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Indian ocean trade ap world
Changes in the Indian Ocean trade region
Changes in the Indian Ocean trade region
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India was the crucial trade link between the East and the West simply because of geographical location, and commercial connections. India rests directly between China (east) and Europe/Africa (west), thus acting as an intermediary and necessary pit stop for the transportation of goods (Indian ocean separates the two). Additionally, the Indian overland trade route ran through Afghanistan to central Asia, then divided- one route going towards the east and China and the other towards the west to Rome. Moreover, the Greek sailors discovered the monsoon trade winds, which enabled them to reach India by sea; yet another reason as to why India is the crucial trade link. This affirms that without India, trade among the East and West would have been
In the Background Essay Q’s, Doc B, Box 1, it mentions Hinduism. Doc A box 3 mentions confucianism. Rome worships christianity. Hinduism is technically Buddhism. These reasons explain that trade was never JUST physical items, but ideas and beliefs as well. The Silk Road made sure if you didn’t trade items you can hold, then you can trade items you can cherish. Finally, in the western civilizations (Rome), was accessed by boat. Boats could carry a ton more items and it was less of a walk for the merchants/traders. However, the Silk Road did lead a small backup path up north of Parthia. Around 27 B.C.E., the Roman Empire had only begun, but the silk road had been a thing for a very long time before that. About 3,073 years to be close to proximity. This took trade across seas! This was also how the Silk Road was Forgotten...boat travel became popular, less expensive, and easier to carry bigger loads.On Doc A, the map shows a series of dashes across the Mediterranean Sea. This represents the route to Rome by boat. Also on Doc A, the dashes on the backup path lead from east of India, to the north of the Caspian Sea, then south to Rome. Also, the timeline says 27 B.C.E.- Roman Empire begins. This time subtracted from 4000 B.C.E- Silk Cultivation in China, is about 3,073
Trade is the most common form of transferring ownership of a product. The concepts are very simple, I give you something (a good or service) and you give me something (a good or service) in return, everyone is happy. However, trade is not limited to two individuals. There are trades that happen outside national borders and we refer to that as international trading. Before a country does international trading, they do research to understand the opportunity costs and marginal costs of their production versus another countries production. Doing this we can increase profit, decrease costs and improve overall trade efficiency. Currently, there are negotiations going on between 11 countries about making a trade agreement called the Trans-Pacific
As new ideas traveled main trade routes, such as the Silk Road and the Mediterranean, the effects of such were felt through an influx of contact between countries due to increased desire for new information and countries gaining a larger presence on the world stage. This phenomenon can also be seen through the lens of cultural exchange that took place during this same time period in Eurasia. A major component of the Eurasian trade networks, such as the Silk Road and Indian Ocean, was that they fostered interregional contacts that had ceased to previously exist. When a country had a desire for study or technology, they earned more respect on the global stage. This can be further examined by looking at Marco Polo’s voyage into Asia.
Imperialism began with Western European countries looking to expand their reach of influence on the East. These countries would conquer and colonize any region not of the West in hopes of bettering their economy or to help the native people they found in the East, carry up the “The White Man’s Burden.” When meeting the native people, Westerners named the things from the East “Orient,” and along with this name came many stereotypes and assumptions of the people and the land. Although, imperialism is no longer present, effects such as orientalism still resonates within the culture being expressed through media such as the Academy Award winning movie of the year Argo.
Between the years of 1600 and 1763, the labor systems were transformed to compliment the demand of much needed labor. While the demand for labor stayed consistent throughout Triangular Trade, those who were cursed to endure the burden of labor went through compositional changes. Although slavery has always been seen as a European avocation, the Portuguese actually started the profitable occupation. However, the English quickly replaced the Portuguese as the dominators of the epidemic. The subtle emergence of racism also played a part in the evolving of the labor systems.
During the classical era, there were shifts worldwide with regards to economic imports and exports. As many societies transformed from hunting-gathering societies into specialization societies, global trade networks expanded. This led to the founding and growth of many complex trade networks, both on land and by sea. Two notable trade networks were the Mediterranean Sea network and the Silk Road. The Mediterranean Sea is in Europe, and the trade network lined the shores of Turkey and North Africa. The Silk Road was trans-Asian. It reached from China to the Eastern Mediterranean. While these networks had multiple similarities in their expansion and spread of religion and ideas, there were many differences. These included the type of materials
Slaves and slave trade has been an important part of history for a very long time. In the years of the British thirteen colonies in North America, slaves and slave trade was a very important part of its development. It even carried on to almost 200 years of the United States history. The slave trade of the thirteen colonies was an important part of the colonies as well as Europe and Africa. In order to supply the thirteen colonies efficiently through trade, Europe developed the method of triangular trade. It is referred to as triangular trade because it consists of trade with Africa, the thirteen colonies, and England. These three areas are commonly called the trades “three legs.”
China spread its ideas faster than India, as it has three rivers in the proximity of its area that could transfer ideas, or objects, via waterways or through the Silk Road, which China created for other regions use as well. Their ideas transferred to other regions faster because China had created a common point for the various regions to travel, in return quickening the transfer of their ideas to others along the Silk Road route. On the other hand, India was slower in spreading their ideas and inventions to other regions because of their rocky and mountainous geography that they lived on. This geography prolonged India’s civilization growth and interaction with other regions. Their ideas were slow to reach other regions due to the loss of writing that had occurred in several cities, though a writing system would develop more once India discovered the Silk Road route that China had created years later, bringing their transfer of ideas and inventions to a
In addition to empires, global commerce was among the many important factors, which shaped the world in the pre-modern era—in the years between 1450 and 1750. The Atlantic Slave Trade, which capitalized on the exchange of human beings for desired commodities, played a significant role in the ways in which nations around the world interacted with one another—yet it also left a tremendous scar on the world, which can still be seen today. In addition, many other international trading networks developed during this time, which connected distant parts of the world like never before. Among these was the emergence of Europeans in the Indian Ocean spice trade, which facilitated a relationship between Europe and Asia. Additionally, the Europeans became
Reaching towards the peak of trade, Europe faced difficulties in trading with Asia due to sections of multiple trade routes being dominated by Muslims. This meant that men were lost and it took a great amount of time to be able to give and receive the products being traded. This was when Christopher Columbus proposed a solution, believing that a route which sailed west through the Atlantic Ocean, would be a much safer and faster way of trading with Asia.
1.) As a whole, the entry of the Europeans into the Asian sea trading network had relatively little effect on the entire system. The entry of the Europeans into the network led to the establishment of new trade routes in the Indian Ocean to the southern Atlantic near the Cape of Good Hope. In water, the Europeans were superior militarily, but on land against fortified Asian settlements, the Asians far surpassed the Europeans technologically. The only superior items that the Europeans had were small, fast sea vessels such as caravels, clocks, and weaponry.
From the 1970s, there has been a wave of liberalization in China, which was introduced by Deng Xiaoping. This is one of the key reasons to the rise of China to be one of the economic giants in the world. In the last 25 years of the century, the Chinese economy has had massive economic growth, which has been 9.5 percent on a yearly basis. This has been of great significance of the country since it quadrupled the gross domestic product (GDP) of the country thus leading to saving of 400 million of their citizens from the threats of poverty. In the late 1970s, China was ranked twentieth in terms of trade volumes in the whole world as well as being predicted to be the world’s top nation concerning trading activities (Kaplan, 53). This further predicted the country to record the highest GDP growth in the whole world.
The U.S. trade deficit has risen more or less steadily since 1992. In the second quarter of 2004, the trade deficit relative to GDP surpassed the 5 percent mark for the first time. Many economists already considered trade deficits above 4 percent of GDP dangerously high. The fear is that continued growth in this external imbalance of the U.S. economy will ultimately spook overseas investors. http://www.americanprogress.org/issues/2004/09/b193700.html
Eurasian trade when conditions along the Silk Road were unfavorable. For this reason, the geographical context of the Silk Road must be thought of in the broadest possible terms, including sea rout...
The Indian Ocean was an essential part of the growth or the political, economic, cultural, and social aspects of the newly-modernizing world in 600 BCE to 1450 CE. Because of the Indian Ocean, many advancements in technology were made, religions were spread, parts of the world grew, and cultures changed. Trade between the Afro-Eurasian subcontinent, spread and growth of many religions, such as Hinduism, Buddhism, Christianity, and Islam, growth of countries and empires in countries such as India, Africa, and Asia, and technology, such as sails, compasses, and astrolabes, were widely impacted because of the trade routes. The routes helped many areas of the world that needed help expand, and aided the world gear towards a more international trade.