Ten Principles of Economics and How Markets Work
This paper will define the Ten Principles of Economics, as well as discuss how the society manages its resources and benefits from economic interdependence. It will also discuss why the demand curve slopes downward and the supply curve slopes upward, where the point of equilibrium is and what it defines and the impact of price controls, taxes and elasticity on the changes in supply, demand and equilibrium prices.
The Ten Principles of Economics There are Ten Principles of Economics to include: “1) People face tradeoffs; 2) the cost of something is the price you are willing to pay to obtain it; 3) rational people think at the margin; 4) people respond to incentives; 5) trade is beneficial to
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Economists examine the basics of the economy, inclusive of mitigating factors such as income, unemployment, and average costs, to determine if an economy is efficient. An efficient economy is one in which society reaps the greatest reward from its resources (Mankiw, 2015). According to Gregory Mankiw, economists study how to make decisions, how people interact and how the economy works as a whole. Microeconomics is the branch of economics that analyzes the market behavior of individual consumers and firms to attempt to understand the decision-making process of firms and …show more content…
Price floors consist of price ceilings and price floors. Price ceilings are the maximum price at which a good or service can be sold. Alternatively, price floors are the lowest point (or minimum price) a good can be sold (Vancouver Community College Learning Centre, 2013). Price ceilings are only effective when they in effect below the equilibrium price. When the ceiling is in force, the quantity demanded is greater thatn the amount supplied. A price flor is only useful when they are set above the equilibrium price as they result in a deman being less than the quantity supplied, creating an overstock or surplus of the item (Vancouver Community College Learning Centre, 2013).
Taxes have an effect on the supply (and demand) curve. When a supply is perfectly inelastic (vertical), changes in price have no effect on quantity supplied or demanded. A perfectly horizontal curve will reduce the demand for a particular item to the point of near
We the consumer would rather pay less for any product that is needed or want. Ultimately we are the reason for high prices as well as low prices. Prices of products do not always stay the same and more popular products have higher prices than less popular products. These fluctuations, high prices and low prices are from the idea of supply and demand. Supply and demand defines the effect that the availability of a particular product and the desire or demand for that product has on price. Generally, if there is a low supply and a high demand, the price will be high (Investopedia). To understand the idea of supply and demand, the understanding of supply and the understanding of demand must be defined. The Law of Supply states that at higher prices, producers are willing to offer more products for sale than at lower prices, also that the supply increases as prices increase and decreases as prices decrease (Curriculum Link). The Law of Demand states people will buy more of a product at a lower price than at a higher price, if nothing changes, at a lower price, more people can afford to buy more goods and more of an item more frequently, than they can at a higher price and that at lower prices, people tend to buy some goods as a substitute for others more expensive (Curriculum Link). In todays economics these ideas are seen frequently in everyday life. The laws of supply and demand are seen in many ways in the company Apple Inc. Each year Apple Inc unveils a long awaited mobile operating system and IPhone. We can also see many aspects of the law of supply and demand in Nike Inc’s Jordan Brand. Jordan Brand has released a number of...
The Economy is the backbone to society. There are many factors that operate in, and govern our society’s economical structure. Factors such as scarcity and choice, opportunity cost, marginal analysis, microeconomics, macroeconomics, factors of production, production possibilities, law of increasing opportunity cost, economic systems, circular flow model, money, and economic costs and profits all contribute to what is known as the economy. These properties as well as a few others, work together to influence the economy. Microeconomics and Macroeconomics are two major components. Both of these are broken down into several different components that dictate societal norms and views.
The first important concept I learned was the ‘goals of monetary policy’. The primary goal of a central bank is price stability (low and stable inflation). Some of the Feds (short for the Federal Reserve Bank) other concerns are:
Paul A. Samuelson, one of the men who made Harvard’s reputation, made various contributions to modern economics. Samuelson brought numerous theories to the table, showing that math is an effective and necessary component of understanding economics. Furthermore, he discovered a new obstacle regarding inflation, known as “cost-push” inflation. But most importantly, Paul A. Samuelson has shown that economic theories can be timeless, however their implementation evolves around the current economic circumstances that are in play.
The introduction of new taxes, especially taxes for the goods bought, the demand will surely decrease. The curve will shift to the left.
...e. A price gouger needs to charge more in order to avail the product or service. In the case of Raleigh, the roads to the town were not accessible due to fallen trees and rocks. An entrepreneur would need to cut the trees and remove the rocks in order to take the product there. People who do that need compensation for all the trouble they take to bring products to the market. The youths who brought ice to Raleigh town had to cut down trees in order to access town. Instead of selling ice as the “right price” of less than 2 dollars, the youths charged more than 8 dollars. The price provided just there right compensation for all their efforts. Banning price gouging led to serious suffering of the people because the little food left went bad causing even more losses. For a few dollars for the price of ice, Raleigh residents could have saved millions worth of food.
The following text is real world examples of these economic principles. They have been provided to build a bridge between current economic situations and economic principles of elasticity.
Figure I I .4 illustrates the effects of an increase in demand. OD is the original demand curve so that the equilibrium price is P and quantity Q is demanded and supplied.
The market price of a good is determined by both the supply and demand for it. In the world today supply and demand is perhaps one of the most fundamental principles that exists for economics and the backbone of a market economy. Supply is represented by how much the market can offer. The quantity supplied refers to the amount of a certain good that producers are willing to supply for a certain demand price. What determines this interconnection is how much of a good or service is supplied to the market or otherwise known as the supply relationship or supply schedule which is graphically represented by the supply curve. In demand the schedule is depicted graphically as the demand curve which represents the amount of goods that buyers are willing and able to purchase at various prices, assuming all other non-price factors remain the same. The demand curve is almost always represented as downwards-sloping, meaning that as price decreases, consumers will buy more of the good. Just as the supply curves reflect marginal cost curves, demand curves can be described as marginal utility curves. The main determinants of individual demand are the price of the good, level of income, personal tastes, the population, government policies, the price of substitute goods, and the price of complementary goods.
Economics is basically the understanding of how different economies function. Economics is the study of how to best allocate scarce resources among competing uses. Scarcity in the economy is the main problem. There are not enough resources to keep up with the demand for them. Within the discipline of economics, there are two areas of study: Micro and Macro Economics.
There are two reasons help us to answer this question. Firstly, as it mentioned above, economics could provide supports to help people make right decisions. Everyone have to make a considerable amount of decisions in life and work, no matter they are politicians or housewives. For example, a wise politician makes use of economics theory to make economic decisions in order to run the country well and bringing prosperities to people. A smart housewife knows that breads’ and vegetables’ prices are economical in the afternoon under economics’ guidance. Some common rules hide incredible economics theories people might never notice because it seems so simple in the normal life. If we known these theories, we can take advantages of it to make right decisions at vital moment. Secondly, economics, as one of the most important subjects in academic circle, playing a significant role and affecting many aspects of our life. Before I study economics, I found many strange things whereas I can not explain by using common sense. For example, why are diamonds so much more expensive than water even thought water has vital importance to human existence than diamonds? Why does government levy taxes on merchandises to increase citizens’ financial burden? Why does the fast food restaurant drink can be refilled for free? After I learned the marginal cost and
Managerial economics fits into the topics discussed because this is an area that gives explanation on how resources such as money, technology, land, and labor. It looks on how all these resources should be allocated in a more efficient manner. By understanding managerial economics it is possible to make the right decision regarding all the above topics. The managers have the ability to apply managerial economics to make strategies and solve critical business problems (Rowe,
Sloman, J & Wride, A (2012). Principles of Economics. 8th ed. Essex: Pearson Education Limited.
According Spencer and Siegelman managerial economics accommodates traditional theoretical concepts to the actual business behavior and conditions by amalgamating tools, techniques, models as well as theories of traditional economics with actual business practices and environment in which a firm operates. According to Edwin Mansfield, “Managerial Economics attempts to bridge the gap between purely analytical problems that intrigue many economic theories and the problems of policies that management must
What is Microeconomics? This question was left unanswered when I initially enrolled in this course. Microeconomics is the social science that studies the implications of individual human actions, specifically about how those decisions affect the utilization and distribution of scarce resources. Microeconomics shows how and why different goods have different values, how individuals create more efficient or more productive decisions, and how individuals best coordinate and cooperate with one another. Microeconomics does not try to explain what should happen in a market, but instead only explains what to expect if certain conditions change. For instance, If the price of the new iPhone 8 is higher than the previous model will the consumer buy it? There are several elements that will play into getting an answer for this question, but gives you a general idea of what microeconomics entails.