Reports state that drowning is the leading cause of unintentional death making it a major health risk. This is especially significant because the death of a child accounts for life lost and emotional damage for families and communities. Adding to the tragedy are the 5,000 more children who have experienced near-drowning emergencies (Centers of Disease Control and Prevention, 2012). This is also a significant community health risk; placing the burden of cost on the community. It is estimated that care costs for drowning victims account for $250,000 per year. Drowning is preventable and prevention programs exist which can reduce its impact, however, community based programs are lacking. Because families are the first to respond to a drowning it is important to provide information that will guide their actions, however, prevention is key. Most parents do not realize that within a matter of moments, children can slip beneath the water and drown. Water is fun, but it is also deadly.
PICO (T) and the Evidence
This presentation was developed based upon the following question: For parents ...
Every summer, millions of people take advantage of rising temperatures by swimming in backyard pools. Tragically though, hundreds of youngsters fall victim to drowning each year. As such, it is crucial to communicate a clear set of rules to help avoid accidents and promote safety both in and around the water. The urgent care providers at 181st Street Urgent Care Center in New York, NY, suggest the following set of guidelines to ensure a safe and festive swim season.
“Skeletons don’t like to stay in closets,” Clare states in the first pages of Learning Not to Drown, a novel by Anna Sindoa. The protagonist of the novel, Clare, and has plenty of skeletons in her closet, but one in particular stands out from the crowd. Luke, her older brother, just got released from prison for the 3rd time and even though she doesn’t show it, her fear is unimaginable. Anna Shindoa uses a non-linear plot line with narrating shifts and abrupt transitions to provide additional perspectives to the story this structure highlights the twists and turns that ultimately lead to the conclusion that for one to move on with life, they first have to accept their past.
Through a series of “recorded interviews,” Jenna tells her story of woe in Ilsa J. Bick’s novel Drowning Instinct, weaving a tale of dysfunctional family relationships, traumatic experiences, and adolescent pain that descends further and further into tragedy until readers are left feeling as overwhelmed and conflicted as Jenna herself.
This reflex is also present in humans, although not to the same intense degree as seen in cold water native mammals, and not for the same reasons. Only in recent years have this reflex and the benefits it can provide in the survival of cold water drowning been observed and researched in humans. The focus of this paper is three-fold: first to explain the physiological process that is the mammalian diving reflex and how it is triggered; next the role the mammalian diving reflex plays in the survival of potential cold-water downers; thirdly, how doctors are using this reflex in the practice of modern medicine.
Before commencement of the diving reflex, three critical changes have to occur to the body in order to stimulate the diving reflex. First to occur is change in the heart rate, this occurs immediately when the face has contact with cold water the human heart rate slows down ten to twenty-five percent. Seals for example undergo extreme changes in their heart rates, from going approximately 125 beats per minute to as low as 10 on a lengthened dive. (Arterial gas tensions, 1989). By slowing the heart rate it reduces the need for bloodstream oxygen, dispensing more to be utilized by other vital organs. Following the heart rate changes peripheral vasoconstriction sets in, which is the narrowing of blood vessels to reduce blood flow and is achieved by a muscular contraction in the blood vessel walls. This decreases the amount of blood that flows to peripheral organs in which do not need a high level of oxygen to function. This is the prevention of blood circulation to certain areas, first to close off are the Toes and fingers, then hands and feet, and ultimately arms and legs. The constriction allows for more blood for use by the heart, brain and organs. Lastly, the blood shift that occurs only during very deep dives. When this happens organ and circulatory walls allow plasma and water to pass freely throughout the thoracic cavity, so its pressure stays constant and prevents the organs from being crushed. In this stage, the lungs' alveoli fill up with blood plasma, which is reabsorbed as soon as the animal leaves the pressurized surrounding. This stage of the diving reflex has been observed in humans such as deep diving scuba divers, who can reach distances of approximately 90+ metres. Therefore, both a conscious and an unconscious pers...
This paper is about how to deal with or counsel children who have been sexually abused, and the long term effects from sexual abuse that children may develop from this kind of abuse. This paper will consist of a counseling model that is sufficient, effective, and necessary when dealing with children who have been sexually abused.
Has your child admitted that someone in their life has sexually abused them, and you aren’t sure where to turn? It doesn’t matter if the abuser was a public caretaker or figure, or if the incident happened privately, you need legal protection and a legal consultation right away.
Childhood trauma has a significant impact on the life of a child. It affects the child’s overall functioning and development, including emotional, cognitive, behavioral, and social elements. (Perry, Pollard, Blaicley, Baker, & Vigilante, 1995). An overwhelming number of children experience some type of trauma in developmentally critical years which, as previously mentioned, has a major impact on the various aspects of their functioning- specifically their development. Trauma can present itself in a multitude of forms. It may occur that the child lives or lived in a state of poverty or that he suffered a significant injury or the loss of a parent or caregiver. A disheartening number of children experience neglect or abuse in its various forms;
In Nicaragua, we used to have a class trip at the end of the school year. When I was 12 years old, the teachers decided to go to a wonderful beach, San Juan del Sur. A lot of tourists go there for surfing. It was an amazing trip. My classmates and I decided to go deep into the ocean. Catch the waves, that shouldn't be an issue if you know how to swim, which I didn't. Needless to say, I got caught by a second wave I didn't see coming, and I started to drown. I remember the darkness, despair, and hopelessness of sinking. Amazingly seconds felt like minutes. Thankfully someone came and pulled me out. Unfortunately, that has not been the only time that I
to injuries as the cause of death in children less than fifteen years of age.
While many adolescence have disabilities that effect their way of life, the least spoken about disability is Posttraumatic Stress Disorder especially when pertaining to child sexual abuse. The article “Trauma Characteristics and Posttraumatic Stress Disorder among Adolescent Survivors of Childhood Sexual Abuse” reveals the contexts of PTSD along with a randomized controlled case study of 83 female adolescents who undergone such abuse. This study was conducted by doctoral-level clinicians using various measures including but not limited to: Child PTSD Symptom Scale, Beck Depression Inventory, Personal Experience Screening Questionnaire, and Trauma History Interview. In addition, a data analytic approach was used to subdivide each adolescent’s trauma by type, number of victimizations, as well as the relationship to the perpetrator.
in the literature. Additionally, resilience literature has indicated that particular trauma-exposed adolescents may be affected differently than their trauma-exposed peers (Murphey, Barry, & Vaughn, 2013). Specifically, research has suggested that particular personality traits or individual qualities may buffer negative mental health outcomes after experiences of trauma through maximizing internal and external resources to overcome such adverse experiences (Hampson & Friedman, 2008). This raises a remarkable question: Are some adolescents capable of not only enduring trauma, but also experiencing positive psychological change following such experiences?
Studies have indicated that the parent’s age, cultural and socioeconomic background, and developmental behaviours of children act as barriers to expectations of adequate child safety (Smithson, Garside, & Pearson, 2011). Adolescent or young parents often lack the experience and knowledge to understand a developing child’s abilities, therefore safety interventions are often underestimated. Cultural backgrounds have different standards and knowledge of acceptable child safety. Socio-economic hardship, can increase the potential to injury due to living environment, provisions for safety and access to resources (Smithson et al., 2011). Public health programs need to be put in place to allow every parent free access to information and resources needed for successful intervention in child injury prevention and child
The effects of child abuse are multiple. The pain and trauma the abused child goes through is just a small part of how this cauldron of hidden depravity in our society affects all of us. Wrecked lives can be seen in persons of all ages and in all walks of life. Society as a whole is also effected by child abuse both in negative and positive ways. In this essay I will present some of the factor and results of this violent behavior on individuals as well as our culture.
Imagine being a mother or a father standing in the kitchen doing dishes when out of nowhere a familiar scream hits your ears. The first thing you do is ask yourself “Where are my kids?” The phone rings and your next-door neighbor informs you that he/she has called 911 and you should come right away. You slam down the phone and in a panic you run down your walk across the street, arriving just as the ambulance backs into the drive. Next thing you know your 11-year-old son Billy, broken and bleeding, is being sped to the hospital. Far-fetched, as this story may seem it is happening more and more everyday. Billy got hurt because he and his friends were re-enacting a move they had seen on WWF the night before.