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The Analysis of the Five Factor Model
In this essay, first the Five Factor Model (FFM) will be described.
Secondly, psychologists for and against the model will be looked at.
Following this, the stability of traits will be looked at, both
longitudinal and cross situational. Finally, the application of the
model within and outside psychology will be evaluated to show support
that the FFM provides a solid foundation for an adequate personality
psychology.
“The Five Factor Model provides a compelling framework for building
personality measures that seek to represent the domain of individual
terms broadly and systematically” (Briggs, 1989 as cited in McAdams.
DP, 1992, p. 332). The FFM consists of five factors (The ‘Big Five’).
They are Openness, Conscientiousness, Extraversion, Agreeableness, and
Neuroticism. When measured individuals can range from extremes on each
of these traits. The FFM suggests that these factors are both fixed
and stable and make up our personality. The FFM was designed to
establish the basic units of personality by having everyday people
rate themselves or others using words sampled from the dictionary
(John, Angleitner, and Ostendorf, 1988 as cited in Pervin. AL,
Cervone, D, Oliver. PJ, 2004). Many studies like this have been
conducted and after factor analysing the ratings the five factors
mentioned above were consistently found. Psychologist Lewis R.
Goldberg reviewed the model and came up with the theory that the five
factors are terms that over a long period of time, the human race has
collectively narrowed down and use universally to describe an
individuals personality. It gives individuals a sense of...
... middle of paper ...
...to psychology and
outside of psychology is also a convincing argument for the support of
the model.
Bibliography
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The Big Five Personality Test provided an interesting account of my personality. Although the majority of the results were accurate, I was surprised by two of the outcomes. According to this test, I am a closed-minded, unmethodical, social butterfly that is well-mannered towards others and composed under pressure (John, 2009). First, the results were completely accurate as I am extremely extroverted. I never meet a stranger, and I carry on conversations with anyone. From the custodian, to the cashier, to a random person on the street, it gives me a great sense of fulfillment to engage in dialogue with others from all walks of life. Second, I agree that I am polite and supportive, especially with family and friends. Overall, I try to always
After Allport, came along two psychologists, Raymond Cattell and Hans Eysenck, who each formulated their own theories regarding traits. Their theories have been the subjects of considerable research in the world of psychology. Cattell seemed to focus on far too many traits, while Eysenck seemed to focus on too few. As a result, psychologists have combined the two theories to make one satisfactory theory (Cherry), called “The Big Five Factors” (Myers). They are: conscientiousness, agreeableness, neuroticism, openness, and extraversion. These five factors merge to create the human personality (Cherry). Where people fall into these factors s...
Cervone, D., Pervin, L. A. (2008). Personality: Theory and research (10th Ed.). New York: Wiley.
Hazan, C., & Shaver, P. (1987). Journal of personality and social psychology and. Retrieved from http://internal.psychology.illinois.edu/~broberts/Hazan & Shaver, 1987.pdf
five factor theory is a fairly recent proposal and has its basis in earlier work,
The purpose of this research report is to investigate the personality of Beyoncé Knowles in terms of humanistic and trait conceptions of personality.
Personality is massive part of an individual’s identity. Our personalities dictate our patterns of thinking, feeling, and acting. An individual’s personality exposes them to predispositions and habits that influence their actions and lives. Early on, personality assessments consisted of physical features ranging from head shape and facial characteristics to body type. In today’s world, personality assessments are mainly based around traits. Traits are simply descriptions of one’s habitual patterns of behavior, thought and emotion. The most popular personality assessment is the Five-Factor Model, also known as The Big Five. This model allows us to describe people based on the five main traits/dimensions. These traits are extraversion, agreeableness, conscientiousness, neuroticism, and openness to experience. Each of these five traits measures a different aspect of one’s personality. Extraversion is based on one’s level of engagement with the world,
A five-factor model is an approach that was created based off of factors that many personality researchers have found within their own studies. Costa and McCrae are very well known for the OCEAN model. OCEAN is an acronym for openness to experience, conscientiousness, extroversion, agreeableness, and neuroticism.
“The Big Five Trait Theory” is based on the five broad dimensions of one’s personality which according to Jason Rentfrow (PH. D) was “uncovered” after “decades of research on personality.”
Schultz, D. P., & Schultz, S. E. (2013). Theories of personality (10th ed.). Belmont, CA: Cengage/Wadsworth.
The five-factor model includes five broad domains or dimensions of personality that are used to describe human personality. The five factors are openness, conscientiousness, extraversion, agreeableness, and neuroticism. While these five traits should be sufficient on their own to describe all facets of a personality, there also should be no correlation between the main factors. The Five Factor Model is now perhaps the most widely use trait theory of personality and has achieved the closest thing to a consensus in personality research. The advantage of this theory is that there have been multiple research studies conducted on this theory. Results suggest that this theory is effective in describing and determining personality. However, this theory is very categorical and does not allow for much flexibility. It also looks at the person personality at that time and now how it developed.
Magnavita, J. J. (2002). Theories of personality: Contemporary approaches to the science of personality. New York: Wiley.
Personality can be defined as an individual’s characteristic pattern of thinking, feeling and acting. Many personality theorists have put forward claims as to where personality is derived from and how it develops throughout an individual’s life. The two main personality theories this essay will be focusing on is the Social Cognitive Theory (SCT) (Bandura, 1986) and the Trait Theory – Five Factor Theory (FFT) (McCrae and Costa, 1995). The SCT allocates a central role to cognitive, observational learning and self-regulatory processes (Bandura, 1986). An individual’s personality develops through experiences with their sociocultural environment. Whereas the Trait Theory proposes that all individuals are predisposed with five traits (Extraversion, Openness, Conscientiousness, Agreeableness and Neuroticism) which determines our personality. This theory also puts forward that personality is stable and cannot change as it’s biologically determined.
Friedman, H. S., & Schustack, M. W. (2012). Personality: Classic theories and modern research (5th ed). Boston , MA, USA: Pearson
The second major theory is called the trait or five-factor model. Often referred to as the "Big 5". The five personality traits described by the theory are extraversion, agreeableness, openness, conscientiousness and neuroticism. Beneath each proposed global factor, a number of correlated and more specific primary factors are claimed. One strength of the trait perspectives is their ability to categorize observable behaviors. In other words, observing the behaviors of an individual over time and in varying circumstances provides evidence for the personality traits categorized in trait theories. Another strength is that trait theories use