It is a phrase that inspires awe of the accomplishments of the human race. It is a phrase that inspires fear for the mankind. Artificial intelligence has the potential for great, wondrous things, as well as those that are horrid and terrible. Writers have often played on this fear of other forms of intelligence – this fear of the unknown – and nothing can be worse than being outsmarted and surpassed by one’s own creation. Artificial intelligence, or AI, has the potential to be extremely beneficial to humanity, but there are costs and problems that could arise as a result of it.
Technical Description:
In truth, AI does not necessarily refer to laser wielding robots hell bent on human eradication. “Artificial” is defined as “made by humans; produced rather than natural” and “intelligence” as “the capacity to acquire and apply knowledge” .1 AI itself is referred to as “…the scientific understanding of the mechanisms underlying thought and intelligent behavior and their embodiment in machines.”2 It is the science and engineering of making machines that are equally or even more capable of achieving goals in the world as are humans. There are many different branches and types of AI, each with its own applications and approaches to problems.
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Logical AI: all facts about the situation and the goals are represented in mathematical logical language and the program decides by understanding that certain actions lead to certain results and eventually the goal Search: the program examines a large number of possible actions, understands how to do this more efficiently Pattern Recognition: program makes observations, then compares to patterns Representation: facts about the world are represented in mathematical log...
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...ld, Eyal. “CYC”
7. Reingold, Eyal. “Expert Systems”, “Artificial Neural Networks”, “Game Playing”, “Robotics and Computer vision”, “Artificial Life”
8. Reynolds, Craig. “Boids”.
http://www.red3d.com/cwr/boids/index.html
9. “Speech Recognition”.
http://www.hearinglossweb.com/Technology/SpeechRecognition/speech_recognition.htm
10.“Natural Language Processing”
http://research.microsoft.com/nlp/
11. The Tech: “machines and man: ethics and robotics in the 21st century”
http://www.thetech.org/robotics/ethics/index.html
12. The Tech: “Question #1”
13. The Tech: “Question #2”
14. The Tech: “Question #4”; Lewis: “What of the human work force?”
15. The Tech: “Question #3”; Lewis: “Military Funding”
16. Reingold, Eyal. “AI and Consciousness”
17. “Interesting AI Demos and Projects”
http://www.cs.wisc.edu/~dyer/cs540/demos.html
Quantitative easing (or just ‘QE”) is a program carried out by the US central bank, otherwise known as the Federal Reserve. It is an unconventional program designed to artificially stimulate markets in recessionary periods via printing new money into existence to buy up particular monetary instruments. Purchasing these instruments works to push the interest rates large banks pay the Fed down to nearly zero in order to loosen up credit (currently 0.25%), as well as push down yield rates on US treasury bonds in order to keep the interest on the US National debt feasible. Since the housing collapse of 2008 (otherwise known as the ‘Great Recession’) the Fed has been purchasing up these toxic mortgage backed securities and...
Students with learning disabilities in the regular classroom may have challenges that require special attention. If the teacher is able to identify the disabilities and the features associated with them then the teacher can tailor the lessons to meet the needs of the students. These may include differentiated instruction and facilitating an inclusive classroom which will see inclusive strategies employed that will cater to the needs of students with learning disabilities. These inclusive strategies can range from individualized learning programs to team and co-teaching. In some cases, the teacher can arrange for a special education teacher or arrange for a pull out program to assist students who have learning disabilities. Strategies that will also cater to learning disabilities may also include the use of technology. According to Ford 2013 ‘In some situations it may be best for students with LD to be taught in separate pull out classrooms with a teacher who can provide targeted skill instruction in areas where a student is struggling.’ ‘When provided appropriate support within this setting, many of these students can achieve academically and develop positive self-esteem and social skills. (American Speech-Language-Hearing Association 1991). They also recommend that schools should ‘require in-service programs for all school personnel to give them the knowledge and skills necessary to provide education for students with learning disabilities in the regular education classroom.’ Schools should include activities to help participants learn strategies to meet individual needs of students, foster attitudes conductive to educating students with learning disabilities in the regular education classroom, and promote
A self-contained classroom is generally made up of a small number of students, who work with a special education teacher and are taught self-help skills as well as academics. Often, students in the classroom work on different academic levels and some may receive a higher level of specialization of care or attention. Furthermore, placement in the general classroom versus a self-containment classroom may come down to accommodations. If accommodations for a student are dramatically altered or modified beyond the general classroom curriculum, then student would benefit from self-containment classroom instead of full inclusion. If this student was in a full inclusion setting with such accommodations, the student could easily fall behind in the general classroom. Additionally, since a general classroom is larger than a self-contained classroom, students with disabilities may not receive the best academics assistance or help from a paraprofessional as needed to adjust to the curriculum. Moreover, some students disabilities are so profound that the student is non-verbal, unable to read or write, making communication harder in a general classroom setting. For example, a student with disabilities that is non-verbal may have other ways, such as cues to communicate with. If a teacher in a general classroom setting is concentrating on
Apartheid began in 1948, also a beginning to a series of long, tiring, and sometimes violent struggles for the people of South Africa. The segregation laws implemented by the minority white population in control of the government divided the whites and colored peoples in most aspects of their lives. The laws negatively affected the majority of the country’s population and resistances quickly began to rise. The original fights for reforms became violent through sections of the African National Congress and the Pan-African Congress. However, it soon became obvious to many people that violence was hardly effective and seemed to result in a larger death toll rather than reforms. Thus, the nonviolent resistances towards apartheid in South Africa quickly became more effective than violent struggles, also becoming the main force towards the removal of racist laws that drastically changed the lives of the majority colored population.
Nick Bilton starts “Artificial Intelligence as a Threat” with a comparison of Ebola, Bird flu, SARS, and artificial intelligence. Noted by Bilton, humans can stop Ebola, bird flu, and SARS. However, artificial intelligence, if it ever exceeds human intelligence, would not be stoppable by humans. Bilton, in his article, argues that AI is the biggest threat to humans at our current time, more serious than Ebola and other diseases. Bilton references many books and articles which provide examples of threats of AI.
Links999. Ethical and moral issues regarding artificial intelligence. Links999.org, 24 Apr. 2011. Web. 25 Apr. 2011. .
Students with disabilities have educational rights under a special law called the Individuals with Disabilities Education Act (IDEA) which mandates that students with disabilities have a free and appropriate education (Curry School of Education, n/d). The law requires that special needs students should also be placed in the least restrictive environment (LRE) suitable for their needs(Curry School of Education, n/d). The LRE for some students is often the g...
In order to see how artificial intelligence plays a role on today’s society, I believe it is important to dispel any misconceptions about what artificial intelligence is. Artificial intelligence has been defined many different ways, but the commonality between all of them is that artificial intelligence theory and development of computer systems that are able to perform tasks that would normally require a human intelligence such as decision making, visual recognition, or speech recognition. However, human intelligence is a very ambiguous term. I believe there are three main attributes an artificial intelligence system has that makes it representative of human intelligence (Source 1). The first is problem solving, the ability to look ahead several steps in the decision making process and being able to choose the best solution (Source 1). The second is the representation of knowledge (Source 1). While knowledge is usually gained through experience or education, intelligent agents could very well possibly have a different form of knowledge. Access to the internet, the la...
Nelson Mandela is a South African former winner of the Nobel Peace Prize and who became the first black President of South Africa on 19 May 1994. He helped end apartheid system in South Africa for the freedom of its black and coloured population. Furthermore, Mandela faced imprisonment for opposing apartheid law. Apartheid is a policy of racial segregation in South Africa where the white-government divided its people.
Parents always want the best for their children, and most importantly, they want the best education and the best environment. Deciding which school to place their child to get an education can at times be a hard decision. Education in general is a form of learning where the knowledge, skills, and habits of a group of people are carried from one generation to the next through teaching, training, or even research. There are many types of education that schools offer to use in the classroom and inclusive education is one of them. Inclusive education in the classroom is incorporating students with disabilities in all, or some of the day, in a classroom with students without disabilities. Inclusion of students that have learning disabilities into regular general education classes has become a priority in many school districts. Many reasons supports providing opportunities for students with learning disabilities; to learn and interact with their peers that do not have disabilities, learn age- appropriate social skills, they’re more independent and acquire developmentally advanced skills, and develop friendships. The general education classrooms affect the achievement of the students as well as the social behavior. Placing disabled students in these classrooms affects many aspects of not only their lives, but the teachers and other students as well.
The robot revolution has begun! The eradication of the human race by the cold, cunning, and calculating autonomous army of artificial intelligence is imminent and unstoppable… or is it? While our world is becoming increasingly dependant on new technologies, artificial intelligence is steadily progressing its importance in business, creativity, and labor efficiency. To understand the growing role of artificial intelligence, it is important to understand where it began and where it is headed.
In considering the definitions and implications of Artificial Intelligence, many philosophers have reached extremely different conclusions. Alan Turing, author of the Turing Test, believed that an intelligent machine would be able to imitate perfectly a human. Margaret Boden, Professor of Philosophy and Psychology at the University of Sussex, contends that a machine is intelligent if it possesses and displays certain human values. Moving away from the pure...
Artificial intelligence has become a big controversy between scientists within the past few years. Will artificial intelligence improve our communities in ways we humans can’t, or will they just cause danger to us? I believe that artificial intelligence will only bring harm to our communities. There are multiple reasons why artificial intelligence will bring danger to humanity, some of them being: you can’t trust them, they will lead to more unemployment, and they will cause more obesity.
Nelson Mandela is known as one of the most world peace fighting and most respected people in history. Nelson Rolihlahla Mandela was the first South African president to be elected in a fully representative democratic election in 1994. He was born 18 July 1918 in South Africa. Mandela was an anti-apartheid activist, and the leader of the armed wing of the African National Congress (ANC). In 1962 he was arrested and convicted of sabotage and other charges, and sentenced to life in prison. Mandela served 28 years in prison, spending many of these years on Robben Island. He was released on February, 11th in 1990. Nelson Mandela is a great factor of why the Apartheid system fell.(Encyclopedia, 1997)
In 1948, apartheid was introduced to South Africa. Apartheid means apartness and is the political policy of racial segregation. Each racial group was segregated from other races within South Africa. These groups consisted of whites, blacks and coloreds (Asians and Indians). The minority white population had the rule over the whole country. Apartheid did not only detach whites from non-whites, but it also set apart the Blacks from the Coloreds. When apartheid ended in 1994 a legacy was left behind. Crime and violence became replacements for the road to wealth. Segregation never completely disappeared and black children/teens were also not receiving enough education. Families became split due to apartheid and the loss of parents from AIDS. Lastly Nelson Mandela has also made a huge impact on South Africa. Although many negative events occurred after apartheid, improvements have been made for black South Africans today.