In the British System members of the Cabinet are drawn from and are therefore accountable for Parliament – so the executive and legislature are thus fused. It can duly be referred as The Dictatorship of the Cabinet. So, the Prime Minister will draw Cabinet members from MPs in the House of Commons or member of the House of Lords (and can even make someone a Lord specifically to put them in the Cabinet). Secondly, government policy (e.g. planned legislation, orders issued, priorities decided for time or spending) is decided collectively – with the Cabinet, not the PM, deciding policy and the Prime Minister being Primus inter pares (‘First among equals). In practice though, full Cabinet only decides policy when there are major disagreements on …show more content…
This is vital for ministers to avoid undermining each other’s efforts. This is particularly important when spending is concerned and also because so many decisions are taken in cabinet committees which are attended by only the relevant ministers – which is why much of the full cabinet meetings are taken up by reports from the cabinet committees. In practice, day-to-day co-ordination is undertaken by the Cabinet Office, informal groups of ministers, and by the PM’s advisors. Fourthly, the concept of Cabinet government is that the Cabinet manages Parliamentary business, considering bills coming up that week, with the Chief Whip advising on how much opposition is expected. The Cabinet is appointed by the Prime Minister. The senior positions within the Cabinet are usually appointed by the Prime Minister within hours of an election victory. In British Politics, all Cabinet members are serving MP’s or peers though in the recent past, Tony Blair has experimented with allowing non-party politicians into Cabinet meetings – most notably Paddy Ashdown who lead the Liberal Democrats immediately after the 1997 …show more content…
In America, heads of government departments are selected for their expertise within their fields and they do not have to be serving politicians to be appointed by the president. In theory, Britain has a Cabinet government. This according to current constitutional theory, is where the Cabinet meets as a body to discuss issues relevant to the country. It discusses various points of view, weighs up arguments concerning whatever is being discussed and comes to a decision that is backed by the majority of the Cabinet. As such it becomes government policy, if supported in the House of Commons, and has the legitimacy of majority Cabinet support behind it. This means that decisions have collective responsibility behind them – all Cabinet members would be expected to publicly support and defend such policies. Cabinet ministers would also be expected to defend such policies during Parliamentary debates. If a Cabinet minister feels that he/she cannot defend a policy, he/she has the option to resign from the
The President of the United States is instrumental in the running of the country. He serves as the chief executive, chief diplomat, commander in chief, chief legislator, chief of state, judicial powers, and head of party. Article II of the Constitution states that the President is responsible for the execution and enforcement of the laws created by Congress. He also is tasked with the authority to appoint fifteen leaders of the executive departments which will be a part of the President’s cabinet. He or she is also responsible for speaking with the leaders the CIA and other agencies that are not part of his cabinet because these agencies play a key role in the protection of the US. The President also appoints the heads of more than 50 independent
As industrialization caused cites to grow in leaps and bounds, political bosses started to take power. As the 19th Century came to a close, almost every sizable city had a political boss, or at least had one rising to power. Tons of immigrants from every part of the world began to pour into the major cities. Cities have had diversity in the past, but the huge diversity of the American cities was unique.
The Evolution of the Power of the Presidency The views of the presidency by the first sixteen presidents varied widely but all of their actions set precedents for their successors to use, expand, or even curtail the power of the office. Some believed in the Whig theory of strict adherence to the constitution, while others believed the president was the steward of the people with a loose interpretation of it. The power of the office expanded through the years, however it only expanded as far as the public and congress allowed. George Washington was the first President of the United States of America and realizing this he acted carefully and deliberately, aware of the need to build an executive structure that could accommodate future presidents.
The composition of the ministry and cabinet also depends on how many seats the government controls in the House of Commons. A minority government is created when one single party has less than half the seats in the House of Commons yet more than the other parties when they stand alone. One of the main advantages in having a minority government is that the government must work with the other parties to come to a consensus regarding bills and policies; in doing this, there is broader representation of Canadian interests. While this is a benefit for Canadian citizens, it is a drawbac...
The President of the United States is the head of the Executive branch. The President appoints heads of Federal agencies, such as the Cabinet. Article II of the Constitution states that the President executes the laws created by Congress and also enforces the laws created by Congress. The President has the power to negotiate and sign treaties, the power to grant pardons for Federal crimes. The Vice President and the Cabinet are also a part of the Executive branch. The Vice President should be ready at any time to step into the role of the President should the President become unable to perform the Presidential duties. The Cabinet is made up of the heads of 15 major departments of the government. The Cabinet advised the President on matters of major importance. The Cabinet includes The Secretary of State, The Secretary of the Treasury, The Secretary of Defense, The Attorney General(Justice Department, The Secretary of The Interior, The Secretary of Agriculture, The Secretary of Commerce, The Secretary of Labor, The Secretary of Health and Human Services, The Secretary of Homeland Security, The Secretary of Housing and Urban Development, The Secretary of Transportation, The Secretary of Education, The Secretary of Energy, and The Secretary of Veteran’s Affairs. The President appoints or removes Cabinet members. The Executive branch also includes members of the Armed Services. The Judicial branch is the court systems designed to oversee court cases through the US government. It explains the meaning of the Constitution and the laws that have been passed by Congress. The Supreme Court decides and rules whether or not something is permitted by the Constitution; constitutional or unconstitutional. There are nine Supreme Court Justices, or judges that are nominated by the President and approved by the Senate. They have no
When the constitution of the United States was formed, the framers specifically designed the American Government structure to have checks and balances and democracy. To avoid autocracy the President was give power to preside over the executive branch of the government and as commander –in –chief, in which a clause was put into place to give the president the power to appeal any sudden attacks against America, without waiting for a vote from congress. While the president presides over the executive branch there has been ongoing debate over the role of the president in regards to foreign policy. Should foreign policy issues be an executive function by the president or should congress play a much greater role? With the sluggishness of our democracy, foreign policy issues most times need quicker response compared to how domestic policy is decided in the United States. Many believe to maintain openness and democracy both the president and congress need to agree on how the United States handles issue abroad. Although the president has been given much power, his or her power and decisions are sometimes limited based on decisions by congress and challenged and shaped by various bureaucracies throughout the government system. I shall discuss the Presidents role and the role of governmental bureaucracies (Department of Defense, Department of State and the National Security Council) that work together and sometimes not together to shape and implement American foreign Policy.
In response to unfavorable domestic conditions, Argentina’s military government sought self-promotion through invasion of the Falklands, yet failed to secure its own power and thus paved the way for a new political and economic order.
The Prime Minister of Canada has an integral role within the Canadian parliament. In the political Parliamentary system of Canada, the Prime Minister wields the executive responsibility. He is accountable for an assortment of administrative, managerial, and supervisory decisions in effect across the country. The executive role is the branch of government that is generally responsible for creating laws, and enforcing the regulations to ensure these laws are observed.
Some big positions of the government that have high roles to do are the Speaker of the House, the Senate President Pro Templore, majority and minority leaders, and party whips. In main positions of government, the ones elected have some very significant roles. Important roles for the Speaker of the House are to watch over the daily sessions of the Senate, preserve order in the chamber, state parliamentary motions, and rule on parliamentary questions, appoint committee chairs and members, refer bills to committee, to sign legislation, and act as the official person that speaks for the House or Assembly. The President Pro Tem of the Senate doesn 't have as many roles as the Speaker of the House, but its roles are just as important. The main roles chosen to the president pro tem include: control over the Senate
This group of people is called the Executive Office. The Executive office has many different task and other offices that go on within it, for instance one of these would be the office of the first lady. In each of the offices, the staff does the specific task they are appointed to. However, the staff in this office does not have the power to aide in important decision making. The people that the president goes to are people of his presidential cabinet. These people are head of fifteen different departments. The department of state, treasury, and defense are the first departments in the line of succession to the president. The people in these departments give advice to the President on their specific
Twelve members of the cabinet preside over departments or ministries of the government, which include the ministries of justice, foreign affairs, finance, education, health and welfare, agriculture and forestry, and labor. The remaining cabinet members are the so-called "ministers of the state," which include the deputy prime minister and heads of various agencies such as the economic planning agency and the science and technology agency.
In Mellon’s article, several aspects are mentioned supporting the belief that the prime minister is too powerful. One significant tool the prime minister possesses is “… the power to make a multitude of senior governmental and public service appointments both at home and abroad,” (Mellon 164). Mellon goes on to state the significance the prime minister has when allowed to appoint the government’s key member...
While there are no legal rules governing how ministers can exercise the prerogative, they are subject to a number of non-legal rules and conventions, in particular the convention of ministerial responsibility. As FM Maitland states this is the principle that “for every exercise of royal power some minister is answerable. ”[1] Ministers are collectively responsible to parliament for their administration and policy, as well as, being individually responsible for their own personal conduct and conduct of their department. If a minister does not adhere to the acceptable standards they can be compelled or forced to resign. Ministers are, therefore, accountable to Parliament for the decisions that the... ...
Juan Linz – The Perils of Presidentialism. Discussions of which constitutional form of government best serves the growing number of democratic nation’s are in constant debate all over the world. In the essay “The Perils of Presidentialism”, political scientist, Juan Linz compares the parliamentary system with presidential democracies. As the title of Linz’s essay implies, he sees Presidentialism as potentially dangerous and sites fixed terms, the zero-sum game and legitimacy issues to support his theory. According to Linz, the parliamentary system is the superior form of democratic government because the Prime Minister cannot appeal to the people without going through the Parliament, creating a more cohesive form of government.
The sub-cabinet does not have a legal existence, but for the majority of the time since a cabinet was allowed to be formed, the sub-cabinet, a collection of the top bureaucrats from each ministry (generally the Vice Ministers) and the Chief Cabinet Secretary has existed in some form. It comes together to set policy for their respective ministries in addition to forming a layer which allowed for greater coordination and exchange of information between the bureaucracies and politicians in the Cabinet.