The Fitt's and Posner's Phases of Learning
In 1967 Paul Fitts (Fitts) and Michael Posner (Posner) developed the
Classic Stages of learning model. They detailed the kinds of changes
and phases that learners go through when acquiring skill.
The three stages of learning of the Fitts and Posner model are best
understood as reflecting a continuum of practice time. The cognitive
stage represents the first portion of the continuum. This is followed
by the associative stage and then the autonomous stage. The transition
from one stage to the next is not abrupt; on the contrary, it is
gradual and the transition is difficult to detect as the learner may
at any point in time be at a particular stage or in transition between
stages.
However, the beginner and the skilled performer have distinct
characteristics that need to be understood. The concept of deliberate
practice helps to explain how this transformation comes about.
Cognitive stage
This is the first stage of the learning process where the beginner
tries to get to grip with the nature of the activity and to figure out
what to do. Verbal explanations and demonstrations are important.
Improvements are rapid but movements are jerky and uncoordinated. High
levels of concentration and attention are needed during this stage.
Example - a beginner learning to pass in hockey will be shown how to
pass by the teacher. The beginner watches the demonstration and
understands what needs to be done.
The concept of the cognitive stage is also to understand how the
activity is to be used in a game situation. Their first concern is to
understand the task and this often means attaching ver...
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...ut other things
such as tactics, strategy and disguise because the player does not
have to think about each component of the technique. This is something
that most players, when they reach this level will attain themselves
however it can be encouraged by pressure practices and game like
situations which will enhance the skill. Accuracy, consistency and
fluidity can be improved on in similar situation which result in the
player being able to perform the skill comfortably and to its maximum
effect enhancing the overall performance of the player. Coaches
feedback is still important during the autonomous stage.
Bibliography
* Advanced PE for Edexcel - Frank Galligan, Collin Maskery, Jon
Spence, DavisHowe, Tim Barry, Andy Ruston and Dee Crawford
* Physical Education and Sport - Paul Beashel and John Taylor
...focus of attention by showing his watch to his friends so that everyone could be around him. The child showed the ability to differentiate between reality and pretend by interacting with objects and communicating with the other children.
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