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Baker, P.B., & Digiovanni, L.W. (2005). Narratives on culturally relevant pedagogy: Personal
responses to the standardized curriculum. Current Issues in Education, 8(22). Retrieved from http://cie.asu.edu/ojs/index.php/cieatasu/article/view/1611
The authors write about their views on standardized curriculum, and “through the use of narratives, [they have found] culturally relevant ways of applying curriculum to previous knowledge,” (p. 1). Baker and Digiovanni break down the issues that are being caused by the growing discharge of standardized curriculum such as the “decline of multicultural education,” (p. 1). This is one of the stronger points I will be including into my paper. They mention how standardized curriculum limits not only teachers, but more importantly, the students as well. With growing non-white populations, the authors discuss the harm that will continue to affect students, and end with solutions that include more than just awareness.
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They outline the publication well and continue throughout the text to inform readers how to work around the “script” educators are given and are not to stray away from to be able to meet the needs of the students, while maintaining a culturally relevant pedagogy. They incorporate studies from authors we have looked at in class as well with powerful quotes that fit into the text well like, “Good intentions and awareness are not enough to bring about the changes needed in educational programs,” (Geneva Gay,
Gloria Ladson-Billings supports this idea in her essay titled “’Yes, But How Do We Do it?’ Practicing Culturally Relevant Pedagogy” and also expands upon its importance by adding the insight of how teachers think about the social contexts, the students, the curriculum, and about instruction, all impact the students because how teachers regard these contexts gets woven into their pedagogy, which creates the very classrooms for learning. If I had to identify with one of the authors, I would identify more with Curtis Linton, who is white and grew up in a predominantly homogenous community (Park Ridge, Illinois).
Initially, in paragraphs 1-3, the author illustrates the story and death of Mr. K, a former teacher of the author who was extremely strict. By providing this story, the author expresses a personal connection to traditional teaching, attributing their own success to these methods. In addition to the aforementioned personal connection, the author later expresses in paragraph 4 that both the author and the educators of America need to help “our students”. By using the term “our students”, the author conveys a personal connection to the current students’ performance. Later, in paragraph 8, the author displays strong conviction when referring to the points made in the argument as “a battle cry inspired by my old teacher and buttressed by new research.” Moreover, the author expresses more confidence in Mr. K’s teachings, stating in the last paragraph that Mr. K’s results are a “lesson we can all learn from,” In addition to an apparent personal link to the content of the article, the author also utilizes their academic background, having attended Yale and worked for popular news outlets, to conduct research to properly support the arguments with factual evidence. Throughout the article, Lipman repeatedly cites research from respected sources such as psychologists, the U.S. Department of Education, and colleges to directly reinforce the idea of the
The Hidden Curriculum, its something not talked about but so ever present in our school systems and society. In the same way, we have whiteness, it is something that is not talked about, but is also all around us. The connection between the two is so great. Whiteness has a great affect of the hidden curriculum in all schools, meaning that Whiteness, in turn, has a great effect in all Black schooling and the only path for students of color’s success is to adopt this culture of whiteness. Why are Black students punished more than white students, why is this true even with Black teachers? Blackness is under attack in Black schools by Black authority. This essay will examine why and how socialization of whiteness is all Black schooling occurs.
Geneva Gay (2002) combines these two concepts of sociocultural consciousness and culturally responsive teaching in Restructuring Attitudes and Beliefs. Gay refers to culturally responsive teaching as a way of addressing “universal marginality, powerlessness, and disadvantages” within the classroom by taking a critical view of the curriculum (p.1). Culturally responsive teaching starts with the teacher’s identity and an awareness of their own ideologies and theories that influence how they act as a median between the student and curriculum. Similar to understanding their own identity, the sociocultural consciousness is how the teacher views the students’ identities in their community. Gay explains these relationship by saying, ”teachers’ instructional behaviors are strongly influenced by their attitudes and beliefs about various dimensions of student diversity” (p.3). The historical context of the community allows the teacher to use their individual students’ background as resources for scaffolding entire class’s curriculum and help meet the needs of the individual students. Assuming the role of public education is to act as an equalizer, culturally responsive teaching is a means of creating
Standardized testing was once a good idea, to test the students’ capabilities and to see how they compare with other districts, but teachers teach using different methods and focus on different issues. What they think is important may not be what other teachers feel is important or what the state thinks is important. So, as a student you learn more about what the teacher deems important, but are evaluated on by what the state thinks is important. Standardized tests are not a reliable way to evaluate someone’s intelligence. This brings us back to what the students were taught in class and how it has been assimilated. Curriculum is said to be affected by the standardized test. Some critics say, “That teachers are going to teach what will be covered on the test and unfortunately the information not covered on the test is not taught” (Banta, p.2). I know that if st...
Students are expected to become well educated, self-thinking, and creative citizens. When teachers are expected to teach to a state guided curriculum students are limited to the standards and content of knowledge. Students are all given the same multiple choice test, on the same day, at the same time. Students are not given a chance to show their depth of knowledge.
Posner (2004, p. 36) discusses the importance of understanding the situational factors that lead to the development of a particular curriculum. This curriculum has been created as a response to the problem of technology skills and resources being typically isolated as a separate curriculum, rather than being integrated into the broader curricular areas. This leads to curricula that are often devoid of 21st century skills needed by students to ensure future success (Partnership for 21st Century Skills, 2004). The goal of the curriculum, therefore, is to focus on specific technology skills that can be readily integrated into other curricular areas without sacrificing critical objectives within those curricula and, in fact, enhancing the relevance and levels of engagement in those areas.
The cultural diversity in society, which is reflected in schools, is forcing schools not to solely rely on content-centered curriculum, but to also incorporate student-centered lesson plans based on critique and inquiry. This requires multicultural education to a dominant part of the school system, not just an extra course or unit. Further, it demands that learning itself no longer be seen as obtaining knowledge but rather, education be seen as creating knowledge. Multicultural education should be seen as affirming the diversity of students and communities, promoting the multicultural ideas of the United States, and building the knowledge and behaviors needed for students to be a positive and contributing member of society and the global community as a whole.
As we proceed further into the 21st century, multiculturalism becomes more relevant to obtaining a truly global society. Dr. James A. Banks defines the meaning of multicultural education and its potential impact on society when it is truly integrated into American classrooms. In his lecture, Democracy, Diversity and Social Justice: Education in a Global Age, Banks (2006) defines the five dimensions of multicultural education that serve as a guide to school reform when trying to implement multicultural education (Banks 2010). The goal of multicultural education is to encourage students to value their own cultures and the diverse cultures of those around them without politicizing their differences but rather, as Banks passionately explains in his lecture, “to actualize the ideals stated in the Constitution” (2006) forming “civil, moral, and just communities.”
When it comes to implementing a curriculum everyone has an opinion. Whether it is the organization of the curriculum or the evaluation of the curriculum, everyone from administers, teachers, and parents will have their opinions on the new curriculum. The curriculum development group has many difficult decisions to make. They have to decide when and how to implement, who will be in charge, what data will be collected, and how will the curriculum be evaluated.
Most elementary schools are not prepared to implement cultural awareness in their classroom curriculums. A diverse staff that is also extremely culturally content is a necessity. Teachers must have the ability in expressing diverse beliefs and implicating those beliefs in personal experiences with the students; willingness to discussing controversial issues is a virtue as well. “According to a 2008 survey by the Public Agenda Foundation, a 76 percent of new teachers reported that their training covered teaching diverse students, but only 39 percent called this training helpful” (Walker). It is also believed that implementing such broad topic like culture into the curriculum can cause difficulty towards the teachers stability in teaching, “learning about students’ cultural backgrounds is an ongoing process that lasts a teachers’ entire career, beginning all over again each year with a new set of students” (Quinton). Also traditional curriculums, heavily apply to regions such as North America and Europe like South America or Africa. Students are the ones who experience this the most since certain textbooks do not provide accurate facts instead creating a bias from historical and modern times. For example, Christopher Columbus is celebrated as an American hero who discovered America
We need to be aware of the diversity in the classroom. Cultural diversity includes: bi-racial, adoptive, immigrant, gay, and step-families. It is a large majority of the students today even in my generation. Focusing on making a balanced curriculum that exposes the students to all of these different backgrounds is very important. I know that it is likely that a teacher will not be able to cater to every student, but it is important to involve each of them. There is a large percentage of students that have dropped out due to the lack of having a connection with the curriculum. It is frustrating that we are lacking progress in our schools to help these children connect when studies show that each cultural group will soon be equal in numbers. We need to form a better
The concepts included in providing a more diverse, multicultural education are requiring teachers to review their own issues and prejudices while expanding their knowledge of the many cultures that make up the classroom. These efforts help the educator recognize the various individual and cultural differences of each student, as well as gain an understanding on how these differences impact the learning process. The purpose of this paper is to reflect upon individual and cultural difference research and why diverse students struggle to succeed in school. Furthermore, I will share some instructional approaches I could implement in the classroom to accommodate diverse students. Finally, I will discuss the responsibility of educators in addressing the issue of how our o...
In conducting her research, the author understood that she needed to describe key issues of culturally diverse students, recommend a curriculum approach to address the issues, and discuss the challenges and benefits expected. In reading Cultural and Linguistic Diversity: Issues in Education (2010), s...
Contrary to popular belief, curriculum integration entails more than simply linking lessons together along a common theme. It is more than just "rearranging existing lesson plans", it is an attempt to organize "curriculum around significant problems and issues…without regard for subject-area boundaries" (Beane, 1997). The goal of curriculum integration is to have students gain a deeper level of understanding across subject areas through interrelated thematic study. Themes are drawn from life "as it is being lived and experienced" with knowledge based around problem solving rather than rote skill acquisition (Beane, 1997).