Witchcraft, black magic, and other superstitious activities have been a prodigious mystery in society for thousands of years. People have always questioned whether such activities really exist, even till this date. But, one group of people called the Puritans were strict believers in these types of superstitious activities. The Puritans had a harsher interpretation of the Bible in comparison to the other Christian groups. For the Puritans, their primary duty was towards the church. They believed that nothing was possible without the guidance of the church, which is why they had a theocracy government. However, it was not the most benevolent and just government. Many problems occurred in this government: there was always greed for power, many …show more content…
First, Parris, the minster of Salem, is attached to his post and fears that he will lose his post if any of his family members are proven guilty of witchcraft. This is why Parris resorts to lies in order to hide the truth. For example, when Proctor mentions that Parris discovered Abigail and the girls dancing at night naked then Parris says “I can only say, sir, that I never found any of them naked, and this man is (Miller 105) –“. In the beginning of the story, Parris claimed that he had found the girls dancing naked: “Aye, a dress. And I thought I saw - someone naked running through the trees”, but now he lies in order to hide the truth (Miller 11). But Parris is not the only man who is committing unrighteous deeds, even Hale commits an unrighteous deed at the end of the novel. When Proctor was not confessing that he was the Devil’s man, Hale tries to persuade him into confessing a crime that he did not even commit: . “Let him give his lie (Miller 132).” Before, Hale claimed that “His goal is light, goodness and its preservation” but now he is falling towards the path of darkness because if Proctor lies than his name will be tarnished in society and the society will murder more and more people for such superstitious crimes (Miller 36). Many innocent people such as Rebecca have also been murdered because they were accused
Witchcraft started in Salem, Massachusetts in 1692. Superstition started when women were accused of acting strangely. These superstitions turned into trials, and later lead to mounds of hanged people. Most of the people accused were innocent, but the harsh judge rulings left them with nothing to live for. The only options for the tried, no matter if guilty or not, were to claim guilty, living the rest of their life in prison, or to plead not guilty and hang. Due to both consequences being equally as punishable, many people isolated themselves from society. Unfortunately, some people caused the uprising of the salem witch trials more than others did. In the play The Crucible, by Arthur Miller, Abigail Williams single handedly attributed to the
The superstition of witchcraft started with the teaching of the Bible. The Puritans believed that Satan was present and active. The Salem Witch Trials were driven by the superstition of general paranoia. The fear of witchcraft dove the Puritans to hysteria, causing the Puritans to hang their own citizens.
Throughout the story, Reverend Parris is shown to be on edge when he speaks, often because he is afraid of what others might think, say, or do to him. An example of this is when Parris is speaking with Abigail and says, “But if you trafficked with spirits in the forest I must know it now, for surely my enemies will, and they will ruin me with it” (Page 10, Miller). This shows how Reverend Parris is afraid of what his enemies will do to him and his reputation. On page 14, Parris is shown to again be very frightful, as he says, “They will howl me out of Salem for such corruption in my house” (Page 14, Miller). He jumps to conclusions and assumes the worst that he will be thrown out of Salem, which characterizes him as fearful.
Foremost, Parris is very concerned about his position and power in Salem because he has two afflicted children. His fear of power loss is so great that he fears being thrown from Salem;¨...They will howl me out of Salem for such corruption in my house¨(Miller I. 145). Parris is fearful of his name and power in Salem being taken because of the girls actions. He believes that the people of Salem will throw him out of his home for these sins. Parris is scared that Abigail will speak of witchcraft and blacken his name in Salem as this quote suggest,¨Go directly home and speak nothing of unnatural causes¨(Miller I. 142). Abigail is a lying snitch and Parris fears that she will speak about unholy causes. Parris’ name, if blackened, would surely get him kicked out of the church, and kicked out of Salem.
The Puritans were also very superstitious. They believed that the devil would cause people to do bad things on earth by using the people who worshiped him. Witches sent out their specters and harmed others. Puritans believed by putting heavy chains on a witch, that it would hold down their specter. Puritans also believed that by hanging a witch, all the people the witch cast a spell on would be healed.
Reverend Parris is the character that initiates the hysteria of the Salem witch trials, in a community where authorities wasted no time minding the business of it's citizens, what should have been seen as teen frivolity was blown into one of the ugliest moments in American History. Parris sparks this by firstly acting on his own paranoia, which the reader would find in the introduction 'he believed he was being persecuted where ever he went';, and calling Reverend Hale in an attempt for self-preservation '….if you trafficked with spirits in the forest I must know it now, for surely my enemies will, and they will ruin me with it.'; This statement says a lot about the character of Reverend Parris: a greedy, power hungry man who is more concerned with his own reputation than the souls of his niece and daughter. He always acts on fear, a fear that he will lose his position of power in the community. Parris does not want the trials to end as a fraud because the scandal of having a lying daughter and niece would end his career in Salem.
Reverend Parris and Reverend Hale share this motive because it would save more individuals’ lives in the town and validate that there are witches in Salem. Proctor has a good reputation in the town; therefore, if he were to confess, others would follow his actions. Parris believes John Proctor’s name in the village “...is a weighty name; it will strike the village that Proctor confess. I beg you, let him sign it” (1230). Parris begs Proctor to sign his confession on paper to hang up on the church doors. He knows if the village and others being accused see John’s name signed for confessing, it would validate that there are witches in Salem and that Parris did not call Reverend Hale for nothing. Hale desires Proctor’s signed confession because others being accused of witchcraft would see Proctor’s good name and they will confess along with him. Hale believes the less people who get hanged for being accused of witchcraft, the less guilt he will have to feel for being involved with these trials. Hale still has guilt for the individuals who have already been hanged: “There is blood on my head! Can you not see the blood on my head!” (1224). Hale’s guilt starts to grow on him and he regrets his involvement in the witch trials. He knows he has already committed enough wrong doings, and Proctor’s confession would stop others from being hanged. Reverend Parris and Reverend
In 1692, the occurrence of “witchcraft” began after the Massachusetts Bay Charter revolution and the outbreak of small pox. The rebellion caused hysteria and a sad injustice. Friends were pinned against friends; upstanding citizens were forced to flee for their lives and men and women were put to death (Jurist Legal News and Research Services 2008).The fear of the devil influenced the cruelty that took place. Most of the settlers that established their homes in the colony were puritans, a member of a group of English Protestants who revolted against the Church of England. The belief that God punished sinful behavior with misfortune did not help circumstances. The puritans targeted outcasts, people who never really fit it in; they wanted to rid the towns of these suspected sinners.
In the early years of America, people were mostly unaware of certain things. Sickness, for instance, was an important issue for people didn't know how to manage or cure such complex illnesses. The Puritans, during the colonial times, didn't have much information about certain things. They came to believe that certain unexplainable events were done by a powerful source of evil thus brought about superstitions. The infamous Witch Trials done at Salem, Massachusetts, which spread across the continent, was an example of people's injustice acts in response to superstitions. One of the major cause of the Salem Witchcraft trials was superstition, an "irrational belief or practice resulting from ignorance or fear of the unknown" (www.encyclopedia.com). A lack of scientific knowledge led many people to be convinced that, witches were responsible to the death of an animal or a livestock: John Rogger "testified that upon the threatening words " of Martha Carrier " his cattle would be strangely bewitched."(Mather, p55) John Roger believed on superstitions; thus he proposed that Martha was a witch who was killing his cows. It is easy to see how the people of Salem were so vulnerable to the notion of witches taking over their town. Furthermore Tituba, Reverend Parris's slave, practiced ritual dance and "black magic" in her early years in Africa. She influenced most of the girls in town through her stories. The girls believed on superstitions which overall started the Salem Witch Trials and made it possible for the witch trials to occur for a long duration.
He asked John Proctor if he believed in the people that are being accused are real witches. “Hale: (quietly-it has impressed him) ...It’s said you hold no belief that there may even be witches in the world. Is that true, sir?” (Miller 73). John Proctor can either answer true or false to this question if he answer true than Hale may think he is a witch. If he answers falsely then he will also think he is a witch. No matter what you answer the person can still be right is called a gotcha question. Hale is now doubting his former convictions. “Hale: But it does not follow that everyone accused is part of it,” (Miller 103). Hale is starting to believe that the girls are being hypocrites and is faking the witch-hunt. So far, several women and men went to jail because of the accusations that were being made. Hale now believes John Proctor after he states that he has committed adultery because John Proctor wants to save his name and wouldn’t tell anyone. “Hale: I believe him!...This girl has always struck me false! She has- (Abigail...screams up to the ceiling.)” (Miller 119). He now believes that the witch accusers is all fake and made up so the group of girls can have attention on them. Abigail told them that if they go to the judge and tell them the truth then “...I will come to you in the black of some terrible night and I will bring a pointy reckoning that will shudder you…” (Miller 20). Hale has chosen that Proctor is telling the truth and the group of girls including Mary Warren, who is the Proctor’s servant, is lying about the people in Salem being
Parris is only the part of a whole when it comes to what he embodies-- Parris ultimately embodies the nature of Salem, Although Salem is ruled by God, the events of The Crucible prove otherwise. Throughout the play, characters are either egotistical in their own regard or are shown committing impious acts to safeguard their reputation among Salem residents. This is not a town ruled by God; it is a town ruled by deceptive people who have no remorse for the effects caused by their ruthless
In the play, Puritanism and their beliefs and values ruled Salem. Puritanism are a close community that follow a strict set of rules; there is little freedom for individuals. Individuals who are independent or do not conform to their values are immediately seen as threats to the community. The character of John Proctor is an example of a non-conformist as he believes in justice. Proctor’s sarcastic remark against Reverend Parris: “I like not the smell of this ‘authority,’” highlights his disagreement with Parris’s power and values. The sensory imagery emphasises Proctor’s non-conformist attitude and shows his deviance towards Parris, who is considered the highest power in society as he is the man closest to God. Proctor’s blasphemous exclaim: “I say God is dead!,” is a subversion of the Puritan society and theocratic values. The high modality emphasises his rebellion against Puritanism and emphasises his nonconforming nature. His refusal to conform to the Puritan values ultimately ends in his demise. The ripping of his confession and death symbolises his refusal to conform and his integrity; he does not want to be used to justify the witch hunt and the injustices the court has done. He does not want the other people to be seen as guilty for their crimes, when they weren’t; he does not want to be seen by others as a symbol of falseness
In the play, The Crucible by Arthur Miller, the town of Salem faces a mask of hysteria from the accusations of witchcraft. Reverend Parris, one of the many characters mentioned throughout the play, was a man who did not want his good name to be tarnished. Reverend Parris is known throughout the town as the churchly figure. Most citizens do not like his personality, but they ultimately respect him for his belief in religion. Although many people were hung for the accusations of dealing with witchcraft, Reverend Parris is the most guilty to blame for the events of the Salem Witch Trials, because he was a fearful and terrified religious leader who really didn’t know what he was doing, as well as a selfish and greedy idiot who made quick and irrational decisions for the benefit of himself that non-surprisingly ended up killing tons of innocent people
The lies that are most prominent are the ones that tend to try and create a false delineation of themselves for others. The twist in the story is that if you tell the truth that you “are not a witch”, you die while also gaining freedom because you retain your seat with God and are seen as a martyr. While many are telling the truth about how they are, Proctor has cheated on his wife but has never told anyone for reasons that seem obvious, it’s frowned upon to do so. He has created this beautiful lie because he has created a facade for himself that makes others think highly of him. When he admits to adulterous actions, people now know who he is and are more apt to forgive him for his “sins” because he has come forward with the truth. In this case, the lies that are created are there to create false personas while the truth reveals something about someone that leads them to better understandings with
Throughout the play John Proctor was an honest man, as was his wife, Elizabeth until she was asked to testify against her husband about his affair. One thing that never changed about Proctor throughout the whole play was his willingness to stand for his beliefs. Time after time, he was bombarded with questions about why he didn't regularly attend church or why he didn't have one of his sons baptized. He answered these questions with integrity and questioned the ministry of Parris. No one in the town of Salem had done that before.