Confucianism is a complex thought, based on the principles of the Chinese philosopher Confucius. Main core concepts of the philosophy include humaneness, righteousness, propriety/etiquette, loyalty, and filial piety, according to people social roles. The social roles were built through five main relationships of society: ruler-subject, father-son, husband-wife, elder brother-younger brother, and friend-friend. The former were superior to the latter. The inferior should show respect to and serve the superior, while the superior respond to care for the inferior. Confucianism concentrates on “rule by rites, rule of virtue, and rule of humaneness”. It believes that the stable country and nation depend on the five main relationships to perform his …show more content…
The main principles of the belief system are karma, reincarnation, and impermanence. Buddhists believe that life is full of suffering that can be overcome by attaining enlightenment. Nirvana can be obtained by liberate material attachments and purify the mind. Meditation, the calming, peaceful and positive way, develops wisdom through solving problems. The negative mental states seek to be overcome are called “delusions”, while the positive mental states are called “virtuous minds”.
Another concept in the Buddhist belief system is the Eight-Fold Path or Noble Eight-Fold Path, which is said to be the first of all Buddha’s teachings. It stresses that human life can be explored and practiced with the eight right ways named right view, right resolve, right speech, right conduct, right livelihood, right effort, right mindfulness, and right union.
Universal Love, a belief that all actions of a person should directly help others, is the central belief in Mohism. Its aim is create mutually benefiting alliances. Scholar’s agrees that Mohism is deeply influencing by Daoism. It proposes the equal love between people, war boycott, cultural inheritance and nature law grasp.
The Legalism, consist of strict laws and equal punishment, is mainly a series of ideas and rules by which the society and government must follow to achieve a stable and balanced state. The aim of Legalism is to maintain order and a steady balance throughout
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Culture is shaped and transmitted through language. Language at the same time reflects culture. Language is ‘a guide to culture and social reality’ (Whorf, 2013). Culture and values of a particular group can be described, identified, and predicted through the use of language. The function of language exceeds the mere reflection of the culture. Language also constructs culture and social reality (Starosta, 2015).
As Whorf (1952) states, "the linguistic system of each language is not merely a reproducing instrument for voicing ideas but rather is itself the shaper of ideas". As language embodies the phenomena of the world, the speaker of a language will constantly reshape his or her worldview. Halliday (2011) defines language hold an experiential or ideational function. Language serves to establish the system of ideas and collects to be a new sense of social reality. Culture is dynamic and changing, language is the mirror to reflects the change, facilitates and creates change in language, as Whorf (1959) puts it, "can transform our appreciation of the
INTRODUCTION Confucianism is regarded as one of the primary religions that have profoundly influenced Chinese beliefs and ideologies. While Kongzi, or Confucius, is the founder of Confucianism, he is not the only philosopher who has contributed to such a significant impact on China. Similarly, the Analects of Confucius is not the single text that represents Confucianism. In fact, during different time periods throughout the history, there are a number of eminent representatives of Confucian thoughts, such as Mengzi and Xunzi. Because Confucianism aims at eliminating chaos and maintaining order in a harmonious society, they all agree that the guidance and education of virtuous Confucian pioneers are of extreme importance to achieve this goal.
The Confucian “Way” can be interpreted in many ways, but I think the two main pillars of it are Confucius’s belief in situational morality, and his belief in the inherent good of human beings. Other notable social conventions such as filial piety and reciprocity advocated for in the Analects can be derived from these two basic principles.... ... middle of paper ... ...
The eastern view toward human rights is considered to be the soft relationships. These views are clearly seen and understood through the Buddhist beliefs. A focus of the Buddhist teaching or Dhamma resides in the precept that there is no self, no ego, and no soul. All is conditioned to change and therefore nothing is permanent. An individual’s action affects his surrounding and vice versa. An individual is conditioned by his experience and inherits the results of his past actions, kamma (karma in Sanskrit). Building upon these concepts, a Buddhist is continuously striving for personal improvement and eventually the ultimate perfection. Human nature is understood to be less than perfect and an individual is responsible for his own action in molding his own destiny.
To begin, Confucianism is a system of philosophical and ethical teachings founded by Confucius. Confucianism was the code of ethics accepted as the certified religion of most of the immense empires in the territory since the Han Dynasty. Confucianism provided an outline of ethical and religious beliefs that most of the Chinese expanded to make other religions such as Daoism and Legalism. To expand, Confucianism was founded by Confucius and his beliefs on the political and social order of China. Confucius believed that everything would fall into place if children had respect for their parents and if the rulers were honest. In Confucianism, specific roles were followed by each person in the family. The head of the family, the father, was the one primarily in control and then it was the oldest son that was next in line. Confucius had the belief that a ruler has to be everything he wants
The relationship between ruler and subject is that the ruler must work to protect and govern, while subjects must provide their ruler with loyalty. The father is responsible for caring for his son and providing him an education, while the son must show his father obedience and honor. In the husband and wife relationship, the husband is to provide for his wife, while the wife shows obedience and takes care of the home. The older brother has the responsibility to take care of his younger brother and look after him, while the younger brother must show obedience. Lastly, the relationship between elder and younger places the elder with the responsibility of taking care of the younger. The younger must then show respect and obedience toward the elder. In the even that the elder is unable to care for themselves, as in the case of aging parents, it is the younger’s responsibility to care for the elder. The idea is that when each person is doing their duty in each relationship, society will run much more smoothly and harmoniously. While Confucianism focuses on social aspects, it does not consider the
Confucianism was a set of guidelines for a living moral life. It is about the rights of individuals. It highly supported education. That was the main idea of it all. During the Han period Wudi set up civil service exams to make sure all the philosophers know the whole philosophy. They would be written down in these massive books about just knowledge of Confucianism. Confucian people believed that you could not understand mortality and filial piety unless the individual has knowledge. Many books were written about this philosophy, such as the Analects. These were sought to be one of the most influential books in Chinese history. It was considered a sacred text. Confucianist people were not being able to fulfill his or her duties unless they did not meet their family's
Confucianism is a philosophy and way of life formed in China by Confucius, an early Chinese philosopher. It began as a simple concept with ideals of personal virtue, simple filial piety, and basic gender distinctions and social inequalities. But, over time with the emergence of Neo-Confucianism it began to transform into a way of life that was degrading towards women with certain hostilities towards rivaling religions. In its early period, from around 500 B.C.E to the Common Era, Confucianism changed in that it became the leading belief system and a major part of Chinese tradition. From the transition into the Common Era to the end of the Classical time period, Confucianism was altered because of a loss of popularity following the collapse of the Han dynasty and the corruption in the governing political system. In its ending period, the post-classical era, Confucianism underwent perhaps its biggest adjustments with the emergence of Neo-Confucianism. The ideas and virtues presented in the “rebirth of Confucian philosophies” of intolerance of foreign religions and extreme filial piety...
b. Significance: A large element of Confucianism was based upon the relationships between superiors and inferiors of a society. Confucian teaching valued filial piety as a guideline to how these relationships should work. A superior should act kind and benevolent while the inferior should respond with obedience just like how a father and son should treat each other.
The teachings according to Confucius refer to Confucianism. Confucianism is the multifarious classification of ethical, collective, political and pious philosophy developed by Confucius and the old Chinese practices (Bertrand, 1999). Confucianism aim is actually making an individual honorable but also making such an individual the character of learning and of proper manners. The ideal and faultless man has to combine the characters of a saint, an intellectual and gentleman. Confucianism is a religious conviction whose adulation is focused on offerings to the dead. The idea of responsibility is extensive beyond the precincts of morals and holds close to the minutiae of daily living.
Confucianism is a moral and religious system of China. Its origins go back to the Analects, the sayings attributed to Confucius, and to ancient writings, including that of Mencius. Confucius was born a mandarin under the name Kongzi. It was developed around 550 B.C. In its earliest form Confucianism was primarily a system of ethical concepts for the control of society. It saw man as a social creature that is bound to his fellow men by jen, or “humanity.” Jen is expressed through the five relationships—sovereign and subject, parent and child, elder and younger brother, husband and wife, and friend and friend. Of these, the filial relation is most important.
Confucius (551–479 B.C.) was a Chinese philosopher and founder of the Confucian school of thought, which greatly influenced political and social life in China. His teachings are known primarily through the Analects of Confucius, a collection of "brief aphoristic fragments", which was compiled many years after his death. Although he didn’t write any books, his students did the writing based on his teachings and millions of people still rely on Confucius's philosophy as a guide to live. Until the twentieth century, Confucianism was the state religion of China. Confucius (Master K'ung Ch'iu), His philosophy emphasized personal and governmental morality, correctness of social relationships, justice and sincerity. These values gained prominence in China over other doctrines, such as Legalism or Daoism. Legalism was a third Chinese philosophy, a Classical Chinese philosophy that emphasizes the need for order above all other human concerns. At the other extreme was the philosophy known as Legalism. Proponents of Legalism did not concern themselves with Confucian values of ethical and mor...
Confucianism is a religious philosophy formed by the Chinese philosopher Kung-fu-Tsu. This philosophy came out of need during the warring states period of Chinese history. K'ung-fu-Tsu was a teacher at the hundred schools. His prime concern was the improvement of society. Confucianism has no gods, and the only written history of this religion is in the Analects, a collection of his responses to his disciple's questions. K'ung-fu-Tsu believed that the improvement of society was the responsibility of the ruler and that the quality of government depended on the ruler's moral character. This new way meant concern for others and adherance to the golden rule. Confucianism has had a greater and longer lasting influence on China than that of any other religious philosophy.
Confucianism has had a major influence on Chinese social, political and economic life for more than 2000 years. Confucius was the most innovative and respected philosopher in Chinese history. His ideas have been the strongest influence on China and its society. Confucius taught the value of practical ethics and social morality in order to obtain his decadent view of society. He presented the idea of perfecting the human personality by incorporating the five virtues of Jen, Li, Hsiao Ti, Chung-Su and I (Smith 1973, p 66) until the ideal of a perfect man and true gentleman is reached. Confucianism changed everything about China including the way the government ran the country and how young people were being educated. This essay will examine Confucianism as a philosophy, rather than a religion, and how it acted as a moral guide to a way of living in Chinese society in order to create cultural unification and social harmony.
For many centuries, Confucianism has been widely revered by the Chinese for its emphasis on morality. Confucius, who lived from 551 to 479 BCE, is different to most philosophers in that he showed no interest questioning his existence, the possibility of a God, or the reality that he seemed to live in; instead he focused on the human relations side of philosophy as it was his belief that people should “give (themselves) earnestly to the duties due to men … (and) keep aloof from (spiritual beings)” (Confucius 195). By negating the metaphysical side of philosophy, he was able to devote himself to mold his disciples into ideal gentleman who were morally righteous, and were able to benefit society. He believed in the importance of individuals who knew their roles in an well-structured society, that was a feudal system. In his opinion, the ideal gentleman should be obedient to his elders, have humanness and be morally righteous. Through his teachings, he was able to reform an entire country; the Chinese found Confucianism to embody practices of humaneness that they could apply in their daily lives through his religion.
Language is nothing but a media which expresses feelings, ideas, experiences and even pains properly to others. Cultural background is the origin of language. Language is one of the channels which promote human relations and human affections. Language always unites the people and sometimes language itself diverse the people. Without the language we cannot imagine the existence of human beings on the earth. Language is a system of words that people used to express thoughts, feelings each other. The word ‘language’ derived from Latin “lingua” which means ‘tongue, speech’. The word sometimes used to refer to codes, ciphers and other kind of communication systems. For example computer programming.