral traits as she tries to survive the society that she is forced to live, in hopes that she can rebel and make change.
In the gilead society, women are placed in a social hierarchy in which they are defined by their role. The wives are the elite members. The handmaids are the people who produced babies. Marthas are the house servants. Aunts are a prestigious group of people who trained handmaids. Econowives are low class women. However, none of the women are defined as people with their own personalities and interests. Instead, Women are seen as objects that belong to men. Econowives belong to the Guardians. The wives, marthas,
Feminism as we know it began in the mid 1960's as the Women's Liberation Movement. Among its chief tenants is the idea of women's empowerment, the idea that women are capable of doing and should be allowed to do anything men can do. Feminists believe that neither sex is naturally superior. They stand behind the idea that women are inherently just as strong and intelligent as the so-called stronger sex. Many writers have taken up the cause of feminism in their work. One of the most well known writers to deal with feminist themes is Margaret Atwood. Her work is clearly influenced by the movement and many literary critics, as well as Atwood herself, have identified her as a feminist writer. However, one of Atwood's most successful books, The Handmaid's Tale, stands in stark contrast to the ideas of feminism. In fact, the female characters in the novel are portrayed in such a way that they directly conflict with the idea of women's empowerment.
Another way the women in The Handmaid’s Tale are unequal to men is in dress. In modern society it is normal to think of clothing as a way to express our personality and individuality. What you wear helps others know who you are. In the novel, the main character Offred grew up in a westernized world –freedoms like self expression and speech- but it was taken away from her when she became a handmaid.
The women and everyone had blamed her and said it was “her fault” that she had “led them on”. They said that “God had allowed this to happen to teach her a lesson”. Most women are shamed for rape. They are often blamed for it. They were “asking for it” or “Not saying no, means yes”. Sometimes, they are blamed because of what they are wearing. So, the handmaids were covered from head to toe when they are in front of anyone, so no one can sexualize them.
Overall, Gilead is not a feminist society since women’s rights were taken away as a result of dehumanization and oppression of women. There is more a vision or hope of feminism that is present. The women try to lives there lives with some happiness and freedom, however it is hard since they are constantly watched by either the Aunts or the eye and have to abide strict rules. There is no form of pleasure allowed and the woman want to bear the Commanders child. The women don’t seem like they to hold a protest, they seem content with their lives. They just have to remember “nolite te bastardes carborundorum. (Atwood, Ch.29)”
The first step was the regimentation of society. The regime segregated the sexes and its social classes not to suit their needs, but to maintain control. The fear and jealousy the different groups feel toward each other prevents the creation of alliances that might threaten the regime. For enforcing this situation, Gilead has become a homogenized society, based upon grouping. The novel describes a uniform for Handmaids in detail. It is an ankle-length red gown and a white, winged headdress that allows women only to see straight ahead and prevents others from seeing them. With these, they wear red gloves and low-heeled red shoes. Also, a uniform for Marthas is a long green gown and white apron. The color and shape of the uniform present the roles of these two classes: in Handmaids’ uniform, the red is sexual coloration to attract men as a womb, and the shape of covering body means they should be protected from outside, but, in Marthas’ uniform, the green is relaxing color, and the shape is also comfortable as a domestic servant. Through a uniform which each one is wearing, people would be reminded of where their primary allegiance should be. Under the strict control, everyone, especially second-class citizens, such as Handmaids and Marthas, are eliminated of any choice in their daily lives, and they have to play their roles according to some fixed schedules. The second step is indoctrination. A representative place is Red Center, which is like a reform school or prison. Women grouped as Handmaid are educated about their roles there. Through living in the group, most women are forced to lose their sense of self, and obey reinforced roles. Also, the government provides misinformation to its people on television, which is the only remaining information medium. Offred’s suspicions that the television news may be fake, and displayed prisoners may be actors, show what can take place when
In the book, the reproduction rates are extremely low. Gilead’s government forces women, who are fertile, into being “Handmaids”. The Handmaids’ duties are to have emotionless, non-erotic sex with the Commanders to provide society with children. The Republic has created the “Red Center”, where the trainers, or “Aunts”, “educate”, train and monitor the Handmaids. In the Red Center, the role of the Handmaid is promoted as “honorable”.
In Gilead handmaid's are seen as female servants that have one duty, which is to bear children. The government does not care for Offred’s personal needs, they are only taking care of her body because they have to be healthy enough to have children. At some point Offred has to steal butter just to keep moisturized and feel like she has a reason to take of her skin, she then states,”We are containers, it's only the insides of our bodies that are important...as long as we do this, butter our skin... we can believe that we will some day get out, that we will be touched again, in love or desire” (96). Offred tries to take care of herself as much as she can by maintaining her beauty in hopes of one day going back to her normal life. Gilead has deprived handmaids of many personal necessities one of them being basic face lotion. Offred has to steal butter to moisturize her face and when she does this it gives her some type of faith that one day she'll be able to feel the love she once had. The control over handmaids is very extreme, and shows how low they must be perceived in society to not be able to have such necessities they used to have before these strict
The epigraph in The Handmaid’s Tale amplifies the importance of fertility in Gilead. The quotation at the beginning of the book ‘‘And when Rachel saw the she bare Jacob no children, Rachel envied her sister, and said unto Jacob, Give me children or else I die...And she said, Behold my maid Bilhah, go in unto her; and she shall bear upon my knees,that I may also have children by her.’’ makes it seem that Gilead wants to go back to traditional values, thus manipulates its citizens that their ideology is correct since it corresponds with what the Bible says. Consequently, this state is telling its citizens that a woman’s worthiness only depends if she is able to produce or not. In fact women who are barren, and are not of a high class are sent to the colonies. The handmaids’s only purpose is further amplified through the rights Gilead abolishes; they can not communicate with others, in fact Offred says, ‘How I used to despise such talk. Now I long for it’ and are no longer able to go outside alone or without being spied...
In this case, ‘The Handmaid’s Tale’ illustrates men’s dissatisfaction with the legal roles of women, and how men abuse their status to create and modify more roles of women. For example, the protagonist Offred, a Handmaid, engages in sexual intercourse with the Commander of her current household in hopes of becoming pregnant (Atwood, p.104). Society permits the Commander the power to dehumanize Offred into a vessel to breed his offspring. He continues to abuse this power by imposing an arrangement on Offred to meet with him privately in his study to play Scrabble. Torn between her role as a Handmaid and heeding the direct request of the Commander, she ultimately decides to follow through with the latter (Atwood, ch. 23). While she assumes the role of a Handmaid in public, she takes on the role as the Commander’s ‘mistress’ in the privacy of his study and later at Jezebel’s (Atwood, ch.37). The text claims that: “It means you can’t cheat Nature,” he says. “Nature demands variety, for men. It stands to reason it’s part of the procreational strategy. It’s Nature’s plan.” (249) This encapsulates the existence of different, at times conflicting, conceptions men have on the role of women (Cain & et al., 2001, p.1408). And while the hierarchal system of the Gilead Republic’s
As The Handmaid’s Tale is considered an allegory of the social injustice women face against traditional expectations of their role in society, the symbolism of the Handmaids and other women as a whole for repressed feminine liberty and sexuality allows Atwood to connect her work to the theme between gender and expectations in her society. As Handmaids in the Republic of Gilead, females are stripped of their previous identity and are defined as a tool of reproduction for the men who is assigned them. At its core, these females are forced against their will to be mere tools, experiencing unwanted sex at least once a month, which Gilead names “The Ceremony”, hiding its true nature as a form of rape. Offred