Introduction/aim Recently stroke in young people who had been considered to have a lower risk of stroke has been reported and the number is increasing. Atrial fibrillation (AF) is known as a major risk of stroke and anticoagulation therapy is recommended. Particularly non-valvular AF (NVAF) patients can be treated with direct oral anticoagulants (DOACs) recently approved. It is reported that clinical introduction of DOACs were advancing, and factors affected on DOACs prescription were studied using everyday practice data in other countries. Although several registry are beginning to be conducted, there is no study focused on anticoagulant therapy in everyday clinical practice which consisted with physician office in Japan. Furthermore, there
Ischemic Stroke is caused due to a blood clot in an area of the brain, leading to loss of neural function if last for more than 24 hours. In the United States, ischemic stroke affects 2.7% of men and 2.5% of women of age range 18 years and older. In addition, it has reported that annually about 610,000 and 185,000 of new strokes and recurrent strokes cases occur in US1. Moreover, it has reported that patients who have suffered from a stroke have more chances of recurrent stroke, Myocardial infarction, and death from vascular causes2. One of the risk factor of ischemic stroke is formation of plaque in the blood vessels causing blood clot3. Several randomized trials have also reported that antiplatelet medications are efficient in preventing recurrences of stroke in patients who had an incident of ischemic stroke. Antiplatelet medications for preventing recurrences of stroke are aspirin, combination of aspirin and extended-release dipyridamole, and clopidogrel alone4. It ha...
Stroke occurs when the blood supply to the brain is blocked or condensed. Blood works to transport oxygen and other beneficial substances to the body’s cells and organs, as well as the brain. There are two main types of strokes that are known as Ischemic strokes and Hemorrhagic strokes. When the blood vessels that provides for the brain becomes congested, is it referred to as ischemic stroke, the most common stroke within adults. Blood clots, a cluster of blood that sticks together, are the cause of Ischemic strokes. Ischemic strokes also takes place when arteries become backed up with plague, leaving less blood to flow. Plague is cholesterol, calcium and fibrous and connective tissue that sticks to the walls of blood vessels. Ischemic strokes eternally damage the brain and cause a person's body to no longer function habitually.Some risk factors that may increase stroke are high cholesterol, diabetes, high blood pressure, and obesity. Some stroke factors are also due to old age or having a family that has a history of strokes. Men are more likely to have a stroke but the most st...
Atrial fibrillation (AF) is a cardiac arrhythmia. It is the most common arrhythmia and it has implications for patients and anaesthetists alike. The anaesthetist must take into consideration the physiological and pharmacological implications of this common arrhythmia.
"Aspirin for Reducing Your Risk of Heart Attack and Stroke: Know the Facts." Fda.gov. U.S. Food
Other than atrial fibrillation and atrial flutter, this is the most common supraventricular tachycardia seen in practice.11 A large minority of adults (up to 40% in some cohorts) are born with 2 pathways that can conduct electricity in the AV node, rather than 1. Under the right conditions, AV node reentrant tachycardia (AVNRT) can be initiated by a premature atrial or ventricular beat. If the 2 pathways are able to sustain a stable circuit, the atrium and the ventricle are depolarized almost simultaneously. As a result, on the ECG, the P wave is not seen, is buried in the QRS complex, or is seen at the terminal portion of the QRS, typically as a pseudo-s (negative) wave in the inferior leads or a pseudo-r0 in lead V1. Because this tachyarrhythmia depends on the AV node, both vagal maneuvers and adenosine are potential acute treatment options. In the outpatient setting, if the patient is in a sustained supraventricular tachycardia, attempting vagal maneuvers
... J. (2009). Heart disease and stroke statistics--2010 updated: a report from the American Heart Association. Journal of the American Heart Association. doi:10.1161/CIRCULATIONAHA.109.192667
“Time is brain” is the repeated catch phrase when addressing the treatment and management of stroke (Saver, 2006). Access to prompt and appropriate medical care during the first few hours of stroke onset is critical to patient survival and outcomes. Recent changes in the guidelines for acute stroke care released by the American Heart Association (AHA) and the American Stroke Association (ASA) have improved patient access to treatment. Stroke treatment now follows the model of myocardial infarction treatment. Hospitals are categorized into four levels based on stroke treatment capability. The most specialized treatment is available in comprehensive stroke centers followed by primary stroke centers, acute stroke-ready hospitals, and community hospitals. The use of telemedicine now enables even community hospitals, with limited specialized capabilities, to care for stroke patients. Telemedicine puts emergency hospital personnel in contact with neurologists providing expertise in the evaluation of a stroke patient and determination of their eligibility for treatment with thrombolytic medication (Jefferey, 2013).
The rate of atrial fibrillation is 10-15% among patients who have AMIs. The presence of atrial fibrillation during an AMI is associated with an increased risk of mortality and stroke, particularly in patients who have anterior-wall MI (Ashok et al. 2011).
Arrhythmia I am doing my report on Arrhythmia. It affects the cardiac muscle, the heart. Arrhythmia causes three types of problems. It causes the heart to pump too slowly (bradycardia), it causes the heart to pump too fast (tachycardis), and it causes the heart to skip beats (palipations).
Cardiac dysrhythmias come in different degrees of severity. There are heart conditions that you are able to live with and manage on a daily basis and those that require immediate attention. Atrial Fibrillation is one of the more frequently seen types of dysrhythmias (NIH, 2011). The best way to diagnosis a heart condition is by reading a cardiac strip (Ignatavicius &Workman, 2013). Cardiac strips play an chief part in the nursing world allowing the nurse and other trained medical professionals to interpret what the heart is doing. In a normal strip, one can clearly identify a P wave before every QRS complex, which is then followed by a T wave; in Atrial Fibrillation, the Sinoatrial node fires irregularly causing there to be no clear P wave and an irregular QRS complex (Ignatavicius & Workman, 2013). Basically, it means that the atria, the upper chambers of the heart, are contracting too quickly and no clear P wave is identified because of this ‘fibrillation’ (Ignatavicius & Workman, 2013).
The main aim of this report is to present and analyse the disease called Cerebrovascular Accident popularly known as stroke. This disease affects the cerebrovascular system, which is a part of the cardiovascular system. To achieve this aim this report will firstly talk about the cerebrovascular system with its structure and functions. The main body of this report will look at causes, symptoms, diagnosis, treatments and prevention of stroke.
Introduction The term ‘cardiovascular disease’ (CVD) is inclusive of all conditions that affect the heart and blood vessels, including myocardial infractions, strokes and coronary heart disease. Currently, CVD is the leading cause of death globally and claims one Australian every 12 minutes (1). Several factors that increase the risk of developing CVD have been identified including age, diet, genetic background and lifestyle habits (2). It is currently estimated that over 90% of Australians have at least one risk factors and 25% have three or more (1).
Stroke is a serious medical condition that affects people of all ages specifically older adults. People suffer from a stroke when there is decreased blood flow to the brain. Blood supply decreases due to a blockage or a rupture of a blood vessel which then leads to brain tissues dying. The two types of stroke are ischemic stroke and hemorrhagic stroke. An ischemic stroke is caused by a blood clot blocking the artery that brings oxygenated blood to the brain. On the other hand, a hemorrhagic stroke is when an artery in the brain leaks or ruptures (“About Stroke,” 2013). According to the Centers for Disease Control and Prevention (CDC), “Stroke is the fourth leading cause of death in the United States and is a major cause of adult disability” (“About Stroke,” 2013). Stroke causes a number of disabilities and also leads to decreased mobility in over half of the victims that are 65 and older. The CDC lists several risk factors of stroke such as heredity, age, gender and ethnicity as well as medical conditions such as high blood pressure, high cholesterol, diabetes and excessive weight gain that in...
Stroke is the leading cause of disability in adults (Morris, van Wijck, Joice, & Donaghy, 2013). A stroke is caused by blood loss to the brain due to a clot or ruptured vessel. Most stroke victims suffer from hemiparesis: partial or full loss of voluntary movement on one side of the body (Pereira et al., 2012). Paresis is the most common motor impairment caused by stroke. Paresis can range from mild to severe and occurs contralateral to the side of the infarct on the brain. Mild paresis results in movements that can appear to be normal or near normal. Severe paresis can result in little to no movement in the affected limb (Lang, Bland, Bailey, Schaefer, & Birkenmeier, 2013).
Throughout the first seven weeks of Medical Terminology we have learned a lot about numerous different systems of the body. This included systems such as the gastrointestinal, respiratory, cardiovascular, blood and lymphatic, integumentary, skeletal, and muscular systems. When learning about those systems, we have learned the anatomy and physiology along with diseases. The disease called fibrillation was the topic of interest. The anatomy of this disease, signs and symptoms, and treatments were studied and learned about.