The Crusades, Dynasty’s and Silk Road
The Crusades were brought about by religious beliefs and the control of those beliefs among the people. The crusades started when Pope Urban II persuaded people to invade the Turks based on a “feeing the holy land” from the Muslims Turks, after the Turks had invaded the land.
The Pope banded together an army and headed toward Jerusalem. Pope Urban II persuaded those to go to war he promised that if anyone died they would go straight to heaven. When gathering the army to fight, those that fought were uneducated, poor and unable to fight. Little did they know that the journey itself would kill most of the men, the elements took lives before they even reached Jerusalem. In July of 1099 they arrived in Jerusalem
…show more content…
According to U. (2015, October 25). What are differences and similarities between the Caliphate of Umayyad and Caliphate of Abbasid? Retrieved February 04, 2016, from https://www.quora.com/What-are-dif ferences-and-similarities-between-Caliphate-of-Umayyad-and-Caliphate-of-Abbasid. Many of the differences between the two dynasty’s where the time frame in which they were around, Umayyad was first and then was overtaken by the Abbasid dynasty for the next 500 years. They also explain that it was about territory expansion, one expanded by land and one expanded by sea. Umayyad concurred and defeated the Byzantines in the Mediterranean …show more content…
By during this it is believed the he pushed the Muslim culture, religion forcefully through war and forceful behavior. Damascus became the capital city for the Umayyad dynasty, with expansion through the India and Iberian Peninsula. Through this expansion of the Byzantine and Sassanid Empires, he became aware that there was a struggle within him between those that were non Arab and Arab. Those that were not Arab were forced out of their community’s and not allowed to own land, marry Arabs. He even gave Arabs a monthly paycheck from the government to further the social gap between the two Muslim groups. Ultimately the downfall of this dynasty came from the impatient of the non Arabs and the way they were treated religiously, and socially.
The Abbasid dynasty believed that god gave them their authority. Thus they believed that the power. It was during this dynasty that the position of prime minister came forth. He was the most trusted servant and in charge of civil and military affairs. This position was a new one from the Umayyad dynasty, and seemed to carry a lot of weight in the Abbasid Dynasty the ruler had a trusted position to make decisions that he did not have to involve himself in on a day to day
An African rhino horn for some Chinese silk, 6 Iron bars for 12 Ferghana horses, or Chinese orange trees for India’s spices. Trade was encouraged by the Silk Road because it was the earliest type of compromise when wars were fought, and supplies were demanded.
The political structure of the Arabian and Byzantine empires greatly differed from each other. The Arabian empire was ruled over by a Caliphate. The Caliphate was the successor to the great prophet Muhammad. Politically, the Caliphate sometimes caused trouble for the stability of the empire. With multiple groups such as the Umayyad and the Abbasid believing the were in charge of the Caliphate led to conflicts and violence. An example of conflict would be towards the end of the Abbasid empire when the death of Harun al-Rashid brought several full scale revolutions. Another example would be at the beginning of Abbasid empire when they went as far as too kill off all of the remaining Umayyad leaders to sustain full control with little to no interference. Politically, the Arab/Muslim empire stretched from India and the Middle East into the Africa, the Mediterranean, and Iberia. They also had a large influence in Southeast Asia. When they conquered these areas, there was no forced conversion. On the other hand, they did enforce a higher tax for non-Muslims which prompted people to convert. Only later were there violently forced conversions. A testimony to this would be when the Muslims invaded India and did not touch the Buddhist or Hindus already there. They even respected the Hindu leadership and allowed them to continue. The Muslim empire was successful in other parts of the world due to tolerance, and continued to operate in the face of power struggles.
The Early Islamic Empire was a place with Muslims, Muhammad, Abu Bakr, and other very significant phenomenonical things
The First Crusade was called in 1096 by Pope Urban II. The reasons for the First Crusade was to help obtain Jerusalem known as the holy land. During this time period the Muslims were occupying Jerusalem. First Crusade contained peasants and knights’ whose ethnicities consist of Franks, Latin’s, and Celts which were all from the western part of Europe. To get peasants and knights to join Pope Urban II objectives in return of a spiritual reward called “remission of all their sins” which was to be redeemed of any sins the individual has committed. When sins are redeemed Crusaders believed that they will escape the torment of hell. When lords and knights joined the crusade they were known as military elites. Crusaders were known as soldiers of Christ.
Three Muslim empires rose during the spread of Islam. These empires are different, yet also similar. They are the Ottomans, Safavids, and Mughals. They united other Muslims but also conquered other territories to form their own empires.
The Crusades took place in the Middle East between 1095 and 1291. They were used to gain a leg up on trading, have more land to show hegemony, and to please the gods. Based upon the documents, the Crusades between 1095 and 1291 were caused primarily by religious devotion rather than by the desire for economic and political gain.
Among some of the largest conflicts in the world stand the Crusades; a brutal conflict that lasted over 200 years and was debatably one of the largest armed religious conflicts in the history of humankind. Since this is so clearly an event of importance, historians have searched vigorously for the true answer as to why the crusades began. Ultimately, because of accusatory views on both the sides of the Christians and of the Muslims, the two groups grew in such hatred of each other that they began to act in deep discrimination of each other. Moreover, Christian motives seemed to be driven mostly by the capture of Jerusalem, the dark ages of Europe and the common-folks desperation for land, wealth, and a spot in heaven. What seems to be continually
Despite their differences, the Islamic Caliphate and the Byzantine Empire were remarkably similar. They shared similar governments, they declined under good leaders, were based off Greek ideals and had trade-based economies. Yet, their intellectual achievements were not equal and the way their trade focused economies worked were polar opposites. These empires did rise and fall in very similar ways that were not touched upon. The back and forth sharing of ideas between the empires must have been the cause for so much similarity.
During the time 600C.E-1450 C.E the Silk Road went through major changes while maintaining ingenuity. Changes and continuities interactions included cultural knowledge (changes in art, architecture and technology), political control (the impact the leader had on the Silk Road), culture diffusion (continuities in religion that spread and the impact) and trade (continuities of luxury items). Although there were many continuities, the changes of the Silk Road outweighed the continuities.
A main cause of the Crusades was the treatment of Christian pilgrims. They were robbed, beaten, and then sold. The main group of Turks, the Seljuk Turks, were threatening and growing in power. The Byzantine Emperor, Alexus I, began to become worried and sent out an urgent plea to Pope Urban II, in Rome. He requested for Christian knights to help him fight the Turks. Pope Urban II did agree to his appeal although Byzantine Emperors and Roman Popes were longtime rivals. He also did agree with Alexus I, in fearing that the Turks were expanding. Pope Urban encouraged French and German Bishops and Nobles to also take part in this. “ An accused race has violently invaded the lands of those Christians and had depopulated them by pillage and fire.” This is when Pope Urban II called for a crusade to free the Holy Land. Urban did agree to this having some of his own motives in mind. He was hoping his power would grow in ...
The Muslim Empire began to expand vastly under the Umayyads, with the empire becoming so large many people were converting to Islam religion. The Umayyads were the second of the four major caliphates after the death of Muhammad. The Empire used many different ways to spread the Islamic civilization consisting of war, classes, and appeal. The Islamic civilization spread so strongly because of the way it allured the common man.
I chose the Mughal Empire and the Safavid Empire mainly because they practiced different forms of the Islamic religion. Like the Mughal Empire, most Muslims are Sunnis. The conflict between Sunnis and Shiites began after the Prophet Muhammad’s death. Sunnis wanted the followers of the religion to choose his successor. They chose a man named Abu Bakr. The Shiites wanted a member of the Prophet Muhammad’s family to be his successor. They chose a man named Ali who was Muhammad’s cousin and son-in-law. Unlike most Muslim Empires, the Safavid Empire was Shiite. As you will see in this essay, despite their differences over whom should assume power
In order for the crusades to begin, the Christians needed to gather an army to travel and fight the forces of Muslims. With all the power being held by monarchies at this time, the church needed to be cleaver in order to gain troops to put their lives on the line. To gain the support of these warriors and dedication of men, Pope Urban II (1088-1099) challenged those morals of men by telling them to grab their weapons and join the holy war to recover the land of Jerusalem. It was not the challenge that convinced men to take part in this war. The promise of “immediate remission of sins” attracted the men to stand up for their religion and beliefs while at the same time, promising them a trip to heaven when life comes to an end. With this statement, men instantly prepared for battle which in a very short period of time gave the church power which has been held by the monarchies. Men of rich and poor prepared for battle, some wearing ...
In the year 1095 the First Crusade was just beginning. Pope Urban II called Christians to liberate the Holy Land from Muslim oppressors. He promised indulgences and the gift of eternal life in the Kingdom of Heaven for fighting in the holy war. Those that answered the call were peasants, beggars, the poor looking for riches and the unknown looking for glory. What started out as a pilgrimage to help fellow Christians secure their borders and repel foreign invaders soon became the first of many Holy Wars for the Kingdom of God.
Another similarity is that both the dynasties expanded during their reign. They both claimed to have a relation to Muhammed.