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Abstract about syphilis
Abstract about syphilis
Abstract about syphilis
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General Description
A painless chancre develops at the site of incubation after around 3 to 6 weeks. "The lesion has a punched-out base and rolled edges and is highly infectious."
Affected Population
People who are around the peak of sexual activity are commonly most affected. People most commonly affected are aged 35 to 39, and are more commonly men. In the United States, around 84% of the cases are housed in the south.
Prevalence: There are more than 12 million cases of syphilis worldwide. It is more common in Sub-Sahara Africa, South and Southeast Asia, Latin America and Caribbean. In the United States, the District of Columbia is number one for most syphilis cases with 95.3 per 100,000 people. Louisiana is second with 38.9 cases. The South harbors a little less than half of all cases of syphilis in the U.S. Also 75% of people affected in the U.S. are men who have sex with men.
Classification: Syphilis can affect either the nervous system (neurosyphilis) or the cardiovascular system (cardiovascular syphilis).
Mechanism of disease in acquired syphilis
Treponema Pallidum punctures mucous membranes or dermal abrasions and enters the blood and lymphatics to infect. The incubation period lasts from exposure to the appearance of the first lesions at the site of inoculation (this is from 10 to 90 days but generally around 3 weeks).
The central nervous system is invaded in the secondary stage. After the first 5-10 years without treatment, the disease involves the meninges and blood vessels. This turns into meningovascular neurosyphilis which can damage the parenchyma of the brain and spinal cord that ends up with parenchymatous neurosyphilis.
A plasma cell-rich infiltrate and endartitis are markings of syphilis. “Endarteritis is...
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...ches, nausea, or a rash. These symptoms are generally gone within one day.
Prognosis: After early diagnosis and full treatment, syphilis can be eradicated from the body. Secondary syphilis may take a few weeks to a year to be completely free the system. One third of the patients who receive no treatment get late syphilis, which may result in death.
Scientific Advancement:
Works Cited
Links: http://emedicine.medscape.com/article/229461-overview#a0104 Mechanism of disease, general description, affected population http://www.cdc.gov/std/stats06/tables/table25.htm Affected population, prevalence http://www.cdc.gov/std/syphilis/stdfact-syphilis.htm Symptoms http://www.webmd.com/sexual-conditions/guide/syphilis Symptoms http://www.webmd.com/sexual-conditions/syphilis-tests Diagnosis http://www.nlm.nih.gov/medlineplus/ency/article/000861.htm Outcome, treatment
The exposure to the contaminated food happened during the Memorial Day service celebration, which was May 30th. According to the case study, onset of symptoms occurred from June 5th to June 28th. Therefore, the incubation period from this case ranged from seven days to thirty days. According to Heymann (2014), the incubation period for Typhoid fever ranges from 3 days to over 60 days, with the usual range from eight to fourteen days. A graph of the incubation period is provided in Figure
In 1932 the United States Public Health Services was responsible for monitoring, identifying, ways to treat sexually transmitted diseases in all US citizens. Public health service was sponsored by Rosenwald Fund; identified Macon County, Alabama had the highest rate of male population infected with the Syphilis. So the Tuskegee Institute was approached to study the effects of untreated syphilis on a black male population for duration of six to nine months and then follow-up with a treatment plan. The research was led by Dr. Taliafero Clark, six hundred Macon County men, 399 with syphilis and 201 who weren’t infected, were enrolled to be part of the study.
Most people in the U.S. learn STDs in their health class in high school. Syphilis is a sexually transmitted disease (STD) that causes sores over private parts or all over the body in a later stage. Syphilis is caused by a bacteria called spirochete. The spirochete cannot survive outside the body. The only way to get the disease is by intimate contact, but catching it is rare. Having more than one partner could increase the chances to catch the disease. The spirochete enters in a break in your skin genitals area or mouth. Once in your body, about three weeks it becomes a sore or have multiple sores. The sore looks like a crater on the surface of the skin. In the first stage it can be treated easily with antibiotics or penicillin. The second stage the syphilis spreads to the rest of the body. It is visible in your hand and soles on your feet. It can cause cardio-vascular disease, mental problems, paralysis, blindness and tumors. Syphilis has links to HIV/AIDS. It also attacks your nervous system. After infection it takes 21 to develop any symptoms for other people it takes from 10 to ninety days. It acts like no other disease known. The last stage is the deadliest if ignored, by the person. The damage obtained by syphilis is irreversible. By practicing safe sex (condoms), or having one sex partner can prevent these
The stigma of syphilis was because the symptoms were disastrous. Severe neurological (dementia, deafness, and mental illness), cardiovascular (heart attack, stroke), skin lesions and rashes all over the body, and death. Mercury and sulfuric elements were used to cure it until 1943 when penicillin came along. There 300,000 new cases of syphilis every year. Macon County, Alabama which was a primality black populated area had 35% infected with syphilis. With the great depression going on the budget, on curing syphilis Macon County was cut. In 1932, a new study was being constructed to effects of syphilis on the black
1. Wake County health officials are claiming that social networking apps are partly to blame for the sharp increase in syphilis cases around the area. According to the state Department of Health and Human Services, As of Friday, March 18th, there has been a recorded 1,113 early syphilis infections that were diagnosed in 2014, in the entire state as well as county, which is a 62 percent increase from the previous year, when 688 cases were reported. The article states that Wake County saw a total of 233 reported cases of syphilis last year, marking a 15-year high. A Wake County public health division director by the name of Sue Lynn said that when patients who contracted syphilis were interviewed in Wake County, many said they met their partner
[Immune mechanism in early syphilis](8) Treponema pallidum is a bacterium that causes Syphilis, a sexually or congenital transmitted infection (6). There are three stages of syphilis: primary, secondary, latent and tertiary, and may also occur congenitally (2).
Over some period of time, affected children (patients) experience mental impairment, worsening seizures, and progressive loss of sight and motor skills. Affected patients become totally disabled and eventually die.
Syphilis, the third most common sexually transmitted disease, affects 12 million new people each year and is the leading cause of stillbirths and deaths among newborns in many developing countries. 3 The causative agent of venereal syphilis is Treponema pallidum, under the Family Spirochaetaceae of the Order Spirochaetales. It is a spirochete, a helical to sinusoidal bacterium ranging from 5 to 15 microns in length. 2 T. pallidum multiplies by binary transverse fission and enter the body through mucous membranes (squamous or columnar epithelium cells) or minor breaks or abrasions in the skin. From there, it migrates to every corner of the body through the blood and lymphatic circulatory system, infecting virtually every bodily organ, including the nervous system. Infections can even reach the womb, infecting the newborn known as congenital syphilis .4
There is little at face value that would alert an educated individual to the severity and the danger of Syphilis – the bacterium which causes syphilis, Treponema pallidum, appears as nothing more than a simple bacterium. The bacterium is spiral in shape, and is classified as Gram Negative (meaning that the bacterium lacks a thick layer of peptidoglycan in its cell wall). Syphilis infects it's victims through a limited number of ways – the most common way, however, is by entrance through chafed, cracked skin and through mucous membranes. Because of this, Syphilis is so effectively transmitted through sexual contact and sexual activity that it is primarily known as a Sexually Transmitted Infection (STI). However, Syphilis does not limit itself to only the aforementioned modes of transportation. The disease is also effectively transmitted through blood transfusions, not to mention the passing of Syphilis from mother to child in the womb during pregnancy (CDC 2007).
The portals of exit for the virus are both direct and indirect. The host may infect another even before their own symptoms manifest; these may not become apparent for up to two weeks. The mechanism is as follows: after entry through the respiratory route, the virus replicates, inhabits the lymphatic system and finally the blood
Most people remain without obvious symptoms for 10 to 12 years and a few for much longer. As with most diseases, early medical care can help prolong a person's life.
Sexually Transmitted Diseases Sexually Transmitted Diseases STDs, a.k.a venereal diseases, infectious diseases passed from one person to another during sexual contact. STDs are the most common infections known. More than 12 million people in the United States, including 3 million teenagers, are infected with STDs every year. The United States has the highest STD rate in the world about one in ten Americans will contract an STD during his or her lifetime. People who do not know they are infected risk infecting their sexual partners and, in some cases, their unborn children. If left untreated, these diseases may cause pain or may destroy a woman's ability to have children. Some STDs can be cured with a single dose of antibiotics, but AIDS cannot be cured. Those most at risk for contracting STDs are people who have unprotected sex—without using a condom, people who have multiple partners, and people whose sex partners are drug users who share needles. Static’s show that Americans between the ages of 16 and 24 are most likely of catching STDs than older adults, because younger people usually have multiple sexual partners than an older person in a long-term relationship. Teenagers may be embarrassed to tell their sexual partners they are infected Teenagers may also be embarrassed or unable to seek medical attention for STDs. This means that they only more likely to pass the disease to other young people and have a greater risk of suffering the long-term consequences of untreated STDs. STDs are transmitted by infectious bacteria, viruses, parasites, fungi, and single-celled organisms called protozoa that live in warm, moist parts of the body, like the genital area, mouth, and throat. Most STDs are spread while having sex, but oral sex can also spread disease. Some STDs are passed from a mother to her child while pregnant, when the disease enters the baby's bloodstream, during childbirth as the baby passes through the birth canal, or after birth, when the baby drinks infected breast milk. AIDS can be transmitted by blood contact such as open wounds, between people who share infected needles or received through an injection of infected blood. Some people believe that STDs can be transmitted through shaking hands or other casual contact, or through contact with inanimate objects such as clothing or toilet seats, but they can’t. Chlamydeous, is from trachoma is bacterium, is the most commonly transmitted STD in the United States.
is estimated that in the US, which had 120,000 cases of AIDS at the end of 1988,