Sigmund Freud and Carl Jung started out their relationship as mentor and mentee, respectively. Jung diverted from Freudian thought to create his own theories after discovering how many ways he did not agree with Freud. The differences between these two psychologists are extremely visible with the use of application and comparison. Numerous examples of Freudian practice and analysis are found in A.A. Brill’s The Basic Writings of Sigmund Freud. Freud’s no-holds-barred form of therapy, commonly known as free association, is radical in its own right; let alone when compared to Jung’s analytical approach. Robertson Davies’s The Manticore provides a storyline that exemplifies Jung’s analytical therapy. Although both schools of psychology provide a belief or practice of therapy, projection, and religion, they are extremely unique, and can shed light on the core differences between Freud and Jung.
Jung’s analytical therapy attempts to resolve internal conflict between the unconscious and conscious within the individual by creating a balance. Davies’s use of Jungian therapy in The Manticore shows that, in contrast to Freud’s psychoanalysis, the therapist’s input is necessary to guiding the client to this balance. For clients such as Davey, the story’s main character, it can be difficult to come up with reasons for life issues, and/or how an experience or person in their pasts can cause problems within the clients’ psyche in the future. Having a knowledgeable expert who provides both guidance and advice alone can lessen clients’ anxiety over being in therapy.
Freud’s free association therapy, also known as psychoanalysis, is much less individual-targeted than Jung’s is. Instead of having a guided experience with the analyst li...
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...ance. By approaching religion as simply another tool in analytical therapy, Jung puts himself at an advantage by having another element to factor into his analyses of clients.
Analytic therapies are often at odds over which type is the most objective. Freud’s psychoanalysis, as basic as it is, leaves room for unrelated and unimportant information to cloud a client’s judgment and conclusions. Jungian therapy provides a guideline that trains the client, and is both logical and open to change. As Davies comes to a closing of The Manticore, he writes about Davey having both clarity and happiness- both of which he had been missing in the beginning of his therapy with Dr. von Haller. “…and I was free to go down if I pleased. And I did please, for I sensed that there was treasure down there. I was filled with happiness, and I knew that this was what I wanted most.”
...Jung, whose assertions not only help in the clinical aspect, but in the search for the common message in all of human literary (this includes oral) tradition. Hawthorne’s Gothic shows, whether conscious or not, the underlying conflict that lies within the people of his time as well as the time in which each of his stories take place. It is with this that the key to understanding the self lies within the commonly untapped recesses of the unconscious, an uncomfortable and unnerving concept for everyone, particularly those that have many things to hide.
In today’s society, education is more liberal, allowing people to think for themselves and providing them with a broader education. This differs from many years ago, when education was more conservative. Education was very basic, consisting of only academic classes and no electives. People with a more conservative education would never go against what they were taught. However, liberally educated people of today can go against what they are taught, research it themselves, and make new conclusions about their studies. A liberal education enables people to deal with the forces that control their life. It frees them from the restraints in everyday life. Having such a broad education allows people to deal with such forces. Four psychologists have written essays and constructed theories that can agree that liberal education is of a greater stature than conservatively educated. The essays are “The Theory of Multiple Intelligences,” written by Howard Gardner, “The Personal and Collective Unconscious,” written by Carl Jung, “The Allegory of the Cave,” written by Plato, and “From the Interpretation of Dreams,” written by Sigmund Freud.
"The Archetypes and the Collected Unconscious."The Collected Works of C.G. Jung. 2nd ed. Ed. Carl G. Jung. London: Routledge, 1990. 393-417.
Murdock (2013) identifies that psychoanalytic therapy is designed for long-term counseling. Freud often recommended a two-week trial period to ensure that a client is suitable for analysis (Murdock, 2013). Ana’s insurance has approved 8 sessions, which does not allow this theory to fully be supported.
Freud, S. (1957b). Some character types met with in psychoanalytic work. In J. Strachey (Ed. & Trans.), The standard edition of the complete psychological works of Sigmund Freud (Vol. 14, pp. 309–333). London: Hogarth Press. (Original work published 1916)
In the first part of this paper I shall summarise the concepts of Psychoanalysis and Behaviour theories, as in my view theory in itself is an argument for a concept. Theory is a collection of propositions to illustrate principles of a subject (Oxford Dictionary, 1976). Secondly this paper explores similarities concerning the theories, eventually leading to a conclusion concerning their significance in today's therapeutic arena.
A one-time disciple of Sigmund Freud's, Carl Gustav Jung (1875-1961) is credited with contributing significantly to the burgeoning field of psychotherapy by formulating some of the first ideas regarding dream analysis, psychological complexes and archetypes (paradigmatic images or instinctive impulses to action). As part of his search for universal keys to the human psyche, Jung also studied and wrote numerous commentaries throughout his career on Eastern religious texts and practices. His reading of Buddhism however, is fundamentally faulted as evidenced by his misunderstanding and misrepresentation of mandala symbolism.
The book Memories, Dreams, and Reflections features Jung's childhood, his personal life, and exploration into the psyche in association with religion as well. Jung reveals much of life experiences and acquaintances that were forged throughout his life. Aside from self-reflections, thoughts, and ideas, Jung also offers recall of early memories—childhood dreams, visions, in connection with his adulthood. Although Jung was not without his faults, he ponders on his weaknesses, some that he accepted and worked with—dipping into the unconsciousness (darkness) to find meaning. Similar to prior readings, Jung also attempts to find meaning in his own life, "meaninglessness inhibits fullness of life and is therefore the equivalent to illness.” Furthermore, Jung states that people are childish and they have to be guided through religion in order to adapt to reality. Therefore, religious enlightenment is necessary to promote healthy well-being of humankind. “How are they ever to emerge if analysis does not make them aware of something different or better?” questions Jung.
Freud, S., Strachey, J., Freud, A., Rothgeb, C., & Richards, A. (1953). The standard edition of the complete psychological works of Sigmund Freud (1st ed.). London: Hogarth Press.
Psychoanalysis is a theory that explores personality traits on the conscious and unconscious level. According to TheFreeDictionary.com, “Psychoanalysis is the most intensive form of an approach to treatment called psychodynamic therapy. Psychodynamic refers to a view of human personality that results from interactions between conscious and unconscious factors. The purpose of all forms of psychodynamic treatment is to bring unconscious mental material and processes into full consciousness so that the patient can gain more control over his or her life” (Psychoanalytic Treatment). Sigmund Freud is the founder of the Psychoanalysis Theory. He had many followers. One of those followers was Jung. As time went on, Jung’s perspective on personality
Sigmund Freud and Albert Ellis are widely recognized as two of the most influential psychotherapists of the twentieth century. “It is argued that the striking differences in their therapeutic systems, Rational Emotive Behaviour Therapy (REBT) and psychoanalysis, respectively, are rooted in more fundamental theoretical differences concerning the essential nature of client personality” (Ziegler 75). This paper will discuss in detail, both Sigmund Freud’s Psychoanalytical Therapy and Albert Ellis’ Rational Emotive Therapy, as well as compare and contrast both theories.
The aim of this essay is to clarify the basic principles of Freud’s theories and to raise the main issues.
While Freud rarely made use of hypnotism, he did not advise against its use on an individual basis as a means of self-analysis. Citing the potential damage resulting from a therapist...
The Adlerian approach in therapy differs from all other approaches in its perception of human emotions and strivings. As the other theories solely focused on the past of humans and their unconscious minds, Adler and his followers stressed more on social interest and community feeling, even though they don’t ignore other factors such as one’s childhood events. The latter believed than people have an innate sense of inferiority that will make them pursue happiness, success as well as fulfill their ambitions. In other words, Adlerians tend to help clients in therapy sessions to become more aware of these free privileges that they can have access to. Hence, the therapy journey is characterized by four main phases through which the therapist hope to achieve his goals in accordance with the client’s case. First of all, the therapist will begin by establishing a healthy relationship with the client. Therefore he creates a secure environment for the client to let him feel that he can open up and describe his experiences without having to worry about being judged. The therapist will also set his goals clear, share them with the client, and provide him with important information about his rights (Corey, 2009). The second phase will focus then on exploring the client’s psychological dynamics and general information about the person’s lifestyle. The exploration takes place in two parts: the objective interview and the subjective interview. In the subjective interview, the therapist will assist the client in exploring persistent habits and patterns in his daily life. Whereas the objective interview will tackle more general ideas about the client’s medical and social history that may help identi...
Carl G. Jung was a psychiatrist and psychotherapist from Switzerland (Lightfoot, 2010). Jung has constructed and developed several concepts including extraversion and introversion, collective unconscious and archetypes (Hjelle and Ziegler, 1992). Besides, Jung has a system of personality (also known as psyche), which is analytical psychology, suggested that intrapsychic forces can motivate humans and the shared evolutionary history among people can actually derived different images (Hjelle and Ziegler, 1992). The deep-rooted spiritual concerns are involved in the inherited unconscious and this also can explain why people in the world strive for creative expression and psychic completion (Hjelle and Ziegler, 1992). In this essay, it will discuss about Jung’s collective unconscious, different evidences that support it, the theory of Archetypes and how it can affect our daily life.