In The Crucible, Arthur Miller establishes the universal theme that good does not always prevail over evil. It shows that fear and suspicion can produce a mass hysteria that destroys public order and rationality. This theme is clearly identified through the character's actions throughout the play. Three characters in the play demonstrate different types of human condition through the decisions they make. Reverend Hale and John Proctor represent the human condition to choose rationally while Danforth advocates a more traditional side. All but Danforth have a change of heart from the given situation. The Crucible argues that even when a society is corrupt, a person with high moral character can follow their conscience to make a good decision. Reverend Hale is called to Salem to help solve the witchcraft chaos. At first he is confident in doing his job as a reverend by following the church standards. He agrees with the court?s tactics, which involves searching for confessions to aid the trial in sentencing people to death. Over the course of the play he experiences a huge transformation. As he listens to both sides of the trial, he realizes that the church and court standards may be wrong, and he begins to question these standards within himself. He stops supporting the court because he can no longer accept the false prosecutions that Danforth continues to make. His final decision in going against the church and following his heart shows the true side of his character. He goes through the rest of the play trying to save people?s lives. When someone asks why he has come back he states, ?Why, it is all simple. I come to do the devil?s work? (986). This shows he feels that doing what may seem wrong to others is actually the right thing to do. His efforts are in vain, however, because in the end the Puritan Court overrules all other opinion. Danforth is the judge of the witch trials and is very stubborn in his ways. His handling of the trials is overbearing and intolerant. He is shocked when Francis Nurse dares to judge his authority and states, ?Peace, Judge Hawthorne, do you know who I am, Mr. Nurse?? (959). He thinks that he is superior to everyone else and he believes he has the best judgment of all. Because of his job he is feeling pressured to please the majority of the people.
‘The Crucible’ is a great example of morally ambiguous characters. A plethora of characters with blurry ethics exist within the world of ‘The Crucible’, this makes it difficult to distinguish who is truly good and who is evil. Arthur Miller has a fantastic approach to how he displays his characters and their moral standpoints. Adultery, lying, and even the suspicion of witchcraft, within the community brings out the worst in the townspeople. John Proctor is an example of how thin the lines are drawn between a complete saint and a damned sinner.
He transforms from being arrogant to humble. Hale studies for several years and acquires the knowledge on various legal procedures that make him feel, “of himself much as a young doctor on his first call. His painfully acquired armory of symptoms, catchwords, and diagnostic procedures are now to be put to use at last.” (Miller 36, Act I). His ultimate goal being in Salem is to eliminate the Devil and is sure of himself due to the amount of legal training he acquires. However, we see his confidence start to fade when he witnesses the court accusing and murdering good people without any tangible proof. At this point, Hale starts to show signs of doubting his work. He realizes at this point that he has sent innocent people to their deaths. After reevaluating his soul he shows up to the jail where many people accused of witchcraft are being held, hoping he could help save lives and redeem his abilities. The reason being that “Life, woman, life is God 's most precious gift; no principle, however glorious, may justify the taking of it.” (Miller 132, Act IV). He is no longer confident in his ability to prove people guilty for being a witch and is willing to help save people because he knows it is proper justice to help the prisoners. After realizing that he let the thought of his legal training get to his head, he becomes more humble.
One’s greed for power blinds their sense of pity for humanity which creates chaos in society because of their ignorance. In the text Danforth explains to Francis Nurse, “But you must understand sir, that a person is either with this court or he must be counted against it, there be no road between” (Miller 94). In this quote Danforth explains to Nurse that a citizen of Salem cannot be against the court’s justice system: One must comply with its rules or else they will be counted as guilty. Danforth claims power over the people through the court and anyone who does not obey his demands will be persecuted which shows that this trial is for himself and not for the town. For the sake of his power, Danforth apprehends innocent individuals who are not compliant thus foreshadowing the misfortunes of uninvolved people who are suspects. Without knowing, Danforth intends to create a disorder in society because of his need for more control, which justifies his inexperience and his abuse of authority. Danforth also tells Nurse, “And do you know that near to four hundred are in the jails from marble head to Lynn, and upon my signature? […] And seventy-two condemned to hang by that signature?” (Miller 87). Here Danforth attempts to intimidate Nurse by bragging with h...
Reverend John Hale is motivated by honor and righteousness, but at the same time by reputation and pride. He is certain about the witchery in Salem and while having doubts refuses to speak up. Hale before the executions start to get out of hand is all for the witchery theory and absolutely believes that the girls are telling the truth. Hale’s wavers on the witchery theory after his talk with John Proctor. Hale realizing his error decides to say nothing out of pride and worry for his credibility. In essence he starts to question his own certainty about the situation. Hale’s motivation slowly changes as the executions continue. Hale’s motivation changes from pride and reputation to honor and righteousness. This is especially evident when he quits and breaks all affiliation with the court. He
Throughout the play there are many instances that show these themes. The Crucible is a great way to show God’s power and people’s will to go against him. Like Abigail, the antagonist, she continues to start lie after leaned in the end she only hurts herself. This shows, as one follows the rules like Elisabeth Proctor, she's accused of witchcraft has lost multiple children and continues to follow the Lord’s path; one who walks with the Lord is more just than one who walks alone. The Crucible is a great play to learn the value of morals and what can happen if you don't obey
"Them that will not confess will hang. While I speak with God 's law, I will not crack its voice with whimpering. I should hang ten thousand that dared to rise against the law, and ocean of salt tears could not the resolution of the statutes." (Miller 129). Judge Danforth is not afraid to kill those that stand in his way. He is very similar to Abigail in that he will have innocent people killed to prove a point or to get what he wants. Its his way or the highway. If you do not cooperate, you will die. He abuses his power to get people to talk and give names. He is also very similar to Parris in his concern for power. Danforth holds all the power in the courtroom and basically forces you to talk and confess. If you don 't cooperate, then you will suffer the consequences. Ergo, it is a win-win situation for the accuser. "You are the high court, you word is good enough!" (Miller 143). Proctor later denounced himself for saying this, but the phrase is completely true. This quote is a reference to Danforth 's abuse of power throughout the witch trials. The high court deeply resembles the courts during the McCarthyism era. They held all the power and had the people 's lives in their hands. Danforth was prideful and believed himself to be a honest man. So whatever he thought was right, was declared as right. If they said you were guilty of being a witch, and hanged you, then no one in Salem did anything about it. They couldn 't say or do anything because the high court was always right. Many innocent people died because Danforth couldn 't admit he was wrong. If he did admit to being wrong, then the high court would lose power and it would of hurt his
In this act there is also a striking example of what is known as the holding back of climax. The judges are in the utter belief that they are right and it is Danforth who is especially proud of his authority. “Surely you do not question my justice,” from Danforth signifies that under his rule, he has no opposition to take into consideration. He is essentially on a quest to prove that witchcraft is rife in Salem. When Parris asks Danforth to postpone the hangings that are due that day before the “sun is up,” Danforth replies that “this way unconfessed and claiming innocence, doubts are multiplied.”
Good vs Evil, Reputation and Injustice, as well as fear and hysteria are all key themes in Arthur Miller’s play, The Crucible. Significant events throughout the course of the play were used to highlight and illustrate the importance of these themes within the duration of the play.
The play, The Crucible, is a fireball of guilt, evil, and good compiled into one magnification. It is a play with tremendous feelings, with many inside twists hidden in the archives of the true story. It is a play with emotional feelings; feelings of anger, hate, and evil, yet also feelings of goodness, and pureness. Undeniably, The Crucible is a play illustrating good versus evil. The principal characters, Abigail Williams, John Proctor, Ann Putnam and Marry Warren all contain within them elements of good and evil.
“Danforth:... You will sign your name or it is no confession, Mister! His breast heaving with agonized breathing, Proctor now lays down the paper and signs his name… Proctor has just finished signing when Danforth reaches for the paper. But Proctor snatches it up...His breast heaving, his eyes staring, Proctor tears the paper and crumbles it, and he is weeping in fury, but erect.” Not once in his time from that moment in the court, or jail, or at Gallows Hill did he confess to witchcraft, despite Reverend Hale’s attempts to persuade him otherwise. Proctor stood against the court, the girls, and some of the townsfolk, and although he was in the right, and his claims were accurate,...
Danforth, Hathorne, and Parris avoid answering accusations and questions by charging the speaker with trying to undermine the church and therefore the entire theocracy of Salem. For example, in response to Proctor’s presentation of the list of people confirming the good character of the accused women, Parris says, “This is a clear attack upon the court!” (94). This shifts the blame from Parris and the rest of the court back on to John Proctor and his comrades.
Puritan community. They do everything as a whole and that is what they believe in. In this article it says, “Such an adamantly ridged society, of course imply that any form of individuality will be considered subversive and dangerous” (Bonnet 32). The main cause of this entire process is a combination of individual and social passivity. The character Abigail is out of lust for Proctor and out of jealousy for Elizabeth Proctor which was spoken earlier in the text. In the article, it also approaches that “Every single person can avail himself of the opportunity to weak his own personal vengeance on his neighbor. At the same time that the fallen state of things becomes a social matter, in which even justice is infected by the same process and becomes twisted warped in its turn” (Bonnet 32).
Hale does not start out as such however. In fact he is the reason the witch hunts are started. In the beginning of the play Hale is called to Salem to determine whether or not witchcraft is afoot. Witchcraft is expertise, and Hale, eager and naïve, wants to determine whether or not the devil is in Salem. His analysis is that Tituba is controlling the girls’ souls, leading the girls, starting with Abigail of course, to shout out various people they saw convening with the devil while they were under the control of Tituba. Hale, blindly and unquestioningly conforms to the rest of the town and believes the girls. In fact he leads the way, resulting in fourteen arrests. He is completely unphased by this, and wholly believes that they are all witches and that by arresting them he is doing God’s work.
The test that Reverend John Hale faces is whether he can change his character early enough to redeem himself for the lives he has caused to be lost. He is the character that shows the most significant transformation overall. When he first comes to Salem, he is eager to find witchcraft and is honored that his scholastic skills are necessary. He feels that as an exorcist, it is his duty to help pe...
Reverend Hale's attitude has changed completely throughout his stay in Salem. After Reverend Parris saw some girls including Abigail, Tituba, and Betty dancing and conjuring spirits in the woods, he called Hale to Salem. These woods are forbidden; the dancing and conjuring are signs of the devil in the puritan society. Called from Beverly, a special reverend, Hale's job is to search a town for any signs of Lucifer. Reverend Parris has obviously seen some work of the devil in his niece Abigail, slave Tituba, and daughter Betty. Reverend Hale has three different feelings throughout the play. In the beginning Hale was just doing his job and passionate about purging this town of the devil. In the middle of the play Hale is upset with how the trial is going and he fells the girls are lying about the convicted people setting their spirit on the girls. By the end of the play Hale has lost all faith in the court system and is very upset with judge Danforth's stubbornness.