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Impact of the Versailles Treaty on Germany
Impact of the Versailles Treaty on Germany
Impact of the Versailles Treaty on Germany
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The Cause of the Munich Putsch
It can be argued that the Munich Putsch had been inevitable since the
"November Criminal" signed the armistice that ended the First World
was in 1918. From then on, a series of events encouraged Hitler's
perception of a nation at odds with its government (the Weimar
Republic). This meant that Hitler (leader of he national Socialist
German workers' Party, NSDAP) eventually thought that such unrest
would help him to overthrow the Weimar government.
The most important long term cause of the Munich Putsch was probably
nit the signing of the armistice but the signing if the Treaty of
Versailles in 1919. The treaty was humiliating for Germany (especially
the clauses about war guilt and those which removed territory from
German rule) and Hitler was under the impression that he could take
advantage of the consequent unrest caused by the Treaty's harsh terms.
In addition to this, Hitler had reason to believe that he would have
the support of the German army and the Bavarian state government if he
did attempt to take advantage of German disillusionment with the
Weimar government. Hitler's close friendship with the old army
general, Ludendorff, led him to believe that military support would be
attainable as Ludendorff might persuade the army to desert the
government and side with the Nazis. Furthermore, the Bavarian state
government was right wing and thus had similar political ideas as the
fascist NSDAP. Hitler therefore believed that in the event of a
putsch, he would have support from these two groups and therefore
gained more confidence to attempt a rising.
More short-term causes of the Munich putsch relate to the "Year of
Crisis", 1923, the same year as the attempted putsch itself. German
workers in the Ruhr went on strike when French troops occupied the
areas and the government began to point more money in order to pay the
strikers. This, couple with the rapid devaluation of the German mark
caused enormous economic difficulties on the form of hyperinflation
which Hitler, again thought he could take advantage of.
In late 1923 and early 1924 the German economy seemed to experience a mild period of economic stabilisation and "prosperity". In November, the government issued a new currency and ensured that tight restrictions were imposed. The economy was further stimulated by loans principally from the USA. However despite all this there simultaneously, was increasing numbers of unemployed persons. A well cited example of this is the coal mining industry where the introduction of more efficient machinery meant that one in four miners lost their jobs. No doubt that increased unemployment meant that the German population grew increasingly discontent with the Weimar government and this is the beginnings of the swing towards more radical political voting. Hitler knew that he had to have attractive political policies in order to attract a greater pool of voters, looking for alternative parties, and he recognized a possible solution to this was to attract the attention of the farming and rural community. The Nazi Party took this opportunity quickly and campaigned hard to win over the votes of the farmers and rural workers by promising tax reductions, cheaper electricity and a promise to rebuild the farming industry. "The peasants, the Nazis said, were of true German blood and their life was the true German life. They had shamefully been neglected by the Weimar Republic." Hitler told the people of the land that under a Nazi Government, rural people would be the most important people in Germany. The rural Germans were on the brink of bankruptcy, constituting approximately 11 Billion marks by 1932. The Nazi's promise of a return to rural prosperity was too good for them to resist. Yet this adoption of the rural Germans also proved useful in another sense because it allowed the Nazi party to use the Jewish people as a scapegoat towards the problems faced by the rural Germans.
Scapegoating is the action of shifting all blame onto a minority who have no voice; throughout history, this usually occurs when a society is under stress and pressure. This method has always been used since it is easier to project a populace’s problems on a common enemy rather than solving it. Many instances of scapegoating have occurred throughout history such as the Salem Witch Trials , the Holocaust, and the Red Scare.
Germany under the rule of the National Socialist German Workers’ Party believed they were superior to the peoples of all other nations and all individual efforts were to be performed for the betterment of the German State. Germany’s loss in World War I resulted in the Peace Treaty of Versailles, which created tremendous economic and social hardships on Germany. Germany had to make reparations to the Allied and Associated Governments involved in World War I. As a result, Adolf Hitler gradually embarked upon his rise to power in Germany creating the National Socialist German Workers’ Party. As part of the surrender terms of World War I, Germany was forced to sign the Peace Treaty of Versailles, which held Germany responsible for the war. The country went bankrupt, millions of Germans were without work and food, and the nation was in despair and turmoil. Adolf Hitler’s rise to power began during these very difficult economic and social times. In the fall of 1919, Hitler began to attend meetings of a small nationalist group called the German Workers’ Party. Hitler soon took control over the group and renamed it the National Socialist German Workers’ Party. The group later became known as the Nazi Party. The Nazis called for the union into one nation of all Germans. They demanded that citizens of non-German descent or of the Jewish religion be deprived of German citizenship and also called for the annulment of the Peace Treaty of Versailles. These demands were the primary cause for the Nazi Party to compose the document The Program of the National Socialist German Workers’ Party in 1920.
The German government ordered passive resistance but workers needed to be paid. The government printed money and hyperinflation set in. During this crisis in Germany, caused indirectly by the Treaty, when Hitler tried to seize power he was unsupported. Therefore the Treaty of Versailles, on its own, was not a reason why Hitler rose to power. After 1929, the Great Depression acted as a catalyst, igniting the German people's anger for the Treaty of Versailles and it then became a factor in Hitler's rise to power.
The Olympic Games of Munich started like any other, the parade of nations, proud representatives filled with dreams of gold medals and strong finishes. A moment of glory and hopefully standing tall on the podium as their flag is raised. This is a time when nations come together in peace to show the power of human achievement through sport. It did not happen that way.
1933 -1939 as well as Adolf Hitler and his racist views which influenced thousands of Germans. The main reason for the holocaust happening was that Germany had been anti-Semitic for many centuries, and during those centuries. anti-Semitism gradually got worse. Therefore because this was becoming a racial war, this was an opportunity for Germany to cleanse itself of Jews like it should have done centuries ago. With Hitler was Anti-Semitic and a strong leader for the Nazi party.
Hitler had vowed five years prior to the Putsch that he would not " rest nor sleep until the politicians who had signed the armistice had been hurled to the ground, until on the ruins of the pitiful Germany. of today has risen a Germany of power and greatness. This putsch was begun simply to avenge the armistice, to take over and change what he wanted to change and make them "the great nation" they were. On 8th November Hitler broke into a meeting in a large beer hall. which three leaders of the Bavarian government had.
Hitler was their "last hope". We can see clearly a distinct link between german unemployment figures and a rise in nazi seats in the Reichstag. People turned to Hitler for help due to the depression and the failure of the Weimar republic to cope with the ongoing problems in germany. In my opinion this is the main factor to why Hitler finally came about to doing a political deal.
It is estimated that approximately eleven-million people were murdered during the holocaust. Of these eleven-million people around six million of them were Jewish. Jewish people were not the only ones Adolf Hitler was targeting; Hitler persecuted Jehovah 's Witnesses, Gypsies, homosexuals, and the mentally challenged. Hitler wanted to achieve absolute ethnic and racial purity in the country, so if you were anything other than what he considered to be perfect(blonde hair and blue eyed) you were not accepted by him and faced the chance of being killed. Adolf Hitler was the leader of the Nazi Party and of Germany, from 1921-1945. He also was a soldier in World War One and joined the German Workers Party. Mass shootings were
The Holocaust, the mass killing of the Jewish people in Europe, is the largest genocide in history to this date. Over the course of the Holocaust nearly six million Jewish people were killed by the Nazi Party and Germany led by Adolf Hitler. There are multiple contributing factors to the Holocaust that made it so large in scope. Historians argue which of these factors were most significant. The most significant contributing factor is the source of the Holocaust, the reason it occurred. This source is Adolf Hitler and his hatred for Jewish people. In comparison to the choices of the Allies to not accept Jewish refugees and to not take direct military action to end the Holocaust, the most significant contributing factor of the Holocaust is that Adolf Hitler was able to easily rise to power with the support of the German people and rule Germany.
...After we consider all these points mentioned we begin to see how everything worked and connected to form one huge disaster for Germany. We start to see how all these things played a part, the reparations led to unemployment that led to no money that led to overprinting of money. How the huge consequence of the reparations led to the unsuccessful paying of it leading to the French invasion of the Ruhr which led to strikes and therefore no products to trade with. How the unstable Weimar government led to extremist parties that damaged the economy further and brought inflation to its highest. The effects were probably the worst, the starvation coupled with the disease epidemic that killed people off and the worthless tonnes of paper notes roaming around the nation. It all in all was a very bad time in Germany one that they always found it hard to recover from.
Severe economic problems arose in Germany essentially due to the punitive provisions of the Treaty of Versailles. “The German government began to print money to pay its bills.” (McKay, 872). In order to make up for the massive debt and reparations connected to the Treaty of Versailles, the government started to print loads of money. The influx of money across Germany due to newly printed bills caused prices to rise. Money became rather worthless with an abundance of it, which hurt many people’s incomes. Hyperinflation soon occurred, which put the economy in a weak position and further contributed to the downfall of the Weimar Republic.
The Munich Putsch on November 8 to the 9, 1923 was an attempt to overthrow the Weimar government, it was led by the Nazi party leader Hitler. Hitler had found an opportunity to convince and trigger people to follow his plan, by claiming it he would change everything, as the country had been in debt to repay the reparations, which the government had agreed to, this caused Germans to be upset and angry. These were not the only reason, as Germany at the time was also struggling to deal with hyperinflation which began to affect the citizens lives majorly, as they were unable to afford anything and the prices increased by the second, most of the middle class had been the main victims as they lost all of their savings. The occupation of the Ruhr had contributed to Germans’ devastation as they were extreme nationalists who were forced to give up a part of their land that was a main source of industry though after 15 The citizens of the Ruhr could vote to join France or return to Germany this was still not an ideal situation. The Nazi party was at its peak stronger than ever with 55,000 members.
Munich, is the capital of the region of Bavaria, located in the southern part of Germany. As one of the top three largest cities in Germany, closely linked to Hamburg and Berlin in size, Munich is home to 1.349 million people (CIA). Located in close proximity to the Alps and Isar River, the city today thrives as a tourist destination, financial industry, marketplace and home to the renowned German beer festival known as “Oktoberfest” (Gray, Jeremy).
In about 1923 Adolf Hitler's attempt at an armed overthrow of local authorities in Munich, known as the Beer Hall Putsch, failed miserably. Hitler, were subsequently jailed and charged with high treason. However, Hitler used the courtroom at his public trial as a propaganda platform, ranting for hours against the Weimar government.