Sudden Infant Death Syndrome

1395 Words3 Pages
bulb-icon

Recommended: An essay on sudden infant death syndrome

Sudden Infant Death Syndrome

Sudden infant death syndrome (SIDS) is the most frequent cause of death between 1 month and 1 year of age (Naeye). SIDS is defined as the sudden death of any infant or young child that is unexpected by it’s history, and in which a thorough postmortem examination fails to determine an adequate cause (Hunt 1987). It is important to consider both aspects of this definition in order not to ‘overdiagnose’ SIDS. A mistake of this nature would occur with failure to report a previous history of seizures, or if at the time of the autopsy a differentiation between suffocation due to rebreathing and SIDS was not made (Kemp 1993). One of the major characteristics of SIDS is that of ‘silent death’, which occurs during a sleep period. The majority of SIDS cases are between 1-6 months, with the peak occurrence being between 2-4 months. Boys are affected more often than girls (Becker, 1990).

Although there are many theories in regards to the cause of SIDS, the principle cause has not as yet been identified. Most researchers attribute the underlying mechanism of death to acute respiratory insufficiency occurring predominantly during sleep. Due to the lack of evidence of lung or heart abnormalities, recent studies have focused on the theory of a dysfunction of the neural control of respiration and cardiac function (Becker, 1990). There are currently several branches in this area of research. In this paper I will introduce the involvement and validity of brainstem abnormalities, neurotransmitters, and neural maturational delays.

During infancy (2-8 months), respiratory control is almost entirely dependent on brain stem control (Naeye). Due to the fact that this is also the peak time for SIDS, the hypothesis ...

... middle of paper ...

...nfant Death Syndrome 1987 Perspective. The Journal of Pediatrics. May 1987; 110(5): 669-678.

Kemp, J. S. et al. Unintentional Suffocation by Rebreathing: A Death Scene and Physiologic Investigation of a Possible Cause of Sudden Infant Death. Journal of Pediatrics. 1993;122:874-880.

Kinney, H. C. Delayed Central Nervous System Mvelination in the Sudden Infant Death Syndrome. Journal of Neuropathology and Experimental Neurology. January 1991; 50(1):29-48.

Kopp, N. et al. Ontogeny of Peptides in Human Hypothalamus in Relation to Sudden Infant Death Syndrome (SIDS. Progress in Brain Research. 1992;93: 167-185.

Lagercrantz, H. and M. Runold. Hypoxemia and Neuropharmacoloay of Breathing. Marcel Dekker, Inc. 1991.

Naeye, R. L. New Brain Stem and Bone Marrow Abnormalities in Victims of Sudden Infant Death Syndrome. Journal of Perinatology. 9(2):180-183.

Show More
Related

  • Kendrick Johnson Case Study

    83 Words  | 1 Pages

    Another case is that of 17-year-old Kendrick Johnson whose death was initially ruled the result of accidental suffocation. A second autopsy produced a different conclusion, but when the second autopsy was performed, his body had been stuffed with newspaper, and his organs were missing ("Organ Trafficking, Melanin Theory & the Fountain of Youth -," n.d.). The brain, heart, lungs and liver were missing. He also discovered Johnson's death was due to blunt force trauma to the right side of his neck (Archer,

    Read More

  • Abortion Essay - Roe v. Wade and Morality

    947 Words  | 2 Pages

    Reinis, Stanislaw, and Jerome M. Goldman. The Development of the Brain. Springfield, IL: Charles C. Thomas Publishers, 1980. Rockwell, P.E., M.D., M.Sc., M.Sc. Director of Anesthesiology, Leonard Hospital, Troy, NY, U.S. Supreme Court, Markle v. Abele, 72-56, 72-730, 1972.

    Read More

  • Future of Ethanol Mandates

    1081 Words  | 3 Pages

    Cellulosic ethanol will not be able to meet its mandated output because in the past four years since demonstration and pilot sites started popping up it has only just started t...

    Read More

  • The Case for Co-Sleeping with Your Baby

    935 Words  | 2 Pages

    We know babies die from SIDS and they have been looking high and low for a cause. Everyone seems to want a neat and tidy answer to what has happened to these babies, and I understand why. I believe co-sleeping has been given a bad reputation because people need something to blame and not based on actual scientific evidence. Dr. William Sears suggests that, “In those infants at risk for SIDS, natural mothering [unrestricted breastfeeding and sharing sleep with baby] will lower the risk of SIDS” (Sears, "Cosleeping and Biological Imperatives").... ...

    Read More

  • Coca Cola Has Come a Long Way

    719 Words  | 2 Pages

    The history of Coca Cola began in 1886 and it was founded by Atlanta pharmacist, Dr. John S. Pemberton the curiosity led him to create a distinctive tasting soft drink that could be sold at soda fountains. The first servings of Coca – Cola were sold for 5 cents for a glass. During the first year, sales were a meek nine portions per day in Atlanta. Today, daily servings of Coca Cola beverages are estimated at 1.9 billion globally. In 1886 he sold to Atlanta businessman, Asa G. Candler. Under the leadership of Mr. Candler’s the distribution of Coca – Cola expanded to soda fountains. In 1894, overwhelmed by the growing demand for Coca Cola and the desire to make the drink movable, Joseph Biedenharn fixed bottling machinery in the rear of his Mississippi beverage fountain, becoming the first to place Coca Cola in bottles. Considered an innovative tactic back in 1887, it was followed by newspaper publicity and the distribution of promotional items bearing the Coca Cola script to participating pharmacies. One of the most famous advertising slogans in Coca Cola history “The Pause That Refreshes” first appeared in the Saturday Evening Post in 1929. In 2009, the “Open Happiness” campaign was unveiled globally. The central message of “Open Happiness” is an invitation to billions around the world to recess, revive with a Coca Cola, and continue to enjoy one of life’s simple pleasures.

    Read More

  • Neonatal Abstinence Syndrome

    1761 Words  | 4 Pages

    This paper will then explain the types of physical symptoms associated with NAS in the full-term and premature infant. It discusses the different classes of drugs and the unique symptoms newborns experience with each. Furthermore, it discusses the long-term cognitive and behavioral effects that newborns can experience as they grow. In addition, this paper discusses how Neonatal Abstinence Syndrome is diagnosed and the how the Finnegan neonatal scoring system is used to help physicians determine the severity of NAS in each newborn. Lastly, this paper explains the treatment for NAS and the important role of the nurse when caring for a newborn with Neonatal Abstinence Syndrome.

    Read More

  • The Health Care System in the United States

    2533 Words  | 6 Pages

    The health care system in the United States is one of the most complex forms of healthcare system. What makes the system complex is that there are multiple factors involved. For example, there are multiple players and payers involved in the system. This includes physicians, administrator of health services institutions, insurance companies, large employers and lastly the Government Shi & Singh, 2012). Each of these players and payers are involved to protect their own economic interest. Hospitals for instances, wants to maximize reimbursement from both private and public insurers. Insurance companies and managed care organizations are concerned with how they can maintain their share of the health care insurance market, while physicians seek to maximize their income and have minimal interference with the way they practice medicine (Shi & Singh, 2012). It is obvious that there is no centrality of the health care system. In other words, there is no one department or in particular government body that is unilaterally in charge of the administration of the health care system as it is in the other developed nations where they have a single payer system, which is the government. Instead, the U. S. has health system that is financed by private sectors. According to Shi and Singh,(2012), 54% of total health care expenditures is privately financed through employers , while the remaining 46% is financed by the government. Lack of centrality in monitoring the total expenditures through global budgets or control over the availability and utilization of services coupled with most hospitals and clinics now been privately owned may potential...

    Read More

  • The Rising Cost of Health Care

    563 Words  | 2 Pages

    Rising medical costs are a worldwide problem, but nowhere are they higher than in the U.S. Although Americans with good health insurance coverage may get the best medical treatment in the world, the health of the average American, as measured by life expectancy and infant mortality, is below the average of other major industrial countries. Inefficiency, fraud and the expense of malpractice suits are often blamed for high U.S. costs, but the major reason is overinvestment in technology and personnel.

    Read More

  • Ethanol and Gas Prices

    886 Words  | 2 Pages

    The problem today is the gas companies make too much on their products. Shell's profits jumped enormously in only three months. The Company announced an 80% jump in earnings for the last three months, to $3.25 billion (Shell Posts Record Profits). Ethanol would allow these profits to go straight to

    Read More

  • An Analysis Of Coca Cola

    1851 Words  | 4 Pages

    Coca Cola has been around for over a century. The refreshing beverage has become a staple in American culture with its very convincing ads. From its famous hilltop commercial by sending positive message of diversity to being a helping hand with World War 2 by adding political views on their ads to convince the public to help out. During the country’s economic hit from the great depression, their ads still convinced the viewers to buy their products. The company even created a character that will forever become a part of American culture. Aside from creating a piece of Americana, Coca Cola ads are an influence to the younger audience by incorporating celebrities and famous artists that are popular to draw in the viewer. Also by creating ads

    Read More

  • Analysis of the Coca Cola Company

    4605 Words  | 10 Pages

    History "Coca-Cola enterprises Incorporated, employees 66,199 operates, 444 facilities, 47,235 vehicles, 1.9 million pieces of cold drink equipment and sold 3.8billion unit cases in 46 states in the united states, all 10 provinces of Canada and portions of Europe including Belgium, France, Great Britain, Luxembourg and the Netherlands" (Coca-Cola facts 99). An, Atlanta Pharmacist Dr. John Slyth Pemberton founded Coca-Cola on May 8, 1886. The carmel colored ingredients, Coca leaves and kola nuts. Later the drink was striped of narcotics. The drink was first designed as a drug that will help people feel better. Pemberton sold his new drink for 5 cents a glass. Some time later carbonated water was added to the syrup and that is how Coca-Cola was invented. Dr. Pemberton sold Coca-Cola out of the pharmacy he worked at. The pharmacy was owned by, a man named Frank M. Robinson. Robinson suggested "Coca-Cola" as a name for Pemberton's drink. The two men took an old oilcloth sing and hung it in the window saying "Drink Coca-Cola". They averaged nine glasses sold a day. In 1886 Pemberton became sick he sold some of his portions of his interest too Asa G. Candler. In 1888 Pemberton died, and Asa Candler began buying all the out standing shares of Coca-Cola. Candler was and Atlanta druggist and businessman. Candler knew Coke was going to be something big. He then had complete control by 1891 for $2,300. In 1892, Candler and his brother John Candler, Frank Robinson and two other associates formed "Coca-Cola Company" in Georgia. Candler was a master at marketing. He handed out coupons for one free glass of Coca-Cola. He also promoted the beverage by painted walls, Clocks, outdoor posters, serving trays and fountain urns. Candler marketing stragety worked Coke was available everywhere. The sales took off. People started calling Coca-Cola "Coke" They urged the customers to call it by its full name, but "Coke" just stuck. "In 1894, the company opened its first syrup manufacturing plant outside Atlanta in Dallas Texas. The following year plants opened in Chicago and Los Angeles. Three years after the Coca-Cola Company's incorporation Candler announced in the annual report: "Coca-Cola in the now drunk in every state and territory in the United States" (History of Coca-Cola Company). Joseph A. Biedenharn, of Vicksburg, Mississippi installed ...

    Read More

  • Advertising History of Coca Cola

    1270 Words  | 3 Pages

    Back then, Coca Cola was a nerve tonic. Yet, Coca Cola is the most popular soft drink of our time, how could this be? Well, you shall soon find out since the origins, until the current times. You will be taught how “Pemberton’s French Wine Coca” also known today as Coca Cola, became so popular and many fats you may have never heard of before! This phenomenon started in 1884..

    Read More

  • The Rise of Coca-Cola

    1078 Words  | 3 Pages

    ...ll different cultures drank Coca-Cola during social gatherings and special events. It was used as a sign of freedom and equality, and as an offering of respect and peace. It was common for people to sit down to get to know each other while drinking a glass of Coca-Cola. Coca-Cola has become the number one company in the world and has become the most popular soft drink ever. It has spread to over 200 countries and billions of servings of coke are served each day.

    Read More

  • Italian Culture

    674 Words  | 2 Pages

    Italy has come a long way from the gladiator battles and has shifted it’s focused to preserving it’s culture in art and religion. Italy is also home to some of the most beautiful custom glass blowing in the world. Off the coast of the Venice, Italy there is the island of Murano where the Murano Glass Factory is located that is home to the artisans that use

    Read More

  • Soft Drinks Essay

    861 Words  | 2 Pages

    Coca Cola is now available in all the continents of the world and recognized by most of the world's population. In the beverage industry, global Coca Cola has an important role. Asa Griggs Candle had transformed people to the new image of Coca Cola. His success to make the consumers understands “Coke medication” is a delicious fresh drink. In 1886, Coca Cola was first introduced to the public in Atlanta, Georgia and it really attracted the attention of most people, who enjoyed the great aroma and attractiveness of Coke. Later on, Coca Cola soft drink became a global celebrity. Coca Cola was attractive...

    Read More

More about Sudden Infant Death Syndrome

Open Document