The Art of the Postage Stamp
When I imagine an artist, I picture a Parisian dabbing at a sprawling masterpiece between drags on a cigarette seated in an extravagantly long holder. He stands amid a motley sea of color, great splashes of vermillion and ultramarine and yellow ochre hiding the tarp on the studio floor. Somehow, not one lonely drop of paint adorns his Italian leather shoes with their pointed toes like baguettes.
In my grand visions, I overlook a slightly smaller medium: the postage stamp. Caught in my busy routine, I rarely stop to closely examine these gems. A square inch canvass can often reward the viewer more than a mural will. With his unique Picasso meets Dali style, Hans Erni rekindled my interest in stamp collecting. Born in Lucerne, Erni shared my Swiss heritage as well as boasting a considerable amount of artistic prowess. More than 90 postage stamps from Switzerland, Liechtenstein, and the United Nations feature his designs (American Sport Art Museum).
In addition to the traditional challenges associated with any artistic endeavor, a postage stamp’s size and shape constraints limit design possibilities. Through his clever use of line, color, and composition, Erni promotes his humanitarian philosophy through his works, despite the restrictions. In 1986, he wrote:
"I am convinced that it is possible to express something even on the smallest space - supposing that you have something to say... The designing of stamps brought me further, because I had to force myself to be as simple and as clear as possible, with a minimum of lines and colors. I understood that it is possible to realize a good work even with only one color” (Hans Erni – A Swiss Artist).
“Peace”, “Planetarium”, and “Ice Hockey - ...
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... a sense of movement and excitement. Erni expertly unites his image under one artistic style, even down to the unique font around the stamp’s borders.
Hans Erni captivated me with his bold artwork, which transcends physical size with ingenious design. He furthered his humanitarian goals by presenting concepts, places, and events through a medium few artists would consider. Instead of letting this art be exclusively stored in galleries and private homes, Erni pushes it into everyday use through the postal system. If anyone complains about the small size of the artwork, I challenge him to lick a stamp without holding it in front of his face.
Works Cited
American Sport Art Museum
http://www.asama.org/Artists/Erni.htm
Hans Erni – A Swiss Artist
http://www.values.ch/hans-erni.htm
Hans Erni – A Swiss Artist on Stamps
http://www.spiritualmind.org/erni.htm
· 1999: Private commissions (2). Continues to work on paintings for traveling exhibition, Visual Poems of Human Experience (The Company of Art, Chronology 1999).
I observed a very unique series of photographs by Vik Muniz called Seeing is Believing. Vik Muniz’s images are not simply photography but are pictures of complicated pieces of art he has produced at earlier times. Utilizing an array of unorthodox materials including granulated sugar, chocolate syrup, sewing thread, cotton, wire, and soil Muniz first creates an image, sculpturally manipulates it and then photographs it. Muniz’s pictures include portraits, landscapes, x-rays, and historical images.
Benjamin, Walter, and J. A. Underwood. The Work of Art in the Age of Mechanical Reproduction. London: Penguin, 2008. Print.
Liposomes are artificial prepared vesicles which are composed of the lipid bilayer. They can be used as a vehicle for nutrients and pharmaceutical drug administration. Liposomes are prepared by disrupting the biological membranes by sonication. Liposomes are closed vehicles that contain both lipophilic and a hydrophilic region. The formation of these vesicles is made by hydrating a mixture of cholesterol and a phospholipid. There are many different approaches to delivering these drugs. Improvements for the performance of the drug molecules are by delayed clearance from the circulation and protecting the drug from the environment and limiting the effects to the target cells. “Liposomes was discovered about 40 years ago by Bangham and his coworker.” (Boddyreddy, 2012) which was an accidently discovery because he was studying blood clotting.
In this case study, our concern goes for the chitosan nanoparticles; firstly nanoparticles are able to adsorb and/or encapsulate a drug, thus protecting it against chemical and enzymatic degradation. Furthermore the encapsulated drug may be prevented from crystallization, thus forming a solid solution. Depending on drug solubility in the carrier, a drug load varying from only a few percent up to 50%] Secondly, chitosan is ...
...use many of his concepts and ideas today, such as the law of conservation of matter and the calculus concept of dy/dx. Leibniz sought after knowledge and gave the world many new and innovative ways to think. Through his advancements in mathematics, many other fields of study took root and thrived. Leibniz died November 14, 1716. His contributions to society brought about a new way of thinking and challenged what the world knew.
Etymologically, the word plagiarism comes from Latin “plagiare” meaning to “kidnap” (Das, and Panjabi, 2011). The Merriam-Webster online dictionary defines plagiarize as: “to steal and pass off (the ideas or words of another) as one's own: use (another's production) without crediting the source” (“Plagiarize,” n.d.). Essentially it is a dishonest act consisting in wrongly appropriate what is not yours (“What Is Plagiarism?,” n.d.). Those nuances in its definition may explain the different types of plagiarism. The number of kinds of plagiarism varies from textbook or site. For this paper, we will be limited to the study of four common types of plagiarism as suggested by Bowdoin College. We will start with direct
The article Artists Mythologies and Media Genius, Madness and Art History (1980) by Griselda Pollock is a forty page essay where Pollock (1980), argues and explains her views on the crucial question, "how art history works" (Pollock, 1980, p.57). She emphasizes that there should be changes to the practice of art history and uses Van Gogh as a major example in her study. Her thesis is to prove that the meaning behind artworks should not be restricted only to the artist who creates it, but also to realize what kind of economical, financial, social situation the artist may have been in to influence the subject that is used. (Pollock, 1980, pg. 57) She explains her views through this thesis and further develops this idea by engaging in scholarly debates with art historians and researcher, and objecting to how they claim there is a general state of how art is read. She structures her paragraphs in ways that allows her to present different kinds of evidences from a variety sources while using a formal yet persuasive tone of voice to get her point across to the reader.
Plagiarism is the copying of another individual’s writings and ideas. Plagiarism is an idea that has been constructed by society. It revolves around society’s ideas of intellectual and private property. It is considered to be a form of cheating. Often times in elementary schools and high schools, plagiarism is discussed as bad but is not actually prevented. Teachers often do not detect plagiarism and even when they do, sometimes it is ignored. The student is then rewarded with a good grade, ingraining within the student that it is acceptable to plagiarize. Plagiarism affects the ways an individual develops as a person and as a writer.
...ers. He noted that all he was “concerned about...was to say something artistically that was uniquely [his] own”(Rapf).
Plagiarism is a distinguished sounding word. One would almost think that it sounds like some lofty philosophical ideal named for the great Greek teacher Plagiarus, something to be aspired to. This is not so. Plagiarism is in fact a moral misdemeanor, and an academic felony. By definition, plagiarism is "a piece of writing that has been copied from someone else and is presented as being your own work." Socrates, Plato and Aristotle would have frowned on such a practice, and "Plagiarus" would have been kicked out of the academy. Such is the fate of many college students today.
Dezeuze, Anna. “Walking the Line.” Art Monthly 323 (2009):1-6. Academic Search Premier. Web. 21 Oct. 2013
Plagiarism is defined in the Encyclopedia Britannica Online as “the act of taking the writings of another person and passing them off as one's own”. In my own words I define it as the stealing of someone else’s literary work and taking credit for their writings. Sometimes it is done intentionally as an act of complete dishonesty. Someone may not want to exert the necessary effort required to research and write his or her own work. They assume it would be easier to just copy another author’s work. Another example of deliberate plagiarism is the buying or selling of papers, or hiring someone to write a paper. Most frequently, plagiarism occurs without the writer knowing that he or she is plagiarizing. Simply quoting an author without stating where the quote was taken from and citing the name of author is plagiarizing. If someone uses an authors style of writing and/ or word usage throughout his/her paper that is also considered plagiarism. Whether done intentionally or in error, plagiarism is a crime that can warrant serious penalties
Plagiarism is the "wrongful appropriation" and "purloining and publication" of another author's "language, thoughts, ideas, or expressions," and the representation of them as one's own original work. The idea remains problematic with unclear definitions and unclear rules. The modern concept of plagiarism as immoral and originality as an ideal emerged in Europe only in the 18th century, particularly with the Romantic movement.
The true definition of plagiarism is “Using someone else’s ideas or phrasing and representing those ideas or phrasing as our own, either on purpose or through carelessness.”[2] There are many different ways of remedying this problem.