The Bishop of Hamburg Grants a Charter to Colonists (1106) is a legal document commissioned by Frederick, Bishop of Hamburg, outlining the rights of the Hollanders in regards to the land he was offering for them to colonise. Furthermore, the charter was signed by “Henry, the Priest, to whom we have granted the aforesaid churches for life” in addition to the “laymen, Helikin, Arnold, Hiko, Fordolt, and Referic” . Produced in 1106, this source reveals the value of land in the economic climate of the Middle Ages. This source is “a perpetual benediction” , and thus is destined to the current and future Bishop landowners of the area, to bind them in legal agreement, according to the specific payment and dimensions laid out in the charter. This source illuminates the value and power of the ecclesiastical order of the land. This source reveals the interplay of the church and the secular clergy, the nobility and landowners, and the laity, with further insight into measurements and economic currency used in the 12th century Medieval Europe. Not only was this charter a means of granting land ...
In The Voices of Morebath: Reformation and Rebellion in an English Village, renowned scholar Eamonn Duffy investigates the English Reformation. Duffy pears through the eyes of the priest of a small, remote village in Southwestern England. Using Sir Christopher Trichay’s records of the parish, Duffy illustrates an image of Reformation opposite of what is predominantly assumed. Duffy argues the transformation that took place between 1530 and 1570, through the transition of four monarchs, was much more gradual that many interpret. Even though state mandate religious change affected the community of Morebath, the change did not ensue the violence that is often construed with the Reformation. Sir Christopher Trichay’s leadership and his portrayal of community life, the development and removal of St. Sidwell, and the participation in the church through stores develop Duffy’s argument of appeasement rather than violence during the English Reformation.
Peace of London in 1518, the Field of the Cloth of Gold and the Calais
Lynch, Joseph H. The Medieval church: A Brief History. New York: Longman Group UK Limited, 1992.
economic system of Europe, based on the possession of land and the relation between lord and
Stow, Kenneth. Papal and Royal Attitudes Toward Jewish Lending in the Thirteenth Century. AJS Review, Vol. 6. 1981. pp.161-184
Yale Law School. “Treat of San Ildefonso”. –The Avalon Project. Retrieved December 13, 2013. http://avalon.law.yale.edu/19th_century/ildefens.asp
We will begin discussing French peasant revolts with the revolt against “gabelle”, meaning, in English, the tax on salt. This tax initiative began in 1548 and is kn...
The purpose of this research paper is to evaluate feudalism’s effectiveness as an economic system. Feudalism was the system most common in Middle Ages Europe. This structure of land distribution involved breaking up land into smaller pieces with their own rulers in exchange for loyalty to the king. This investigation will focus on the Feudalism specifically in Europe in the Middle Ages, as opposed to Oriental feudalism. The books The Middle Ages by Joseph Dahlmus and Feudal Society by Marc Bloch, which dives into Feudalism’s details and effects, are two prominent sources in the paper.
The Reformation spurred a wave of political devolution throughout Europe in the early 1500s, the most obvious example being that of the Holy Roman Empire. Although the nobility of the Holy Roman Empire had managed to keep hold of its power throughout a time of political unification, the Reformati...
Watt, T. (1991). Cheap Print and Popular Piety 1550-1640. New York, NY: Cambridge University Press.
Spufford, Peter. Power And Profit: The Merchant In Medieval Europe. New York, NY: Thames & Hudson Inc., 2002.
-Common Law: the “law of the land”(Pool 127), which was built up over many centuries
Manors were the economic units of life in the early Middle Ages; manors consisted of a manor house, a few villages, and several thousand acres of land, which were divided into meadow, p...
Being the ruler of France, King Philip IV did what he thought was right and wanted to tax all the eligible people of France equally in order to pay his country’s expenses. Ladies and gentlemen, Pope Boniface VIII is guilty of not willingly paying the Church’s share of taxes to help France pay certain expenses. Conflict arose from 1294 – 1303 between Pope Boniface VIII and King Philip IV, known as Philip the Fair. King Philip’s IV desire to tax the Church to finance his wars was problematic for the papacy of Pope Boniface VIII, and other clerics. King Philip IV of France believed that everyone in France should be taxed equally in order to pay for his war with England. He thought in order to tax the people equally he needed to include taxing the clergy and their individual realms. However, Pope Boniface VIII did not agree with Philip the Fair. He thought it was an infringement against the Church and its ability to self-rule. Being in charge of the Church, Pope Boniface VIII was concerned with losing his control over the people within his realm. The decision by Philip the Fair to tax the Catholic Church in France had a direct connection with the relationship between Pope Boniface and King Philip for several more years. However, Philip the Fair had the highest power of France and was responsible for providing the people of France protection against its enemies. Being the leader of France, King Philip IV was obligated to the people of France to protect its borders, to finance his armies through taxation, and collect equally from all required citizens of France, including members of the Catholic Church located within the borders of France. I intend to prove that King Philip IV of France had a right to tax all of the people of France, in...
Russell, C. (1996). The Reformation and the creation of the Church of England, 1500-1640. In J. Morrill (Ed.), The Oxford illustrated history of Tudor and Stuart Britain (pp. 258-292). New York, NY: Oxford University Press.