The objective of this lab experiment was to determine the density of a set of plastic beads by using two different methods and decide which method was better. Density is a physical property that is defined as the ratio of an object’s mass to an object’s volume. Also, density can be described as the measurement of how compact a substance is in a given space. To find an object’s density, it is necessary to measure the object’s mass, the amount of matter present, and volume, the space it takes up. Also when studying density, it is key to note how objects with varying densities behave. The density of water, at room temperature, is 1.00 g/mL and is often used to determine the density of a substance based on if it sinks or floats in water. The measurement …show more content…
Displacement is a method used to find density that is associated with the Archimedes’ principle, which states that when an object is submerged in a liquid, it will displace its’ volume. In this experiment, displacement was used to find the volume of a group of beads, which were small, multicolored, smooth, and round with a large hole in the centers. After finding the volume that the beads displaced, the density was calculated by taking the mass of the beads and dividing it by the volume of the beads. Displacement was used for four trials for each individual, which summed up to twelve times for the group. The second method used to find the density of the bead was floatation. Flotation is associated with the principle of buoyancy. Buoyancy states that an object that floats in the middle of a solution must have the same density. In this experiment, one bead of the same type used in the prior experiment was used along with three solvents to cause the bead float in the middle of the solution, which showed that it had the same density, and then took the volume of the solution. Floatation was used for two trials for each individual, which added up to six trials total for the
I am doing this experiment to find the density of aluminum foil to see if it floats or sinks when placed in water. I hope to find how the density of aluminum foil changes when weight is added to the foil. I hypothesize that the boat will hold 20 pennies before sinking.
Theory of Water of Displacement: A volume of water was measured. A second volume of water was measured when the metal cylinder was added. The initial volume was subtracted from the second (total) volume to get the volume of the metal cylinder.
This process can also be defined as osmosis, which is the diffusion of water molecules across a membrane. (Unknown, 2) When we first got the egg it would be an isotonic solution meaning that it had equal tension (Unknown,1) which would mean that the same amount was inside the cell as outside of it. The purpose of the experiment was to learn about diffusion, concentration gradient, passive transport, equilibrium, osmosis, tonicity, hypertonic solutions, hypotonic solutions, isotonic solutions, and osmoregulation. If I put the egg in corn syrup, then the egg will deform because it has been placed in a hypertonic solution.
So the experiment will be based upon the movement of water. The first potato chip will be placed in a zero percent solution. I believe that this will increase the mass. I believe this because the zero percent solution has a lower concentration than the cell sap inside the potato. The potato takes on the water through osmosis and the cell pushes out from inside the cell making it swell and become more rigid.
I am going to carry out an experiment to measure the change in mass of
Regarding the densities of Coke and Diet Coke, I believed that the density of coke would be greater than the density of Diet Coke. Because the content of Coke contains more sugar than Diet Coke, it would contain more mass and since density is mass dependent, Coke would be denser than Diet Coke. From the results of the experiment, there was a slight difference between the densities of Coke and Diet Coke. The measurements obtained from the pipette and the graduated cylinder demonstrated that Coke is denser than Diet Coke while Diet Coke was shown to be denser than Coke using the burette. With the pipette, the average density of Coke is 1.02 and the average density of Diet Coke is 0.99. With the graduated cylinder, the average density is 0.976968 and the average density of Diet Coke is 0.95. With the burette, the average density of Coke is 0.99 and the average density of Diet Coke is 1.0. Among the three instruments, the most precise was the graduated cylinder and the most accurate was the volumetric pipette. Since density is defined as mass/volume, changing the volume of Coke or Diet Coke would have changed.
Ethylene, H2 C = CH2, the lightest olefin. It is a colorless, flammable gas, produced mainly by thermal decomposition in the presence of steam (steam cracking) from petroleum-based raw materials. Ethylene has virtually no direct inhalation, but almost exclusively acts as an intermediate in the production of other chemicals, especially plastics. Polyethylene, which is the most commonly used plastic, is directly produced from ethylene by its polymerization. Ethylene can also be chlorinated or combined with benzene to produce 1,2-dichloroethane, a precursor of plastic polyvinyl chloride to produce ethylbenzene, which is another important plastic used in the manufacture of polystyrene. Lesser amounts of ethylene are oxidized to produce chemicals containing ethylene oxide,
In a Styrofoam cup, record the temperature of the 200 ml of cold water. This is 200 g of water, as the density of water is 1 g/ml.
Investigating the Effect of Sugar Solution on the Weight and Size of Potato Cells Aim: To investigate whether the different concentration of sugar solution will affect the weight and size of the potato cells. General background information: Osmosis is defined as the movement of water or any other solution's molecules from an area in which they are highly concentrated to a region in which they are less concentrated. This movement must take place across a partially permeable membrane such as a cell wall, which lets smaller molecules (E.g. water) through but does not allow larger solute molecules to pass through. The molecules will continue to diffuse until the area in which the molecules are found to reach a state of equilibrium, meaning that the molecules are equally distributed throughout the cell, with no area having a higher or lower concentration than any other hence equal. Hypothesis/prediction: For this particular investigation I believe that the lower the concentration of the sugar solution in the test tube the mass of the potato will be greater and the longer the potato cells will be.
Semi permeable membrane [IMAGE]Water molecules Salt molecules [IMAGE] Osmosis is the movement of water molecules across a semi permeable membrane from a region of high water concentration to a region of low water concentration. My prediction in this investigation is that the solution with the least salt will make the potato weigh more, thus the potato in the distilled water solution will weigh the heaviest, because there will be a higher concentration of water molecules in the distilled water than inside the potato cylinder. Therefore, water will move in from high concentration to low concentration this will increase the mass. I based my prediction on the process of osmosis, which is a special type of diffusion. It occurs across a permeable membrane, which allows some particles to diffuse through it and not others.
All things, living or nonliving, consist of atoms and molecules. These particles are constantly in motion, and this continuous motion allows for the disbursement of molecules, or diffusion. The overall net movement of these molecules will go from areas of higher concentration, to areas of lower concentration. Therefore, following a concentration gradient (Martini). The rate of diffusion of these molecules, in accordance with Fick’s law of diffusion, is directly proportional to the concentration gradient present. However, the concentration gradient is not static and will change over time and with distance, therefore changing the rate of diffusion. It is hypothesized that the two solutions being tested, Methylene Blue and Potassium Permanganate, will begin their initial diffusion in the agar gel at a quick rate, and then progressively regress over the allotted time of 1 hour. Another factors other that will have an effect on rate of diffusion is molecular size. There is a substantial difference in molecular weight between Methylene Blue (320 g/mol) and Potassium Permanganate (158 g/mol). The combined molecules present in Potassium Permanganate are lighter than those in Methylene Blue, and therefore should allow it to diffuse more rapidly.
There is also the potential of human error within this experiment for example finding the meniscus is important to get an accurate amount using the graduated pipettes and burettes. There is a possibility that at one point in the experiment a chemical was measured inaccurately affecting the results. To resolve this, the experiment should have been repeated three times.
In experiment 5, we are learning about density and specific gravity in measurements. Density is measured by mass divided by volume in order to get the ratio of the mass of an object to its volume. Specific gravity, on the other hand, is the density of a substance divided by the density of water and will cancel out the units in order to get a unitless measurement. Mass and Volume can be measured in two different ways, first mass can be calculated by directly placing it on the triple beam scale directly, or by weighing the difference. Volume can be calculated by displacement in the graduated cylinder or by calculating its dimensions. In this experiment, the objectives were to calculate the density of a solid by measuring its mass and volume,
The concept of buoyancy states that the upward force of an object immersed inside a fluid is equal to the amount of weight of the fluid it has displaced. The concept is also known as the Archimedes’ principle. After the mathematician, inventor and physicist Archimedes discovered it(Buoyancy - Concept, How it works 2014).
= == In my investigation to find out how salt solution concentration affect the mass of potatoes, I will investigate how much the mass of a potato changes if I leave it in a beaker of water with a specified salt concentration for half an hour. I will change the salt concentration after each experiment. Background Knowledge --------------------