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Consumption role in human society
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Moore, J. W. (2007). Silver, ecology, and the origins of the modern world, 1450-1640. Rethinking Environmental History: World-System History and Global Environmental Change, 123-142. In this article, Moore aims to capture the story of how the rise of silver and its integration into the economy in the form of currency can be equated to the simultaneous rise of Capitalism. This took the early form exploitation of European lands establishing a nature-society relationship of domination. Soon afterwards, with the discovery of the America’s the exploitative tendencies of Capitalism spread overseas as well. The drive for capital through the production of silver and other goods was directly responsible for some of the most egregious environmental harm through pollution and deforestation. Silver in a way set the standard for …show more content…
This article tracks the origins of non-sterling American silver flatware to the Spanish dollar, French Crowns, and American dollars and half dollars. This article can help give us an idea of what may have happened to a large portion of reales coins as well as be an interesting look into recycling of material but also the issue of global currency exchange. The use of coinage to make flatware and other products effectively means that basically that currency will be taken out of circulation forever. This also connects with a decline in the silver market within China and the making of flatware from silver coinage was a way to reduce the necessity for storage of surplus silver currency. Lastly, the article then goes into the issue of quality standards of silver and how that was connected to silver as well as flatware. Ultimately, this begs the questions, “Why does the quality of silver matter at all and how does the perceived of a metal like silver shape society's desire? Furthermore, how do these human created valuables relationship with
The global flow of silver effected the mid-sixteenth century to the early eighteenth century economically because silver made the world go round, socially because everyone was dependent on some sort of trade, and politically because silver was a high priority to important world powers. In this document based assignment, it would have been convenient to have a document about the opinion of either a Potosi Indian or a peasant from the commercial city of Hangzhou because both points of view would give further insight into the negative side of this time periods lust for silver, and how the insanity ruined lives.
During the period 1550-1800, the colonization of the Americas by European civilizations led to massive shifts in economic power from the West to East and vice-versa. An increase in global competition among western civilizations and against their asian counterparts drove Europeans to search for wealth elsewhere, and thus colonizing the Americas. One of the easiest ways to generate a profit, increase a civilizations wealth, and ultimately their military power was through the silver trade. In monopolizing said trade, Europe was able to establish a somewhat steady economic connection to the very wealthy Asian civilizations. However, european nations were struggling to keep control of the silver trade out of Asian hands, which caused major shifts
even more luxury products. They knew how to circulate the silver with the goods to get more
This book is complete with some facts, unfounded assumptions, explores Native American gifts to the World and gives that information credence that really happened yet was covered up and even lied about by Euro-centric historians who have never given the Indians credit for any great cultural achievement. From silver and money capitalism to piracy, slavery and the birth of corporations, the food revolution, agricultural technology, the culinary revolution, drugs, architecture and urban planning, our debt to the indigenous peoples of America is tremendous. With indigenous populations, mining the gold and silver made capitalism possible. Working in the mines and mints and in the plantations with the African slaves, they started the industrial revolution that then spread to Europe and around the world. They supplied the cotton, rubber, dyes, and related chemicals that fed this new system of production.
The creation of societies in the West resulted in the blossoming of three new industries: mining, ranching, and farming. Mining began at large with the discovery of gold in California in 1849 and continued with other discoveries and “rushes” later on; these rus...
One critical point that was examined from modern perspective was the impact of mining and oil extraction has on the environment. In Australia, the soils have been leached of nutrients, and is being deposited all over (Diamond, 2005, p 380). Mining and extracting fossil fuels have depleted the land to an extent that is harmful to the environment. The absence of adequate controls over some mining and oil extractions are the cause of sediment, acid drainage, and pollution into the environment (Kaya, 2001). Those environmental issues scratch the surface of why these civilizations failed. Diamond theorized that governmental regulations on environmental practices has allowed for businesses to continue on with their extraction ideals. The issue with businesses and the public is that minerals and resources are becoming a rare commodity, that instead of cutting back, they are accumulating and collecting as much as they can. Both the book and Kaya mention that is the mechanism processes that disrupt the natural order of the environment. The issue with this is that sooner or later the core will be depleted of natural resources and will limit production of what today’s society relies on for
I first read Jared Diamond's Guns, Germs, and Steel in the Fall 2003 based on a recommendation from a friend. Many chapters of the book are truly fascinating, but I had criticisms of the book back then and hold even more now. Chief among these is the preponderance of analysis devoted to Papua New Guinea, as opposed to, say, an explanation of the greatly disparate levels of wealth and development among Eurasian nations. I will therefore attempt to confine this review on the "meat and potatoes" of his book: the dramatic Spanish conquest of the Incas; the impact of continental geography on food production; and finally, the origins of the Eurasian development of guns, germs, and steel. In terms of structure, I will first summarize the book's arguments, then critically assess the book's evidentiary base, and conclude with an analysis of how Guns, Germs, and Steel ultimately helps to address the wealth question.
The first part of the metaphor “Pave the Planet” is a solution that resorts to the globalization movement of using the world’s technological advancements. With this method a capitalist society believes that in order to gain more wealth and success it is necessary for the society to keep using the world’s resources, producing products, and consuming these products. This belief of consistent greed and competition to gain more and more wealth is derived from “the fact that humans are fundamentally self-centered” (79). Although these beliefs and values seem immoral and corrupt, this method has proven quite a success for the global economy in the past. For example, “more goods and services were consumed in the forty years between 1950 and 1990 than by all the previous human generations” (80). ...
Conversion to modern worth: Lawrence H. Officer and Samuel H. Williamson. « Purchasing Power of Money in the United States from 1774 to 2010 » MeasuringWorth. 2011.
Gold has been valued in our cultural history for as long as societies have been able to adopt this valuable metal’s unique properties. Gold is unique in its inherent marvellous glossy shine. Gold is particularly malleable, conducts electricity, doesn’t blemish and blends well with other metals. Because of these exclusive properties, gold creates its ways in our everyday life in many ways or form. Gold has always had remarkable significance, shown by most civilizations as a symbol of wealth and power. Gold has captivated most of cultures around the world and the passion for it brings to the extermination of some cultures and the growth in condition of others. This essay explores the use of gold over time and perception of the cultures that surround by gold.
My family owned and operated a jewelry business for 8 years, since I was 10 years old. I grew up with this store, among the earrings and ornaments, always surrounded by things made from a unique substance called gold. Gold is a well-known element, atomic number 79; of course, everyone knows of its international monetary value. However, gold also has a deeply personal resonance; and upon closer examination, this material provides an emblematic picture of my past, my future, and what I offer Harvard University.
The decision of whether or not the US Mint should coin silver as well as gold, bimetallism, to endorse the free coinage of silver at a ratio of silver to gold of 16 to 1, had been floating around. If this was to be approved this inflationary measure would have increased the amount of currency in circulation making it easier for debtors to pay off their creditors, in other words cash-poor and debt-burdened farmers.
Ecological imperialism is an idea introduced by Alfred Crosby in his seminal work Ecological Imperialism: The Biological Expansion of Europe, 900-1900 which refers to the efforts of colonialists to introduce their animals, plants and even diseases in the native’s land to felicitate their rule. But that concept of Crosby has a renewed interest in postcolonial world especially in light of the growing popularity of capitalism and globalization. Capitalistic and colonialist invasions focus not merely on the subjugation of native but the land in which he lives. This conquest seems to have some ecological aspects. Voluntarily or involuntarily each of these conquests has an adverse impact on the land they conquered. In industrialist and capitalistic societies, such invasions into indigenous communities will result in an erosion of natural resources and deforestation. The new face of ecological imperialism and its impact on postcolonial indigenous communities can be seen in many of the works of postcolonial literature. A focus on Thomas King’s Green Grass Running Water and Leslie Marmon Silko’s Almanac of the Dead hopes to reveal the complex fabrics of relations between the oppressed land and its inhabitants.
Gold, nothing can compare to this precious metal. A symbol of wealth and prosperity, it has been a value for explorers and adventurers and a lure for conquerors. Today it is vital to commerce and finance; popular in ornamentation, and increasing importance in technology.
Stone Age Economics. London: Tavistock University Press, Inc.