The Evidence for the Existence of Multiple Memory Systems

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The Evidence for the Existence of Multiple Memory Systems

Memory forms an important part of cognitive psychology and has been of

interest to numerous psychologists. This essay is going to refer

specifically to the information-processing model of memory and will

discuss the experimental evidence that exists for multiple memory

systems.

The multi-store model of memory was first developed by Atkinson and

Shiffrin (1968) and Waugh and Norman (1965).[1] It comprises sensory

stores, short term-store and long-term store to form a model of memory

and information processing. One component of the system is the sensory

register, where our feature detection and pattern recognition

processes produce a cognitive code that can be stored for a brief

period. The sensory storage does not depend on resource allocation, so

the person does not need to pay attention to the stimuli, and the

coding happens automatically. The sensory register is thought to be

modality specific, that is, part of the storage is auditory, part of

the storage is devoted to visual stimuli, and other parts devoted to

the other senses.

Sperling (1960) conducted many studies in the area of memory,

specifically sensory storage.[2] Sperling's main contribution has been

to find a technique which has been called the partial report

procedure. In one experiment he presented a matrix of 3 lines of four

letters each to his subject for 50msec. Under partial report procedure

a high, medium or low- pitched tone is produced at the same time as

the presentation is over and the task given to the subject is to

reproduce only the first, second or third line according to the pitch

of the ...

... middle of paper ...

...re in a short-term memory task.

[7]Eysenck, M, W. Cognitive Psychology, A student's Handbook, 4th

Edition. Psychology Press: Essex, 2000. p156.

[8] Eysenck, M, W. Cognitive Psychology, A student's Handbook, 4th

Edition. Psychology Press: Essex, 2000. p186.

[9]Best, J,B. Cognitive Psychology, 4th Edition.West Publishing

Company, Eastern Illinois University, 1995.

[10]Eysenck, M, W. Cognitive Psychology, A student's Handbook, 4th

Edition. Psychology Press: Essex, 2000.

[11]Best, J,B. Cognitive Psychology, 4th Edition.West Publishing

Company, Eastern Illinois University, 1995.

[12] Eysenck, M, W. Cognitive Psychology, A student's Handbook, 4th

Edition. Psychology Press: Essex, 2000.p 188.

[13] Eysenck, M, W. Cognitive Psychology, A student's Handbook, 4th

Edition. Psychology Press: Essex, 2000. p206.

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