Introduction
Lumber or timber is a type of wood that can and has been turned into many products such as planks and beams. Lumber can be used in multiple ways but a main way is for structural purposes. Lumber is used and made into many kinds of products including: veneer, plywood, particleboard, wood composites and wood pellets. All of these products are created through mechanical processes like peeling, sawing, chipping or slicing.
Availability and Spatial Distribution
Softwood, which comes from coniferous trees, is what supplies many of the manufactures in the lumber industry. Hardwood is the second kind of lumber and it is what makes up the rest of the manufactures in the industry and is usually made out of deciduous trees. Softwood is found primarily in British Columbia and Hardwood is found primarily in southern Ontario and Quebec. Tree species are the main source of lumber. Many physical geographic processes affect the way trees grow such as weathering and erosion.
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There are many species of trees that get turned into lumber and then manufactured. By harvesting lumber, we are cutting down many trees which are very important to many cycle in the environment. Fortunately we are able to grow back. Forests are burned or clear-cut to facilitate access to, and use of, the land. This practice often occurs when the perceived need for long term sustainability is overwhelmed by short-term sustenance goals. Not only are the depletion of species-rich forests a problem, affecting the local and regional hydrological regime, the smoke caused by the burning trees pollutes the atmosphere, adding more CO2, and furthering the greenhouse effect. For thousands of years, wood has been used as a building material and the fact is wood has huge environmental benefits over other building products. It is completely biodegradable, works as an effective insulator, and is 100 percent
Mr. George Dodge, Clarkson Lumber Company is doing well but there is the issue of whether or not there is too high a risk in granting the request for the $750,000 line of credit. There are many supporting strong points but it also has some problems to work out. This is a company that has many good characteristics and looks promising but needs the extra money to pay off loans, inventory, and supplies. I recommend this company to receive the line of credit.
Using plywoods made with ‘Paulownia wood core’ (PWC) material provides good strength to weight ratios and can be skinned with any face-grade veneer, providing virtually unlimited choices to the exterior look. Due to it’s light weight, utilizing PWC material will significantly reduce the overall weight of the finished panel. Lighter weight panels reduced transport costs of raw sheet good material, (from Mill to final user) as well as the transport and operating weight of the final products which integrate PWC based plywoods in their
Wood samples from Cupressus arizonica, Cupressus lusitanica, and Cupressus sempervirens were evaluated in terms of chemical, anatomical and pulp features in order to consider as raw-material for pulp production. Two 17-year-old trees per species were harvested and wood samples taken at two stem height levels (ground level and 2 m from the ground). Extractives and Klason lignin content were determined in the different wood samples. Wall thickness and tracheid diameter were determined for earlywood and latewood. Representative Wood chips from Pinus pinaster grown in Portugal and from Pinus sylvestris grown in Finland were used as references.
Wood types differ considerably in properties such as color, density, and hardness, making timber a resource that is valuable in a wide variety of contexts. Each of the samples of commonly used woods shown here has distinctive characteristics. Mahogany is a tropical tree prized for its heavy, strong, easily worked wood. Hickory is a tough, hard wood used for tool handles, furniture, and smoke wood for meat. Instrument makers favor the strong, richly colored wood of the cherry tree. Yew is strong, fine-grained wood used for cabinetmaking and archery bows. Like mahogany, the wood of the iroko is resistant to both rot and insects and bears the "interlocked" grain of many tropical trees. Oak is one of the world's most durable woods. It is used in barrel-making, veneers, and flooring....
Wood species can be divided into two groups: hardwood and softwood. Softwoods are gymnosperm trees, while hardwoods are angiosperm trees. (Stenius 2000). The composition and structure of wood are a masterpiece of evolutionary design, which enable trees to grow tall and live for many years. The wood structure also enables the trees to survive for strong natural forces such as wind and gravity and the structure even provides for an efficient transport of water from the roots to the crown. Wood is a complex biocomposite built up of cells whose own building blocks, the wood polymers and their ideal composition, give rise to a superior weight-to-strength ratio for the wood material. Wood is essentially composed of cellulose, hemicelluloses, lignin, and extractives. Each of these components contributes to fiber properties, which ultimately impact product properties. In different wood species, however, their relative composition varies greatly, and also the chemical composition of wood varies quantitatively among tree species. According to the results, the lignin content and functional group were determined separately. In addition, the chemical structure was not similar between softwood and hardwood. Lignin is one of the important chemical constituents of lignocellulosic materials in wood and it is one of the most abundant biopolymers in nature. The physical
Taking wood from rainforests and old-growth forests is detrimental to the environment and society. However, it is possible for us to have sustainable wood if we make an effort.
In 1996, Arctic Timber Engineered Woods Division, a highly mature business unit, faced a market downturn and began losing millions of dollars each month. Before becoming the President of the Engineered Woods Division, Bjorn Gustavsson had already determined that the company could not sustain its commodity business and was not aligned with the new direction devised by Peter Hammarskjöld, the CEO of Arctic Timber. According to Gustavsson, in order to prosper in a more challenging market environment, developing a specialty business was the only viable approach. The goal was to shift 50% of its commodity business into undetermined specialty by 2000. However, the Division had shifted only 10% of its business to specialty products by 1997.
We could see the real results of our actions of cutting down all our trees by making a small testing dome to see what happens when we take out a large amount of vegetation out of an Ecosystem. We need to use other materials as an alternative to tree wood for a little bit until we have more sustainable tree farms where we can cut down less natural woods. We need to make sure we keep large amounts of protected forest, and that we don’t destroy every animal habitat in the country, keeping national park for wild life is very important for us as a country and us as a race. NB has suffered a lot from forestry, all old growth forest have been destroyed, and all that remains are secondary growth forest and tree farms. Some national organizations that help protect our forest are CELA, Greenpeace, and the NNC. CELA and NNC works to protect our environment and human health by obtaining justice for those harmed by pollution and by working to change policies to prevent the problems from happening in the first
Nova Scotia is comprised of many forested ecosystems; hardwoods, others with softwoods and some with a mixture of both species. In order to maintain and develop these various ecosystems it is important to know how forest management impacts not only the forest itself but also other ecosystems within. For example, a clear-cut harvest can be compared to the same impact of a forest fire. However, forest fires do not remove everything which clear-cutting does. Recently clear-cutting techniques have changed to benefit Nova Scotia ecosystems by leaving clumps of trees, snags, and strips of forest to provide travel ways for wildlife. Forestry is also investigating other related issues of ecosystem management. To create and maintain the diversity of trees with a region (i.e. Hardwood and softwood), landowners leave several stands of both young and old growth within natural forest stands to enhance the biodiversity and health of the forest site. Normally clearcutting results in the re-planting of tree seedlings, however some species (spruce, pine) overpower the growth of the hardwood trees. This minimizes the level of specie diversity among a timber stand. By allowing these older sections of stands to remain aids to the natural growth and development of hardwood species. Also, the wood debris, a remnant of old forest growth is essential to the survival of many forest species and also acts as a recycler of nutrients back into the soil. During forest harvesting it is not always necessary to remove all the wood from the lot. Rotten or older growth can be left to contribute to the nourishment of natural forests.
Have you ever walked out in your backyard and heard the faint buzz of a chain saw in the distance, or passed a truck caring a load of logs on the interstate? Chances are that you have considering that wood is most commonly used building material of today's society. But have you ever given any thought to how or where the ability to gather such a large quantity of wood originated? Would you believe me if I told you that it came form the jawbone of an animal?
As you know trees take in carbon dioxide (what we breath out) and turn it into oxygen (what we breath) we cannot survive without trees. In the time you say your name a forest as big as a football field is cleared. This is tragic and we need to stop this. 11,500 square miles of just South American forests have been cleared each year. We need to realize that it takes a long time for trees to grow. One tree can be worth 100s of dollars but as there are less the price continues to creep up. This is not good because everything made of wood will rise in prices like furniture, railroad ties, and even toys. Trees are a limited resource so we have to reduce the amount we cut
There are many different types of wood that are used to make the body of a guitar, a few different types include basswood, maple, and walnut wood.
As the world evolves and new ideas are becoming a reality, humans have to make space to accommodate the changes. This causes people to constantly clear forests. The clearing of forests is one of the main causes of global warming. By removing forests, humans are taking away Earth’s ability to repair itself naturally. The more trees that are cut down, the more carbon dioxide there is to destruct Earth’s ozone layer. In turn, this cause
centuries. Today with an increasing population the amount of wood available has declined seriously in recent decades. People have been harvesting wood to cultivate land, burn, and for the use of raw materials for industry (Urquhart 2014). The estimated amount of deforestation taking place is twenty million hectares per year (Urquhart 2014). Climate change and global warming are just a few of the problems associated with the degradation of our forests.
Swietenia macrophylla and S. humilis are referred to as Mahogany, a tropical evergreen or deciduous tree that can attain heights of 150 feet. Mahogany is a member of the Meliaceae, which includes other trees with notable wood for cabinet making. Swietenia macrophylla is world renowned for its beautifully grained, hard, red-brown wood. It has been harvested since 1500 A.D. for its wood, with large branches being in higher demand than the trunk. This is due to the closeness of the grain in the branch's wood. Mahogany is used for furniture, fixtures, musical instruments, millwork, cars, ships, boats, caskets, airplanes, foundry patterns, veneer, and plywood (Hill, 1952).