In this essay I ultimately want to address the musical episode of Buffy the Vampire Slayer, "Once More with Feeling" (season 6, episode 7). However, I do not want to look at this episode in isolation from the remainder of the Buffy franchise but rather argue that it exemplifies a certain entertainment strategy that courses through the Buffyverse. Now it seems to me that entertainment is either too often denigrated as a specific ideological formation that produces negative effects of audience passivity as against more overtly challenging texts, or, alternatively, entertainment is celebrated within a postmodern theoretical framework that views the multiplicity of pleasures afforded as inherently productive and even oppositional. Alternatively I want to concentrate on entertainment for entertainment's sake which is to say as a dialectical operation that in Fredric Jameson's terms intermingles wish fulfilment and repression by arousing radical fantasies in order to contain them (Jameson, 1990: 25).
In order to analyse this mechanism I will concentrate less on consumers and ideology (that assumes unilateral transmission) and more on fans and affect (that inscribes a dialectical procedure into reception). What seems to me to be of specific interest therefore is the manner in which Joss Whedon, Marti Noxon and the other writers/directors working on Buffy for Twentieth Century Fox target affect and fans by constructing scenarios that feed into and exceed audience expectation. I will argue that his formula culminates in the episode "Once More With Feeling" that ventures beyond Jameson's dialectical formula in that it appears to wilfully play with wish fulfilment/invocation that both figuratively and literally run the risk of arousing utopian fantasies that cannot be contained. Before turning to the musical episode in particular I believe our exposition would benefit from a brief survey of critical approaches to the Buffyverse.
The critical material on Buffy the Vampire Slayer, in print at least (see here the Slayage online journal), is expanding but currently somewhat limited. However, as a general rule two tendencies emerge. The first is to treat some self-contained aspect of "Buffy the Vampire Slayer" as an ideological work. Such analyses concentrate upon the encoded more or less implicitly pre-determined messages that the text transmits. Certainly some ideological responses are definitely triggered by Buffy and I will briefly make reference to two critical examples. Brian Wall and Michael Zyrd adopt a Marxist master frame of analysis to determine the world historical content of Buffy.
In Highbrow, Lowbrow, Levine argues that a distinction between high and low culture that did not exist in the first half of the 19th century emerged by the turn of the century and solidified during the 20th century, and that despite a move in the last few decades toward a more ecumenical interpretation of “culture,” the distinction between high art and popular entertainment and the revering of a canon of sacred, inalterable cultural works persists. In the prologue Levine states that one of his central arguments is that concepts of cultural boundaries have changed over the period he treats. Throughout Highbrow, Lowbrow, Levine defines culture as a process rather than a fixed entity, and as a product of interactions between the past and the present.
In Justin Pearson's memoir, From the Graveyard of the arousal Industry, he recounts the events that occured from his early years of adolesence to the latter years of his adulthood telling the story of his unforgiving and candid life. Set in the late 1970s "Punk" rock era, From the Graveyard of the Arousal Industry offers a valuable perspective about the role culture takes in our lives, how we interact with it and how it differs from ideology.
In Buffy, the film style is stereotypical and over exaggerated. The blonde bimbo cheerleader who faces the evil vampire with the black cape and fangs. The dialogue sounding somewhat like "that was so 5 minutes ago" and "oh, get out of my facial". Perhaps the stereotypical settings are used to make a clear contrast with Buffy when she begins to accept her true identity. She drops the bimbo attitude and takes life more seriously,
Throughout much of recorded human history, people have written tales of the dead returning to life, usually to trouble the living in some way. These traditional myths have progressed from ancient superstitions, to campfire ghost stories, to television shows such as Joss Whedon's Buffy the Vampire Slayer. In the series, vampires are created from the dead victims of other vampires (as long as a certain rite is performed during the victim's death). After a time they rise from their graves and immediately seek to kill and drink the blood of the living. Creatures such as these are, as Lacan [give first name when you first mention someone] describes them, "between the two deaths" and live again only to fulfill insistent, mechanical drive. This drive, often centered on killing, vengeance, or some other quest for closure, is distinct from desire in that it is not "caught up in dialectical trickery" (Zizek 21). According to Zizek [ditto], normal desires are not always what they seem, for when we desire something, we may be seeking something else entirely (21). Most of the vampires in Buffy the Vampire Slayer fit Lacan's profile of between the two deaths, and, as one might expect, they are antagonists to the protector of the living, Buffy. However, in the musical episode "Once More, with Feeling," Whedon explores two protagonists who are also between the two deaths, each struggling to revert back to their prior state of being, but both in a different situation. One of these characters, Spike, once fit the archetype of the vampire, but now faces difficulty as he is forced to cope with normal dialectical desire in order to exist in the civilized, symbolic world. The other, Buffy, fulfilled the death drive when she sa...
In assessing the impact and effect of popular cultural forms like MTV, it is important to acknowledge the extent to which, rather than having them imposed upon us, we may instead appropriate or assimilate parts, whilst choosing to reject or ignore the rest. This, of course, has the consumer or viewer acting (or perhaps more accurately interacting) as opposed to simply passively receiving (Philo par 16).Even though critics of MTV stand strongly against the passive consumer, th...
Most people aren't even sure what good ObamaCare is supposed to bring. President Obama developed this bill and signed it in as law to better protect his people. He knew that many American citizens do not have health care. This law is supposed to bring us to have better access to health care and to make it way more affordable. To be more readily accessible Obama contracted out the development of a website that anyone could access and applying would be quick and easy. However, the website, which was initially released...
There are many different uses of alternative medicine and that can be used in a variety of situations. Some people may be skeptical of alternative medicine since they are not aware of the facts and statistics. By homeopathy becoming more popular people will not be as skeptical. “Despite the successes of many alternative therapies, the phrase "alternative medicine" has not acquired a completely respectable air. To many, especially doctors trained in conventional medicine, "alternative therapies" seem unscientific and dangerous” (Badertscher). As the author shows that although alternative medicine may seem skeptical to people, there are many reasons to prove that alternative medicine is an overall better solution. Badertscher also explains the many benefits to his view of alternative medicine of seeking to work with the body 's own natural healing processes” (Badertscher). For example, a person may suffer from chronic back pain may decide to go to a chiropractor instead of using medication such as oxycodone. In this Badertscher shows the benefit that using the body’s natural healing does and that it puts the person in control of their
For many centuries, humanity has been on an eternal quest for cures and treatments for many chronic conditions. At the present time, conventional medicine is mostly performed by doctors and other health care professionals, with the extensive use of pharmaceutical drugs, surgery or radiation treatments for disease treatment. Conversely, even though not as popular, complementary and alternative medicine and treatment options are slowly gaining popularity and becoming an addition to traditional medicine.
There has been a growing trend over the past few years in health care using Complementary and Alternative Medicine (CAM) or also known as Eastern medicine. The new and emerging type of health care has been around for thousands of years, but in recent years have been more accepting in Western culture. CAM is described as, “a wide range of practices, technologies and treatments not traditionally associated with the medical professions or medical curriculum” (Solomon & Adams, 2015). There are many different types of CAM health care. Some of the more popular practices include acupuncture, massage therapy, aromatherapy, reflexology, chiropractic and herbal remedies. Each of these therapies are used in different ways to help with the overall
The country is divided about Obamacare, although its needed it is just a bandaid that covers the wounds of many Americans sending a message to other countries that America takes care of its own. However, Obamacare is not the means to the end of this healthcare crisis. millions of people are going without healthcare and billions are being spent and waisted on repeated visits to physicians offices and emergency rooms that offer medicines to cover symptoms and not to cure the cause.
My first reason for supporting Obamacare is that there are now more consumer rights and protections for patients. Before Obamacare, patients could get taken advantage by insurance companies. If a child that had a condition like asthma or diabetes insurance companies turned them down. Under the new healthcare law, no American can be denied by an insurance company due to an illness or injury. Today there are approximately 17.6 million American children that have a pre existing health condition. Now they can all be covered and many lives could be saved (“Healthcare”). It is amazing that every American can get healthcare now, but what is the point if we do not know how to use it. Many Americans are clueless when it comes to healthcare. Obamacare will change that. If a state applies for the new healthcare law, they can establish offices to help consumers become more educated about healthcare. Healthcare is a wonderful thing to have for you and your family, but it will go to waste assuming we do not understand it. In fact with the new law, insurance companies must put their information online allowing consumers to compare the prices of different companies side by side. Obamacare provides you with all the information you need to become more educated about healthcare (“Features of Healthcare”).
Oswald, Laura. Jean Genet and the Semiotics of Performance. United States of America: Indiana University Press, 1989. Print.
The majority of the population gets sick or gets some medical condition and will head straight to the doctor for a prescription; prescriptions that will have a long list of side effects that sometimes seem worse than the original problem. They will buy pricey visits with specialists, when after visiting ten doctors the problem just keeps coming back, if it even ever went away at all. There has to be a simpler way. Something that doesn't come with a large price tag and doesn't have side effects; it fixes the illness and doesn't just mask the symptoms. Alternative medicine is becoming more and more popular because it attempts to find the underlying cause of the patient’s condition rather than focusing solely on symptomatic treatment. With many conditions there are simple, natural, and effective cures that could be considered next time as an alternative to traditional medicine or used with traditional medicine to reach optimal health.
Complementary and alternative medicine (CAM) is a treatment or cure that is given additionally along with doctor’s care. There are many different CAMs such as acupuncture, hypnosis, yoga, massage and herbal therapy. They are very popular in Asia, especially among Chinese communities. However, the use of CAM is very limited in the health care system of many Western countries, including Canada, due to several reasons. In my point of view, it should be formally recognized and provided as a part of mainstream health care system. Firstly, people nowadays would prefer complementary and alternative medicine rather than conventional medicine. Secondly, the altitude of healthcare professionals has changed a lot, most of young physicians are now considering the use of CAMs into their practice. Finally, the government needs to regulate some of the CAM treatments so in order to promote the use of CAMs and create a better healthcare system.
The societal acceptance and popularity of complementary and alternative medicine contains many facets of reason. The values that CAM embodies and the gaps in traditional medicine it is able to fill both contribute to its high rates of success in the past decades. However, its growing appeal to both the economic and political forces that drive our country has given CAM the leverage it needs to become an intrinsic part of the medical world.