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Essays on stoics
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Stoicism is a perspective, philosophy, and practice that encourages a more peaceful and content life, free from material and physical wealth. While Stoicism is still practiced today, it began as a philosophy conceived in ancient Greece. To some, ancient Stoic ideas may seem outdated and old fashioned today, but many of them are still applicable in our daily lives and help us address the many challenges we face as humans. There are many pros to Stoicism – it encourages human responsibility, helps in dealing with life issues, and aids in leadership and self control. However, in almost everything, there are also a few cons – a lack of drive/empathy, breakdown of morality, mental and physical exhaustion – just to name a few. Some say Stoics are pessimistic and insensitive, while others imply that they are calm and stable people. However, before we explore the advantages and disadvantages of this controversial way of living, lets delve deeper into the actual definition of stoicism.
For those who don’t know, you may be asking yourself, “What is Stoicism?” A Stoic is someone who is impassive to pleasure or pain and believes everything that happens is simply fate. It is also believed that a stoic is someone who can experience pain and hardship without displaying their feelings and emotions. The word ‘stoic’ comes from the Greek word ‘stoa’ meaning column. Stoicism is a school of Hellenistic philosophy founded in Athens by Zeno of Citium in 308 BC. Stoicism is divided into three parts: logic, physics, and ethics. Stoics live their life with an impassive approach, demonstrating self-control and detachment from distracting emotions. Practicing stoics master their passions and emotions with the intention of living a life of virtue, wisdom, ...
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...s of depression and emptiness may ensue, which often leads to isolation and becoming fond of being in the cold, dark, endlessness of space.
There are many pros to Stoicism – it helps defend against the temptation and sin that surrounds us everyday and keeps us away from a life of gluttonous pleasure and materialism. However, there are also a few cons – stoics tend to be emotionally withdrawn and unexpressive, often living in exhaustion and depression. They can be unapproachable and are very deep individuals. However, they aren’t horrible people. In fact, they live their lives refraining from the pleasures of life and lives life simply and modestly as they are more focused on living a life of virtue and wisdom. While it may appear that Stoics are devoid of all feelings, they have merely detached themselves in a fairly hasty manner from the pain and pleasure of life.
Epictetus’s philosophy followed Stoicism, which is a train of thinking that became a major body of thought in ancient Rome. It basically follows thoughts of universal law, fearlessness of death, an independent mind, and restraint in emotions and life. Epictetus covers all of these things in the handbook.
“For it is in your power,” says Marcus Aurelius in the Meditation “to retire into yourself whenever you choose”. Struggling to live the virtuous life according to Stoic philosophy, the roman emperor wrote in his private Meditations about the Good, the Bad and the Indifferent. In order to avert angst over the Indifferent –those things that are by nature uncontrollable-, Aurelius practiced the stoic virtue of ¬autarkeia or mental independence of all things. In light of this, the following essay will explain Boethius notion of self-sufficiency in Consolation of Philosophy in relation to Hellenistic philosophy.
A Roman hero is one who not only displays great pietas, but also acts in accordance with stoic beliefs. To be pious is to show great devotion to the duty of one’s family, the gods, as well as fate. Stoicism is the belief that one should act according to reason rather than personal desires, submitting oneself to the fate predetermined by the gods. In both pietas and stoicism, actions are performed in order to satisfy the needs of the greater good. Dissociating oneself from emotions allows the individual to pursue a state of ataraxia, emancipation from the torment induced by emotions. By adhering to stoic principles, one will not be moved by their passions, allowing for a full investment in one’s pietas. Aeneas...
People are often stuck in a hardship due to desires and freedom actually is fate in this country. Living freely and happily has a matristic view in this society, so many people end up suffering. When you can aspire to live with an open mind, a kind heart, and desire less in materials, you can start to live a free happy life. You start to value what is important in life which is relationships with people, spending your time wisely on things that can benefit you or make you happy. What is not relatable to me is Epicureanism. When you do not work, you do not receive in this society. I do not see how Epicurus was able to eat or obtain any material goods like a hammock if he laid around all day with no responsibilities and did whatever he desired. I don’t see his methods having an overall positive outlook for the rest of his life. In this society Epicurus would not get far, and he would probably be
Stoicism was a group of philosophers in the First Century who made laws that they thought should be followed by the citizens of Rome. Two of these laws were the concepts of rationality and nature. Marcus Aurelius was the Emperor of Rome at the time and he also the most known Stoic. His concepts were vital to the survival of the Stoics.
In the approximate year of 320 B.C., one could be walking down the street with a high probability of passing a house where several men would be gathered out on the porch. It is likely that this was a gathering of individuals discussing philosophy. The gatherings became a more common occurrence, and since they would take place out on the porches, the school of philosophy derived from them takes its name from the Greek stoa, or porch. The ideology of that movement is henceforth known as Stoicism. Also, the Stoics have come to use the statement made by Socrates as the cornerstone of their judgments, being that "no harm can come to a good man." However, this concept is taken a bit further by the Stoics, as they deduce it to symbolize the eventually complete rejection of worldly things. These things they also deem "things which cannot be controlled."
For the majority of the population, spending an extensive amount of time without human contact is something that isn’t even dreamed about. However, for a select few, they had to live in this isolation for prolonged periods of time. The only way to get an idea of what it is like to live in this extreme isolation is through reading, hearing or watching the accounts of someone’s first hand experience. Some people who provide this insight for us are: Steven Callahan through his memoir, Adrift, Robert Zemeckis through the movie he directed, Cast Away, and Michael Bond’s article, “How Extreme Isolation Warps the Mind”. Through each of these works, it shows the effects that their extreme isolation makes on them. For the most part, the effects of this are negative, and ended up changing their mental state. Through the works
The Stoic philosopher Epictetus is one such philosopher. In The Enchiridion he outlined how to live a good life as a stoic. Anything that is not one's own action is out of their control and should be ignored. He lists "Body, property, reputation, and command" as examples.1 He claims they are weak, and do not belong to us. Trying to control them will lead to unhappiness. On the other hand, he believes if you recognize that external things belonging to others, and internal things as yours you will be much better off.2 To Epictetus, proper way to live is to let things come to you, while being reserved. To illustrate this, he uses the example of a dinner party, where you should not reach across the table and take things. Instead you wait till they come to you.3
As a worldview, Stoicism is a philosophical approach to help people to cope with times of great stress and troubles. In order to give comfort to humanity, the Stoics agree with the Pantheistic view that God and nature are not separate. Instead, the two forces are one. By believing that God is nature, humans have a sense of security because nature, like God, is recognized as rational and perfect. The perfection of nature is explained through the Divine, or natural, Law. This law gives everything in nature a predetermined plan that defines the future based on past evens (cause and effect). Because the goal for everything in nature is to fulfill its plan, the reason for all that happens in nature is because it is a part of the plan. It is apparent that, because this law is of God, it must be good. The Divine Law is also universal. Everything on the planet has a plan that has already been determined. There are no exceptions or limitations to the natural law. The world in the Stoics’ eyes is flawless, equal, and rational.
Epictetus was a philosopher that was born in 50 C.E.and died in 130 C.E., Epictetus was famous for his strong belief in self discipline. Unlike fellow philosopher Epicurus Epictetus does not believe that matter is the most important thing in the universe and that people should try to fulfill their pleasures. Epictetus believes that the most important thing in the universe is God. He believes that people should live their entire lives understanding where they stand in the cosmic universe. As stated in the book Great Traditions In Ethics Epictetus believes “That we are first to learn that there is a god; and that his providence directs the whole” (Denise, White, &
In this piece of writing Letter to Menoeceus, Epicurus highly emphasized on the importance of philosophy and happiness. To begin with, he encouraged people of all ages, whether young or old, to study philosophy in order to develop better understanding of what desires to fulfill. By philosophy, Epicurus meant a state of mind, based on a realistic worldview that, if its implications were understood, would free people’s minds from superstitious fear and moral anxiety. As he wrote in the letter, “Let no one be slow to seek wisdom when he is young nor weary in search of it when he has grown old. For no age is too early or too late for the health of the soul”. Correspondingly, Epicurus based his philosophy on the idea pleasure. He was a hedonist
Epicurus’s idea about happiness being just the absences of pain is false. I think happiness involves much more than just a lack of pain. Happiness is more than just a neutral feeling that someone has. Nozick belief of happiness involves a sort of positivity. Nozick talked about how “a happy disposition, in other words-is far more likely to result in continuing feelings of happiness”(114). The happiness that he discusses here is positive and is about feeling good. I believe that happiness does involve positive feelings
Epicureanism is a philosophy developed the teachings and ideals of a man named Epicurus. Epicureanism is defined by Epicurus as the pleasure for the end of all morality and that real pleasure is attained through a life of prudence, honor, and justice. Epicurus introduced this philosophy around 322 B.C, and two schools established in Athens. Epicurus taught the ethics of his philosophy in his school, that a person should live by “the art of making life happy”, and that “prudence is the noblest part of philosophy”(newadvent.org). Epicurus ideals for life intrigued people and they began to think that perhaps the ethics of Epicureanism had some truth behind it; a person should live his/her life to the fullest in order to become happy. Epicurus also made judgments on theology, logic and psychology. Throughout the life of Epicurus and his teachings of Epicureanism, the people of Greece and the world widened their view of life as a result of Epicurus teachings. Epicureanism provided a great out-look on what life should be.
In the philosophy of stoicism, virtue is the only ultimate good. Other things, such as health and riches are "indifferents": Sellars (2006) described how according to the Stoics, these things "are not necessary for a happy life" (p. 113). Stoic ideas appear fairly often in Montaigne's "On the Inequality There is Between Us" essay. To begin with, Montaigne (1987) wrote that a man "may have a great suite of attendants, a beautiful palace, great influence and a large income: all that may surround him but it is not in him" (p. 289). This is a stoic idea since it emphasizes how externals like wealth are not extremely important, instead just an external that is not the greatest good for our being. Similarly, when Montaigne (1987) said that even if
... and it does make sense. Stoics believed that by mastering their thoughts they could master their feelings. Aurelius gave the example of a man being hurt into an involuntary loss of control by injustice. Then on the other side a man’s desires move him to do wrong of his own volition. Both are emotions and as a stoic you control your feelings to achieve happiness, thus it contradicts itself.